Concrete haeteroliki GOST, sebopeho, le litšobotsi tse, thepa, kopo

Makala le dibopeho tse kopana ho sa tšoaneng likhato ka metsi hloka lintho tse bonahalang e khethehileng eo ka mamella liphello tse senyang tsa mahareng mokelikeli. Bakeng sa kaho ea maemo a joalo ho sebedisa ka konkreiti haeteroliki boenjiniere. O na le likarolo tsohle tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tshebetso sireletsehileng mehaho hahoa.

tlhaloso

Concrete haeteroliki ke oa sehlopha sa ba boima, e sebediswa bakeng sa kaho ea embankments, marokho le likarolo tse ling, mehaho e ke ka linako tse ling karolo kapa ka ho feletseng qoelisoa metsing, kapa kopana le eona.

Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea lintho tse bonahalang tse ke matla a ho ho boloka litšobotsi tse lona ka lekhetlo la pele ka maemo a mabifi tikoloho ntle fokotsa boleng le matla a ea elements microcyteme. Ba bang mesebetsi, tse kang matla a, ka vozdnoy mahareng eketseha le nako ha a ntse a ho boloka botšepehi 'me sebōpeho sa lejoe.

tlhophiso

Ho na le ke e itseng sete ya ditlhoko se khotsofatsoe ke boenjiniere bo hahiloeng ka konkreite haeteroliki. GOST 26633-2012 "Concrete thata le e metle-grained. Tobileng "o laola boleng ea likarolo motsoako le thepa ea likarolo tsa tharollo o qetile. tokomane ke ya tlhaku e machaba, ho ile ha nka dinaheng 8.

Ho latela GOST, haeteroliki ka konkreiti arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 'maloa ho ea ka tekanyo e oa qoeliso kgahlamelo ya maqhubu a le e mahareng ea metsi:

1. Overwater.
2. Ka tlas'a metsi.
3. Bakeng sa batho bao e seng ka ho sa feleng boemo ba metsi.

Ka bophahamo ba modumo ea lintho tse bonahalang generated lithulusi li arotsoe ka:

1. A maholohali a - dibopeho tsena tse rarahaneng le boholo bo kgolo seleng, tsamaea le thatafatsa lekane le mocheso.
2. Nonmassive - e bonolo moralo le litekanyo tse nyenyane.

E le lebotho la bohato ka Sepheo tiile lipelo:

1. Bakeng sa tsamaiso ea khatello.
2. Bakeng sa likarolo bao e seng khatello.

tlhophiso eketsehileng di arohane sebaka dikopo ka konkreiti:

1. Makala ka hare (ba ka tlaase ho moo le tsekamelo ea ho leaching, khatello metsi, empa lokela ho mamella ho pepesehela ee sa fetoleng boemo).
2. Bakeng sa likarolo Link le bokaholimo (metsi joalo ba angoa ke mokhatlo oa motho ea mafolofolo le batho bao e seng ka ho sa feleng lik'hemik'hale semelo sa).

Sebopeho motsoako

The tharollo e lokela ho kopana ditlhoko tsa GOST lejoe lekaneng thatafala, matla a le sebakeng se sireletsehileng. taolo boleng ba dikarolo tsohle tse etsang hore e hahiloeng ka konkreite haeteroliki. Sebopeho sa motsoako:

1. The motsoako ka sehloohong - le binder. Ka manganga ho metsi mabifi e le hantle sebelisa sulphate manganga samente. Bakeng sa lenaihana boemo ba qoelisoa nka hydrophobic kapa le kenyeletso ho sebelisoe plasticizing. Maemong a mang, ho pozzolan, slag kapa Portland samente.
2. Fine aggregate - quartz lehlabathe, ho eketsa ho hanyetsa ea konkreiti s ho metsi. E lokela ho ba a sa tebang litšila le maloanlahla a - ka maemo a metsi retelehela ka haholo fokolisa boitsebiso boo.
3. Mahoashe aggregate - lehlohlojane le e sithabetseng lejoe le mafika sedimentary le igneous. Sena ke haholo hydrophobic, serame. Faction majoe itšetlehile ka litšobotsi botekgeniki tsa seretse ka konkreiti lokela ho sebetsa tlas'a maemo a itseng. Foromo filler e lokela ho ba tse ngata 'me khonvekse flakiness maloanlahla kapa lehlohlojane o matla o tlaase.
4. Additives - improvers thepa ea tharollo. Ba eketsa ho hanyetsa mocheso fetola majoe, metsi litšusumetso mabifi, fokotsa mocheso e le e loketseng, ho thibela ho ponahalo ea mapetsong.

