IALA (International Mokhatlo oa boholong Lighthouse): phaphametseng, lateral, mok'hadinale matšoao

Kajeno, motsamao oa likoloi o etsoang ho tsoa e mefuta e fapaneng ya libakeng: naha, moea le leoatle. Ha e le naha ho tsamaisa le leoatleng o sebetsang ka tsamaiso ya melao le matšoao hore laola mokhatlo oa bona le ho etsa bonnete ba ea mathang sireletsehileng ya metsi holim'a metjha e le.

Seo ke ho tsamaiso IALA?

System IALA (Association International ea Marine Aids le Lighthouse boholong) - tsamaiso momahaneng ea terata le likotsi, thehiloe a 1957 ho netefatsa polokeho ya motsamao oa methapo ea ka holim 'a leoatle lefatšeng. Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea matšoao taolo holim'a metsi, le tse ling tse thepa navigational ho thibela likotsi tse ka sebaka sa likepe e name ho le ho pholosa thepa e tsamaeang lijana.

melao-motheo ea IALA

Molao-motheo o mantlha ke IALA tlhaloganya sebaka karohano ya maoatleng a lefatše a balletsweng selekane - kanale eo ka sehloohong (kanale). Ho le letšehali la sebaka fairway likepe e name ho bitsoa sebakeng A, le na le tokelo - sebakeng B. Countries ka ba fapana ka litlotla 'mala bakeng sa lithuso tse navigational (Cho). Ka mohlala, sebakeng A fanoe khubelu, le B ho sebakeng sa - tala. Bakeng sa ntlha ka 'ngoe ya referense sebaka leoatleng o qala ho tataiso ea le kanaleng ka sehloohong (ntle le bakeng sa linako tse ling).

tsamaiso e khopo IALA o boetse o thehiloeng latelang molao-motheo o molaong:

• Palo bonyane ba Cho hlokehang bakeng sa ho tsamaya sireletsehileng tsa likoloi sea-eang.
• IALA phaphametseng matšoao ho le bonolo ho ba tseba ka 'mala lefifi oa maseli ka bona,' me maqhubu a ya mahlaseli, 'me motšehare - ka sebopeho le mmala wa lipalo ka holimo.
• Mala mabone (bosweu, tala le e khubelu) fapana bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ya matshwao tsamaya le na le meelelo e fapaneng.
• Hammoho le likotsi navigational, ha feela matšoao se etselitsoeng motero hantle 'me a ka hlaheloa ke kotsi le wrecks.

Association ea machaba ea boholong Lighthouse phethahatsa molao oa tsamaiso ya tsamaya ea likepe e name ka thuso ea mefuta e mehlano ea lipontšo tsa phaphametseng:

1. Lateral.
2. Cardinal.
3. E khethehileng.
4. A selekane.
5. Matšoao Fencing likotsi ka bomong.

matshwao lateral

Ho fapana le mefuta e latelang ya matshwao, lateral na le 'mala o bath, o phethahetseng bakeng sa libaka A le B. Kahoo, lateral sebakeng le lipontšo tse khubelu, le sebaka se B li penta e tala.

Ka morero oa ho le lithuso tsena tsamaya - tšoaea meeli ea tsela e tsamaeang. Bontšitse hammoho le longitudinal melatsoana, linokana le tse ling tse metsing le noka susumeletsa (e leng na le meeli ikemetseng) emetseng kotsi ho sephethephethe.

Lateral oona tsamaisong tsamaya matšoao litšoantšo e na le cylindrical kapa sebopeho conical.

Lateral matšoao fairway e entsweng ho latela molao-motheo oa ho se nepahetseng le se lehlakoreng le letšehali. Kahoo, ha re susumelletsa hore ka nģa ea leoatle, ka ho le letona na ke buoys kapa lifika le tala teng ka holimo a ea mokhabo holimo - triangolo (ka linako tse ling moralo e go tlaleletswa ke phatsimang mollo tala). Lehlakoreng le letšehali e bontšoa ke 'ea litšoantšo ka khutlonnetsepa le lefubedu le le e le mollo o mofubelu ka holimo.

matshwao lateral e sebelisoa, e seng feela ho totobatsa meeli ea leoatle le noka dithuto, empa le bakeng sa tsa karohano ya le kanaleng metsi e le hore re hlwaya pele. Kahoo, matšoao khubelu le e pharaletseng mola o motala fatše bohareng, le khoneha eketsehileng topmark (silindara) le khubelu mollo ne se tla bolela hore fairway ka sehloohong ka ho le letona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tala bohlokoa / hlasimolla le ka mola e khubelu le triangolo tala ka holim'a mollo 'me ba ba hlalosetsa e le letšoao la' nete ea hore fairway ka sehloohong - ka le letšehali.

matšoao mok'hadinale

tsamaiso ena ea matšoao a tsamaya e sebediswa ho bua ka likotsi le litšitiso le motsamao oa leoatle kapa noka lipalangoang, le boetse e bontša eo lehlakoreng ho o kgaoleditse kotsi eo.

