Lichaba e nyenyane ea Russia - lethathamo. Batho bonyane e mengata ea Russia

Tšimo leo ho ahiloeng ho ke batho matsoalloa ea Russia, matha hammoho lihlooho 28 ba Federation le Serussia. Ho otlolla tloha libakeng Fihla Hokae ka Bochabela ho fihlela ho ea Kola Hloahloeng.

Ho ea ka lethathamo la ea molao ea 2006, Karolong e ka Leboea, Siberia, Bochabela bo Hōle le libakeng tse ling tsa Federation ea Russia ke lehae la batho 45 matsoalloa a moo, ho fana ka kakaretso ea baahi ha batho ba haufi le 250 tse sekete.

The batho ba bangata ka ho fetisisa ba bona ba Nenets, palo ea bona e ile ea fihla 44 sekete. Lichaba tse nyenyane tsoele Ents, ea ileng a itsebahatsa ka lebitso encho. palo ea bona ha e ho feta batho ba 200. Ke nyamela batho hape fetisetsa Izhors - batho ba 450, 'me sechaba Vod, palo ea tse ka count ya ho qetela e ne e le batho ba ka tlaase ho 100. U bitsa ba bang numerically nyane batho ba Russia? Lethathamong le ka bonoa ka tlase.

List of Matsoalloa Peoples la Russia

• Chukchi.
• Eskimos.
• Chuvans.
• Kamchadals.
• Koryak.
• Alyutors.
• Aleuts.
• Nivkhs.
• Orok.
• Orochi.
• Udegeytsy.
• Negidals.
• Ulchi.
• Evenki.
• Maleka.
• Yukagirs.
• Dolgan.
• Abaza.
• Chum.
• Veps.
• Izhors.
• Nenets.
• Igelmeny.
• Sami.
• Chulyms.
• Shor.
• Khanty.
• Besermyan.
• Korek.
• Mansi.
• Sepkupy.
• Soyots.
• Libeisine.
• Teleuts.
• Tofalars.
• Tozhu tuvans.
• Kumandins.
• Nanai.
• Nagaybaks.
• Naganasany.
• Tubalars.
• Nganasans.
• Chelkans.
• Karels.
• Vod.

The worldview e tloaelehileng ea batho matsoalloa tsa North

Ka tloaelo maleka, hammoho le lichaba tse ling matsoalloa ea Russia, deify sepakapakeng le mehloli ea leseli le tsohle tse ka sehloohong, hammoho le likarolo tsa motheo tsa limela tse ba potolohileng 'me liphoofolo - lithaba, linōka, meru taiga le mefuta e fapaneng ya liphoofolo tse phela ho' ona. Ka mohlala, Sun ka Eban kelo-hloko ea setso emela mosa motho e mong, ka botlalo le thahasello ka lebaka le tšireletso ea baahi ba moo. Letsatsi Molimo ka ua hlohlelletsoa hore u sebelisana ka mahlabelo le tumelo le lithapelo. Molimo o khona ho etsa thato ea balumeli-tšollela bona bana ba bophelo bo botle le matla, eketsa mohlape oa litsomi khama ho tlisa mahlohonolo le mohau le lihlapi tšoase.

lichaba tse ngata matsoalloa tsa Siberia na la bohetene 'me bolumeli ba polytheistic, le tšobotsi e ena le ikhethang la kamano e joalo, e le moea le' mele, ka ho toba ka sebopeho letsoalloa le liketsahalo, empa le tlhaho ka kakaretso. Seo ke sona naha tseo a lulang kapa batho ba bang, ke ho mo la Molimo 'me tse phelang mokhatlo, ba nang le bokhoni ba ho susumetsa liketsahalo bobeli ke lintho tsa tlhaho le sechabeng. matla a sona le phahametse lona o ile a hlokomela ho matla a batho ba leka ho tame ka mekhoa e fapa-fapaneng tsa moea tse kang lithapelo, boloi, 'me joalo-joalo D..

liphoofolo, le eena, a joaloka limela, ba isoa ho e le hantle atamela. Ka mohlala, motseng oa ho bona ka bobona-Kehl, teng ka Kobyaysky District, e ntse e hōla ka sefate e halalelang, eo moea oa mosireletsi oa batho. Ka tlotla ea ho mahlabelo sefate entsoe, o ile a boela hlalosoa lintho tse sa tšoaneng. Ho phaella moo, ho na le ke borapeli ba halalelang likhama, likhantsi, lintsu ka le totems tse ling tsa mefuta eohle.