The thepa ea likarolo tsohle le entsprechen bona, paakanyong hantle ea tharollo o ile a re ka tseko ea 3 GOST 26633-2012. Latelwa lokela ho phethwa ka tlhahiso ea leha e le efe, ba itokisetse Remix fumana tokomane eo ho ea ka molao oa.

litšobotsi tse botekgeniki

lintho tse bonahalang o na le plurality la dimela. Di khetholloa ka sebopeho bona le thepa, e leng lokela obladat ka konkreiti haeteroliki boenjiniere. litšobotsi tse Technical itšetleha ka cha le mofuta oa sebopeho. The amehile compressive matla, flexural axial ikotlolla, ho hanyetsa serame le hydrophobicity. The tharollo sebetsa e kgethile plurality ha ditefello ya data, kaha thepa ea e mong le e methaka ka fapana, e leng e sa amoheleheng ho lintho tse bonahalang e fanoeng.

matla

Tsa pele le tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa palokatiso - boleng ba compression hanyetsa, ho tloha mehaho e ngata tobana matleng a ea mojaro paatsepama tsa moaho bophahamo ba modumo ka holimo.

Concrete matla o ne a ikemiselitse ke teko sekotwaneng isa molokong o mong le ho hlahloba e le tlas'a khatello. The mochine o bolokiloe pakeng tsa matsatsi a 28 le 180 bakeng sa ho phekola. Tabeng ea haeteroliki litšoantšo sekotwaneng ile kenngoa ka metsi a ka nako thatafatsa.

Liteko etsoa tlas'a tšusumetso ea makhotla a ho ho petsoha.

Ho latela phuputso e sa tsoa a konkreite ha sehlopha sa khau V3,5 ho B60. The mefuta e atileng ka ho fetisisa ba B10-B40.

matla Tensile le flexural

Moralo, e leng ha e ama mojaro paatsepama, angoa ke ho litšusumetso tse ling - axial tsitsipano le ba kobang. Ho utloisisa hore na ka konkreiti tla mamella khatello e joalo, ho e hlahloba ka laboratoring. Mark tensile matla - Bt0,4 ... 4,0.

impermeability

Ikemisetsa ho liteko tsa laboratori tse ka letaeseng.sebapadi-disampole la lilemo ho le joalo, tabeng ea pele. Motheo oa teko ea ho butle-butle eketsa khatello ea metsi ho seepage lona ka 'mele oa konkreite. Ho ea ka lebaka la lejoe abeloa cha metsi ho W2-20.

Bakeng sa tikoloho senyang metsi a leoatle, ho sebelisa phahameng khatello ea haeteroliki boenjiniere bo hahiloeng ka konkreite seng ka tlase ho W4.

serame-hanyetsa

Ka maemo a mongobo le phahameng e bua haholo ka liphetoho mocheso le bokhoni ba ho tšela metsi. E le o tsejoa, katoloso ea mokelikeli ho hlaka ka ho benyang le ho etsa hore tshenyo thepa ea mohaho, eo ho eona a ileng a khona ho phunyeletse. Ho qoba sena mohaho boikarabelo ka tharollo ka ho hlahisa haeteroliki eketsa additives khethehileng le plasticizers hore eketsa ho hanyetsa ea konkreiti s ho tiee.

Cha serame F e bontša hore na batho ba bangata ka ho feletseng ka lipotoloho tsa leqhoa le thawing ka mamella mohlala ka konkreiti ea ho lahleheloa ke matla a ha e feta 15%. Ho motsoako oa liteko le boenjiniere haeteroliki etsoang ke futhumatsang e ka metsi le ho retelehela ka leqhoa.

