Ilya Mechnikov - 'mōpi oa khopolo eo lisele tsa maloetseng

Nakong ya halofo ea bobeli ea XIX lekholong la lilemo la, lingaka le litsebi tsa baeloji ea nako eo ka mafolofolo fuputswa karolo ea likokoana-hloko ka ntshetsopele ya mafu a tšoaetsanoang, hammoho le monyetla oa ho bopa ya boitshireletso maiketsetso ho bona. lithuto tsena ile sa etsa hore ho ithuta lintlha tse mabapi le tšireletso ea tlhaho ea 'mele ho tloha tsoaetsanang. Pasteur e filwe ho-rasaense khopolo ea seo ho thoeng ke "ha mo qeta ho mo qobella." Ho latela khopolo ena, maloetseng bongata ba kokwanahloko e le boemo boo ho bona 'mele oa motho hase phepo bakeng sa mahlahana a molemo a tšoaetsanoang. Leha ho le joalo, khopolo ena ne a ke ke hlalosa 'maloa a hlokometsoeng e sebetsang.

Swordsmen: khopolo lisele tsa maloetseng

khopolo ena ea hlaha ho 1883. 'Mōpi oa khopolo ea ho maloetseng lisele e ne e thehiloe lithutong tsa Charles Darwin,' me e ne e thehiloe ho ithuta dithulaganyo tshilong ya dijo ka liphoofolo, tse teng ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea ho iphetola ha lintho. Mongoli oa khopolo e sa tsoa-minted e fumanoa ba bang ba tšoana ho ka tshilo ya dijo intracellular ya dintho ka lisele endoderm, amoebae, macrophages dinama tse nyenyane tse 'me monocytes. Ha e le hantle, khopolo lisele tsa maloetseng bōpiloe ke e tummeng Russia setsebi sa baeloji Ilya Mechnikov. mosebetsi oa hae sebakeng sena e ile ea nka nako e telele ho lekana. Ho ba khutlisetsa ho ea fihla motse Setaliana ea Messina, eo ho eona microbiologist ho boloka boitšoaro bo sa fleas leoatle le larvae ea linaleli leoatle.

pathologist A ile a fumana hore ba lelera lisele tse o ile a re libōpuoa tse 'mele mojaki e pota-potiloe, ebe monya bona. Ho phaella moo, ba lokela ho timetsoa, 'me nka qeto ya lisele tseo tse sa ho hlokahala ke' mele ho feta. O ile a etsa boiteko bo matla hore ba be ya kgopolo ya lona. 'Mōpi oa khopolo ea ho maloetseng lisele e hlahiswa e le hantle, poleloana e reng "lisele tse phagocytic" nkiloe mantsoeng a Segerike "fages" -' me le je "kitos" - seleng. Hore ke e ncha poleloana e reng ka ho toba e bua ka mokhoa oa ho ja liseleng. Khopolo ea phagocytes tsena rasaense e tlang hanyane ka eena pejana, ha ke ne ke ithuta tshilo ya dijo intracellular liseleng tse sa tšoaneng connective dinama tse nyenyane tse ka invertebrates: seponche, amoeba le tse ling.

Baemeli ba lefatše e phahameng phoofolo phagocytes fetisisa tloaelehileng a ka bitsoa lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali, ke hore, leukocytes. Hamorao, 'mōpi oa khopolo ea ho maloetseng lisele e filwe ho arolelana lisele tse tsena macrophages, le macrophages. The mokhoa o nepahetseng e ile ea tiisa fihlela sena karohano rasaense P. Ehrlich hore phapang e mefuta e fapaneng ya leukocytes ke staining. Ka mesebetsi ea hae ea khale e nehetsoeng ho bolwetse ba ho ruruha, 'mōpi oa khopolo eo lisele tsa maloetseng ile ka khona ho bontša karolo ea lisele tse phagocytic ka tshebetso ya ho ho felisa likokoana-hloko. Se ka 1901, a kena lefatsheng la mosebetsi oa hae o ka sehloohong ka maloetseng ho mafu a tšoaetsanoang. , Ho phaella ho Ilya Mechnikov, monehelo bohlokoa ho ntshetsopele le phatlalatso ea liphetho tsa khopolo phagocytic ba sireletsehile maloetseng ana entsoeng ka IG Savchenko, FY Chistovich, LA Tarasevich, AM Birch, VI Isayev le a 'maloa a sa babatlisisi tse ling.