Christian Contemporary bakeng sa ka Yakutia

Setho sa Mokhatlo oa Matsoalloa Peoples tsa North Zakharova NE ka thuto ea hae o bolela hore hona joale tloaelehileng northerners matsoalloa le tšekamelo ea ho khetholla metso ea tsona ea bohetene, ho bona ka ho ba le boitšoaro bo hlephileng, borapeli ba litšoantšo, 'me "botahoa ka boitsebahatso ea sechaba." Ho joalo, mahlong a morao-rao Shaman baeta-pele ba Bokreste ba atisa ho bonahala eka ntho e lihlong ea sechaba ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore o khetha ho rapela lintho tsa ho rapela mofuta wa Molimo a le mong.

Tabeng ena, ka shamanism khanna sekisetse ntoa. Kahoo, ho latela Zaharovoy N. E., 'Muso oa Rephaboliki ea Sakha Yakutia le mobishopo beha ka pel'a hae mosebetsi oa ho fele feletseng tsa bohetene sebakeng leo ho ahiloeng ho ke numerically nyane lichaba tsa leboea Serussia.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore e joalo e loana le shaman e se etsahalang ka lilemo tse makholo a mararo, ho tloha mehleng ea moemphera Russia. Leha ho le joalo, le bahetene ka leboea o ile a lula ka boeena o esita le ka mor'a kolobetso ka puo ea khale. Ka lebaka leo, shamanism butle-butle o ile a qala ho phunyeletse ka Serussia tikoloho ya setso. Ho hlalosa ketsahalo ena ka 'na ba' nete ea hore mehleng setso lefa e hlahisoa e le mohlahlami oa hae ho lefatše bohetene. Oe fumana ba bang ba tiisetso ka tabeng ea ho nahanela ba Renaissance - tsoseletso ea mokhatlo oa boipheliso ho tloha molora oa ea bohetene ea lefifi tsa Mehleng e Bohareng.

Eng kapa eng eo e ne e, ha e kopana le lijalo 'me intertwining ea Bokreste setso le shamanism fa tloaelehang le e thahasellisang litšoantšo, ho ithuta tseo Russia batho nyane fana boteng ba bona.

Lichaba tsa karolo e ka leboea-bophirimela ea Russia

Ka lethathamo lena la lichaba numerically nyenyane ea Russia tse ka theoha taelo ea boholo baahi:

• Karels (92 sekete. Pers.).
• Veps (8 sekete. Pers.).
• The Sami batho (2 sekete. Pers.).
• Izhora (450 pers.).
• Vod (82 pers.).

Karels

Sebaka sa bolulo o Karels ka nahana ho tsoa lebitsong la sechaba. Ke eena sehlooho le batho ba moo ba Republic Karelian. Ba bang ba Karels ka tieo ba ile ba lula Leningrad le Vyborg libakeng. Karelian ethnos o ile a qala ho theha ho potoloha lekholong la bo13 la lilemo sebakeng sa, e leng koahela Karelian Mochophoro le karolo ea kajeno Finland, moo ho na le ba ntse ba tse ling metsaneng ea Karelia.

Misa hlokahale kolobetsong khanna ka ditaelo tsa Prince ba Novgorod, e se le eena o ama setso setso tsa Karelia. E ne e le hoo e ka bang ka puo ea khale, hobane ka nako eo batho ba 'maloa haholo utloisisa puo Russia, e neng e khannoa mashano a bolumeli. Leha ho le joalo, tsa boitšoaro le tsa moea melao-motheo ea Karels ntlhahloba bonagaditse ka setso songs, metjeko, lithothokiso le incantations rune. Lipuo tsa batho - ho Sefinnishe le Serussia. Likarolong tse ka leboea ea Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa Karelia - likhama le liphoofolo tse ruiloeng a mang, ho ba bang - ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho kotula moru. Jwale ka Karelia hantle ntshetswa pele drevodobyvayuschaya le ho etsa thepa indasteri, eo ho eona a hapa karolo ea fokolang ka palo ena merabe.

