Likhosana le magosana tsa RUS boholo-holo ka nako ya ho hloka bonngoe

Ka mor'a lefu la Khosana ea Kiev Yaroslava Mudrogo ka 1054 ho Russia e qalile tshebetso ya ho bola pele puso e le 'ngoe. liketsahalo tse tšoanang e ile ea etsahala Europe Bophirimela. E ne e le tšekamelo ea kakaretso ea feudal Mehleng e Bohareng. Butle-butle, Russia e arotsoe tse 'maloa, de facto magosana ikemetseng le lineano tse tloaelehileng, setso le Rurik leloko la borena la. E ile ea qala ka 1132, ha a e-shoa Mstislav Veliky bohlokwa bakeng sa naha. Hore ke letsatsi la ho qala ha bo-rahistori ba ho qetela lumela hona joale fragmentation lipolotiki. Ka puso ena, Russia e ile ea nka ho fihlela bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-XIII, ha e utloa hlasela masole a Mongol-Tatar.

Kiev naha

Ho theosa le lilemo, ho principality ya Russia ea boholo-holo li ne li arotsoe, di ne tsa kopanngwa, fetola melao ya makala tsa Rurik lesika , 'me joalo-joalo. D. Leha ho le joalo, ho sa tsotellehe ho ferekanngoa ha liketsahalo tsena, ho na le tse' maloa likarolo senotlolo, e phethile karolo ea bohlokoa haholo bophelong ba ka har'a naha. Esita le ka mor'a ho putlama sebele tsa de Khao jure ho ne ho nkoa e le Prince phahameng tsa Kiev.

Control ea " 'Mè oa metse Russia" o ile a leka ho theha mefuta e fapaneng ya babusi itseng. Ka hona, haeba le fiefdoms ya Russia ea boholo-holo ba ne ba lefa bona leloko la borena la, le Kiev hangata ka ho fetisisa fetisoa ho tloha ka letsohong le ho nehelana. Ka mor'a lefu la Mstislav Vladimirovich ka 1132 motse-ba thepa ea ka bokhutšoanyane Chernigov Rurik. Ha hoa ka ha o lumellane le litho tse ling tsa leloko la borena la ho. Ka lebaka la lintoa ileng Kiev emisoa taolo pele Pereyaslav, Turov le Vladimir-Volyn principality, ebe (ka 1169) le ho hang o ne a ile a ikhapela thepa lebotho la Andreya Bogolyubskogo 'me qetellong lahlehileng bohlokoa tsa lona tsa lipolotiki.

Chernihiv

Fiefdoms ya Russia ea boholo-holo ka naha Chernigov e le litloholo tsa Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych. Ba ne ba nako e telele bile khahlanong le Kiev. Chernihiv leloko la borena la ka lilemo tse mashome a 'maloa e se e arotsoe ka makala a mabeli: litloholo tsa Oleg le Davidovich. Le e mong le e isa molokong o mong hlahile fiefdoms ho feta ncha, dita ho tloha Chernigov (Sivers'k-Novgorod, Bryanskoye, Kurskoe le sa t. D.).

'Musi ho fetisisa hlollang tsa sebakeng sena-rahistori ba lumela Svyatoslava Olgovicha. E ne e le motsoalle oa Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Le Selekane mokete bona ka Moscow ka 1147 ho qala ho tiisa matsatsi histori ea motse-moholo oa Russia. Ha Duchy ya Russia ea boholo-holo ba kopane ho loantša Mamongolia hlaha bochabela, babusi itseng Chernigov linaheng tse entsoeng ka litho tse ling tsa Ruric 'me ba hlōla ka ho Kalka Nōka. Hlasela steppe le amme ha tsohle principality, 'me karolo e itseng feela ea eona e ka bochabela. Leha ho le joalo, ho ka boeena o ile a lumela ka tlas'a taolo ea Golden Horde (ka mor'a lefu le bohloko Michael ea Chernigov). Ka XIV lekholong la lilemo la Chernihiv hammoho maloa tsa metse e le linaheng tsa boahelani ba ne ba hapa ho Lithuania.