Ho ea ka phuputso e entsoeng hydrophobic letšoao ka konkreiti ka serame abeloa F50-300.

improvers motsoako

thepa Tensile, metsi ho hanyetsa le serame ho hanyetsa larileng ka mohato oa ho kopanya le tharollo ka semela. thepa e khethehileng ikemiselitse ke haeteroliki letsoai ka konkreiti tsa tšepe tse sa tšoaneng le metsoako le likarolo tse ngata.

Additives modifiers ba arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 2.

Group Ke fokotsa absorption metsi 5 linako tse ling ka mo porojekeng ipehela nako phekola matsatsi a 28. Har'a ka ho fetisisa sebelisoa:

• Feniletoksisiloksan 113-63 (pele Fes-50).
• AMCP-3 (Russia) sodium Alyumometilsilikonat.
• "Lera" (Russia).
• Gidrobeton (EU).
• Addiment DM 2 (Germany).
• Liga Natriumoleat 90 (Russia).
• Sikagard-702 W-Aquahod (Switzerland).

e matla ka tlaase ho moo sehlopha II (phokotso ho isa linakong tse 2-4,8). kopo lona, hoa khoneha hore ho kopanya le holim 'a mabota a konkreiti a:

• Polyhydrosiloxanes 136-157M (pele e neng e GCJ-94M) le 136-41 (pele e neng e GCJ-94).
• "Mokhahlelo oa Molaodi C."
• Stavinor Zn Eu Stavinor Ca pel.
• HIDROFOB E (Slovenia).
• Cementol E (Slovenia).
• Sikalite (Switzerland).
• Sikagard-700S (Switzerland).

Group III ke ke a sebetsa ho ne ho bōptjoa ka konkreiti haeteroliki. The additives fokotsa metsi absorption ho fihlela ho ka makhetlo a 2.

thepa tse ding

Ha khetha Remix sebetsa nahanela eseng feela litšobotsi tsa sehlooho tsa konkreiti s haeteroliki, empa hape entsprechen tse ling:

• Ka tjhelete e ya shrinkage.
• Ho hanyetsa deformation.
• Tekanyo ea ho ho hanyetsa ea phallo ea metsi le pompo khatello.

Ha ho na risepe le 'ngoe bakeng sa e hahiloeng ka konkreite haeteroliki: Ketsahalong ka' ngoe, nahana ka ho hlophisoa lik'hemik'hale tsa metsi, ka tjhelete e ya khatello le mejaro tse ling. Ho latela fillers le additives a sebelisa, ba nang le bokhoni ba ho etsa bonnete ba tshebetso e ka tšeptjoang Lejoe nakong e tlang.

kopo

Rala tharollo tlas'a pokello ea metsi - ho na le boikarabelo ba ho le bonolo. E tšela e ngata e le hore ho qoba ho thatafatsa lekane le khoholeho ea mobu. Ka lebaka la sebōpeho sa rala mmele tiisa puso moralo likhatellong mogote etsahala le ho se tšoane tse lokelang ho lokisoa. Ho qoba overheating le deformation pele ho nako ya sebopeho sa, plasticizers di a phaella ka ho tharollo ea, le mefuta e khethehileng ea samente:

• Pozzolan.
• Slag.
• The hydrophobic.

Bakeng sa kaho ea mehaho e mose sebelisoa ka konkreiti haeteroliki boenjiniere. e sebelisa ho atile:

• Marokho, le ts'ehetsang bona le girders.
• Tokisetso ea eketsa embankments le mabota lebōpong likoung.

• Matamo le likotlolo tsa bona le sebaka seo potolohileng.
• Marako a manholes le shafts.
• Terene lithanele.
• Technical libaka tsa: matamo, a fehlang motlakase matla liteisheneng, breakwaters.

Ka eleko konkreite haeteroliki ya matshwao tlaase li sebelisetsoa ho tlatsa kamoreng e ka tlaase ka boemo bo phahameng ba tlase ho lefatshe kapa lerotholi mohlomong ka nako ya qhibiliha lehloa le lipula tse matla.