Izhora

Izhora - ho intša Finno-Ugric batho, nakong e fetileng, hammoho le batho ba bakae ba Vod, Izhora e neng e le baahi ba ka sehloohong oa lefatše. Lebitso la sechaba sena e metse ka metso ka Seswedishe lebitso profensing ea Ingermanladskoy (Ingermanland). Ho phaella moo, ba bang ba Izhors ipitsang ka bongateng "karyalaysht". Ena ke tsela e lumellanang le 'nete ea hore e be baemeli ba sechaba sa Vod Izhora kgetha e le "Karelia".

Ka 1897, palo ea batho e ile ea fihla batho 14.000, empa kajeno palo ea bona atamela 400. Ka 1920 o ne a ntshetswa pele esita le ho ngola ea hae, empa o ile a tlameha ho teba ka lebaloa ho ea qetellong ea bo-1930.

ho buuoa ka lekhetlo la pele e le "Ingram" Izhors fumaneng e mong ka 1223. Lilemong tsa bo-XV, sechaba sena se ke e le karolo ea puso ea Serussia. O ka thelelo feta assimilation le litho tse ling tsa baahi ba moo ka lebaka la Orthodox bolumeli. Ka XVII lekholong la lilemo la ba naha Neva (Ingermanland) fetoha e le profinse Sweden, 'me Izhora assimilated le Finns,' me ka 1943 palo ea baahi ba e ka ntšoa ke mabotho a Jeremane a Finland. Ka mor'a moo, ho fihlela 1950s bohareng ba bo, Izhora fedisa thulaganyou e ka sebaka se le seng e undergone tse ling lithibelo behilweng ke ba boholong.

Farm Izhora tšoanang le Russia le fana ka maikutlo a ho lema ha e le hantle: ho lema meroho le lijo-thollo, lateloa ke pokello, omisa, 'me ho pola flails le a tlotsitsoeng bencheng, hammoho le liphoofolo tse ruiloeng le ho tšoasa litlhapi e itseng, se se akaretsang mehato ea ho tšoasa litlhapi morung mariha, e Izhors setse e le ka tloaelo ho, ea baahi kaofela, ho qeta bosiu a plank maphephe.

Accommodation Izhora hlahile metseng hangata malapa a nyane. Ho sa tsotellehe Orthodox, batho ba ne tšeptjoang bona litšebeletso lepato. Lepato e ile ea etsahala libakeng tse halalelang, meru. Hammoho le mofu ka lekese le ba ile ba behoa phepelo ea lijo le boea bo reins, hammoho le thipa.

Great boleng ba setso emela Rune lefa Izhora ka plurality tsa epics. Kahoo, Sefinnishe folklorist Elias Lennorot sebediswa runes Izhora ha rala mongolo "Kalevala".

Vod

The bonyane batho ba bangata ba Russia e na le kajeno batho ba 82 feela le lulang haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa-bophirimela ea sebaka se Leningrad. Vod ke ea Finno-Ugric lichaba. A puo e nang le baahi ba ka batho, tse tharo - e vodsky, Izhora le Serussia. SeEstonia - haufi-ufi le vodskomu puo puo. Ba ka sehloohong le ba setso Mosebetsi oa sechaba sena se senyenyane ne temo le meru, ho tšoasa litlhapi le tsoileng matsoho tse ntle. Fumaneng polasing lihlahisoa li ka kakaretso rekiswa litsing tse khōlō, tse kang St. Petersburg.

The bonyane batho ba bangata ba Russia ne a ke ke a boloke puo ka eona qalong. Sena se thibela se feela ile Orthodox (linehelano ba ne ba Russia), empa puo nenormirovannost, ho hloka likolo, e neng e tla ba rutoe vodsky ngotsoe puo, e le palo e fokolang ea batho le a mangata manyalo tsoakiloeng. Kahoo, puo e vodsky hoo e ka bang lahlehileng, le setso sa batho Vod ka matla a inehela Russification.