Polotsk Region

Polotsk busa Izyaslavich (litloholo Iziaslav V.). ea lekala lena ka Rurik ema tsoa ka pele ho ba bang. Ho phaella moo, Polotsk pele o ile a qala ho ntoa ba hlometseng bakeng sa ho ipusa ntle ho Kiev. Oa pele-pele joalo ntoa e ileng sa etsahala qalong ea lekholo XI.

Joaloka magosana tse ling tsa RUS boholo-holo ka nako ya fragmentation, Polotsk qetellong ba aroha magosana 'maloa tse nyenyane (Vitebsk, Minsk, Drutskiy Ke T. D.). Ba bang ba metse ena ka lebaka la lintoa le manyalo dynastic fetisetsoa Smolensk Rurikovich. Empa bahanyetsi ba kotsi ka ho fetisisa tsa Polotsk, ha ho pelaelo hore, e ne e Lithuanians. Qalong, meloko Baltic ho bapaloa liphutuho jang nama ka naha Serussia. Joale ba ile ba fallela ka ho le maruo le. Ka 1307 Polotsk a qetella a e-ba karolo ea e sa tsoa thehoa matla Lithuanian.

Volyn

Sebakeng Volyn (boroa-bophirimela ho ba teng letsatsi le Ukraine) ho khetholla kholo tse peli bohareng theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki - Vladimir-Volyn le Galich. Ka mor'a ho ba ikemetseng ho tloha Kiev, ho Principality qala ho phehisana le mong ho e mong bakeng sa boeta-pele ba tikolohong eo. Qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XII Roma Mstislavovich kopane metse e 'meli. E ne e bitsoa e Principality tsa Galicia-Volyn. Tšusumetso ea morena e ne e le matla hoo a ka sireletsa lelekoa Masole a bolumeli ho tloha Constantinople tsa Byzantium Moemphera Alexios III.

Mora oa Daniele oa Roma botumo ba hae eclipsed katleho ntate oa hae. O atlehile ho loantša lipalo, Hungarians le Mamongolia ho tswa nako le nako ba kena selekane e le motho e mong ho tloha baahelani. Ka 1254 Daniel ba ile ba nka ho tswa ho Mopapa e le sehlooho sa Morena oa Russia, ka tšepo ea ho thusa Europe Bophirimela ho loantša steppe le. Ka mor'a lefu la hae, e leng Galicia-Volyn principality oela lokisoeng. Qalong ho ile ea aroloa likarolo tse 'maloa,' me joale o ne a hapa ke Poland. The arohana ha Russia ea boholo-holo, moo principality kamehla khahlanong le e mong le e tse ling tse, thibela ntoa e mo khahlanong ditshoso kantle.

Smolensk

Smolensk principality teng e bohareng libaka tsa Russia. E ile ea e-ba ikemetseng ha mora Mstislava Velikogo Rostislav. Qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XII ka principality ya Russia ea boholo-holo ba boela ba qala ntoa ho baba sebakeng sa Kiev. The hlolisanang ka sehloohong bakeng sa matla a motse-moholo oa boholo-holo oa Smolensk le Chernigov ne babusi.

Tlhōrōng ea litloholo matla Rostislav fihla ka Mstislav Romanovich. Ka 1214-1223 GG. a busa e seng feela Smolensk, empa Kiev. Ke khosana ena e ne e le initiator tsa pele antimongolskoy entseng selekane a hlōla ka Kalka. Ka mor'a moo Smolensk ka tlase ho ba bang ba tsoa likotsi nakong ea tlhaselo ena. Leha ho le joalo, babusi ba oona lefile sethabathaba ho Golden Horde. Butle-butle principality squeezed pakeng tsa ho fumana tšusumetso e Lithuania le Moscow. Boipuso maemong a joalo ne e se nako e telele. Ka lebaka leo, ka 1404 le Lithuanian khosana Vytautas Smolensk tlhaho khomaretse matlotlo a hae.