Matšoao na columnar sebopeho bofifi le mosehla le dikhutlotharo tse peli ba batsho le ba ka linako tse ling le mollo o mosoeu ka holimo. Embodiments tokisetso ea metopa ba batsho le ba mosehla, le dikgutlotharo le hape li fapana ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa letšoao khōlō.

Ba beha ka lebaka la phihlello ya boemo ya kotsi ho itšetlehile ka lintlha tse ka sehloohong. Kahoo, mok'hadinale matšoao a arotsoe ka mefuta e 4: ka leboea (teng ka leboea ho kotsi), boroa (ho tloha South), West (bophirimela), bochabela (ho ea ka bochabela). Bona e mong oa bona, e leng mokhanni oa sekepe o lokela ho fumana kotsi lehlakoreng la khanya eo e ke thuso ho tsamaya. Ke hore, haeba ho na le ke boroa mok'hadinale ea matsoho, e ke ho hlokahala hore o kgaoleditse kotsi ho tloha lehlakoreng le ka boroa.

Matšoao ha morero oa khethehileng

Ho totobatsa libakeng tse itseng kapa lintho sebelisa matšoao khethehileng phaphametseng. Mehlala ea tšebeliso ea litlhaku khethehileng: sebaka sephethephethe karohano se lahlelang mobu, kabel kapa lipeipi dikgokelo, le libaka ntoa, e khutlontsi, lefelo la Gear ho tšoasa litlhapi, anchorages, joalo-joalo D.

Phaphametseng matšoao ka sebopeho leha e le efe, ha feela e momahaneng tsamaya tsamaiso e khopo ka tikoloho phelang metsing. matšoao bath tsa sehlopha sena sa mmala - mosehla, e sebediswa topmark leketla sefapanong mothinya kapa lengolo "X". Ka ho ba teng ha khanya pontšo tsona u ka bona leseli mosehla.

Palo ea matšoao a bonahatsa itšetlehile ka bohlokwa le boholo ba sebaka kapa Sepheo. Bakeng sa ntho e itseng e nyane e beha letšoao khethehileng bohareng ba Sepheo, 'me haeba u batla ho kgetha sebaka ka toka bohlokoa ke sebaka seo batho ba hlahang ka e khethehileng ka lebaka la pherimitha mosaletsa.

matšoao axial

Axial letšoao, kapa joalokaha ho bitsoa ka eona, e hloekileng letšoao metsi tsebisa navigator hore ke pota sebaka metsi Sepheo, sireletsehileng bakeng sa tsamaya, ka mantsoe a mang, ho bua ka fairway selekane le bontša 'nete hore ho batla ho bolokehile.

Tsamaiso tsamaya e kenyeletsa 3 IALA foromo axial matšoao: boemong, silindara, 'me nako ea bohlokoa. Barbotage e alternately lokisetsa hlobolisa paatsepama tsa mebala e le lefubedu le le tšoeu. Ka holimo ke holimo palo - e khubelu bolo le phatsimang khanya 'mala o mosoeu.

Matšoao Fencing likotsi motho

Ho kgetha itseng beha dintho ka tlas'a metsi tse kotsi ho sekepe fallisetseng, sebelisa ho sireletsa matšoao phaphametseng. lisebelisoa tsena tsamaya bolele hore mefuta e fapaneng ya le litšitiso tse feela ho toba tlas'a pontšo, 'me ho pota-pota' mele oa metsi a sireletsehileng bakeng sa motsamao oa leoatle le noka lipalangoang. Ho dihlopha tsa likotsi kgethile kenyeletsa: mafika ka tlas'a metsi, mesaletsa ea senyeletsa le, metsi a sa tebang.

navaid sehlopha emeloang lipalo columnar kapa sebopeho conical ka bophara botlaaseng (bilembo), taka o motsho le 'ngoe kapa ho feta metopa tshekaletseng khubelu. Hodimo palo - tse pedi o motsho bolo, lokisetsa e mong ka holimo ho tse ling.