Ba karolo e nyenyane ka Leihlo

Ryazan principality hapa naha ka bo Hare Oka. Ho ema ho tsoa libakeng tsa Chernigov babusi. Ka 1160-ogy tloha Ryazan qhetsola Moore. tlhaselo Mongol bohloko otla ka bohale le. Baahi ba, likhosana, magosana ya Russia ea boholo-holo ba ne ba sa utloisise tšokelo ea botsoa ke bahlaseli ba Bochabela. Ka 1237 pele Russia Ryazan motse e ile ea timetsoa baahi ba steppe. Nakong e tlang, ho principality ile a loana le le matla a ho hōla ea Moscow. Ka mohlala, 'musisi oa Ryazan Oleg Ivanovich e telele e ne e le lireng Dmitriya Donskogo. Ryazan butle-butle ba felloa ke fatše. Ho ile hapa Moscow ka 1521.

Novgorod Republic

litšobotsi tse ea histori ea magosana tsa RUS ea boholo-holo e ke ke ka ho feletseng ntle le bua ka ho tloha Republic Novgorod. boemo ena ho latela maemo a lona ho khetheha ea lipolotiki le ea sechaba ba ne ba lula. Mona e thehilweng le rephabliki aristocratic le tšusumetso e matla ea Moifo o ratoang. Likhosana tsa ne kgethilweng balaoli (ba ile ba memeloa linaheng tse ling Russia).

A oona tsamaisong tšoanang theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki o ntshetswa pele ka Pskov, e neng e bitsoa "moena oa Novgorod." metse ena e 'meli e ne e le litsi tsa khoebo ea machaba. Bapisoa le litsi tse ling Russia theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki ba ne ba tlameha ho mabitso a mang ho fetisisa le Europe Bophirimela. Ka mor'a la Baltic States o ile a nka sesole Catholic ditaelo monastic, pakeng tsa Knights le Novgorod ba ile ba qala khohlano tebileng. ntoa ee e ile ea fihla sehlohlolong ka 1240-ogy. E ne e ka nako eo hore Swedes le Majeremane le eena o ile a hlōla Prince Alexander Nevsky. Ha hoo e ka bang qetile tsela ea histori ea Russia ea boholo-holo ho e Moholo Duchy la Moscow, e rephabliki o ile a sala a le mong le Ivan III. O ile a hapa Novgorod ka 1478.

ka leboea-bochabela Russia

Pele litsi lipolotiki tsa North-Eastern Russia ka lilemo tse makholo XI-XII. ne Rostov, Suzdal le Vladimir. Ho busoa litloholo tsa Monomakh le mora oa hae e monyenyane Yuriya Dolgorukogo. The bahlahlami ba ntate oa Andrew Bogolyubskii le Vsevolod le Sehlaha Big matlafatsa bolaoli ba Vladimir principality, etsa hore ho e kholo ka ho fetisisa le matla ka ho fetisisa e le arohaneng RUS.

Ha bana ba Vsevolod Big Jack o ile a qala e kgolo ntoa ea lehae. Ba ile ba qala ho hlahella fiefdoms pele. Empa koluoa ea sebele o ile a North-Eastern Russia, hammoho le Mamongolia. Nomads ba ripitla sebaka sena, ba chesoa ba bangata ba motse oa habo. Nakong ea Tartar khans puso ea o ile a hlokomela Vladimir likhosana batho ba hōlileng ho pholletsa le Russia. Edit ho bapaloa ho ba ileng ba amohela e le sesupo khethehileng.

Ka loanela ho Vladimir abelwang karolo ya tse peli tse e le sera sa ntjha: Tver le Moscow. Tlhōrō ea khohlano ea bona ea e qalong ea lekholo la lilemo la XIV. Ka tlhōlisano e ena le mohlodi ne Moscow. Butle-butle, likhosana tsa hae ba ile ba e ka Leboea-Bochabela Russia, a liha le Mongol-Tatar joko 'me qetellong a bōpa e momahaneng Russia boemo (la pele la morena oa eona ka 1547 ea e-ba Ivan Grozny).