Hloleha maraka

The moruo ea linaha tse ngata tsa lefatše li se tsoakaneng, eo ho eona mesebetsi taolo li etsoa ka 'marakeng ka boeona e,' me boemo ba. Ke 'maraka ho hloleha' me ba bang mabaka a Link fella ka ho ba le seabo boemo mafolofolo bophelo ba moruo dithulaganyo ka. 'muso leha e le ofe ka linako tsohle tsa histori tse kamehla a etsa mesebetsi ya moruo (pokello ea makhetho le mesebetsi, ho sireletsa thepa, mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa phallang chelete), empa feela lekholong la mashome a mabeli. mosebetsi le mosebetsi wa mmuso fetohile haholo. Mokga wa setjhaba ka maemo a moruo 'maraka e hlahisa karolo e itseng e khōlō ea sehlahisoa ea sechaba. 'muso o laola le thulaganyo ya moruo le kabobotjha tsa chelete e kenang. Market ho se phethahale ha ba atisa ho ama moruo kaofela le kaofela maraka mochine o khaotsa ho ba hlokomela kabo ea atlehang oa matlotlo a fapaneng sechabeng. E le hore ho thibela maqakabetsi ka boemong moruo, re lokela ho matlafatsa karolo ea puso ea ho laola boholo ba dithulaganyo tsa lona. Market hloleha - ke ho hloleha hae, ha hataketse mekgwa kaofela ha tshebetsong tloaelehileng ea moruo. Ena ho ka etsa hore mabaka a latelang:

• misallocation matlotlo;
• monopolization tsa moruo (tabeng ena busitse limmaraka le tlhōlisano e sa phethahalang) ;
• ho ho hloleha tsa 'maraka barupeluoa ba ho sireletsa tikoloho le paballo ea matlotlo trudnovosproizvodimyh;
• ho hloka thahasello 'maraka ho hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ya thepa ea sechaba;
• lekaneng kabo ea chelete;
• ho ba sieo ha mekgwa hore hlokomele liphello Link;
• tsitsang ntshetsopeleng ikonoming.

Ka boiteko ba ho fihlela e matla 'maraka moruo, boemo ba kena moruo le ho kenya tshebetsong mehato ya mehato moruo le tsa tsamaiso ho fana ka maemo ho fihlela ka sehloohong ikonoming maikemisetso. Fiasco - ena ke selelekela a puso molao oa tsamaiso ea dithulaganyo moruo. E o na le tsena tse latelang mesebetsi ya moruo:

• Ho etsa bonnete ba e hlokehang moralo wa molao, ho latela eo tsamaiso ea 'maraka e tla sebetsa ka tsela e atlehang. Kamohelo ea melao e sireletsang litokelo tsa thepa, ho laola likamano pakeng tsa mosebetsi o boima le bahiri, 'muso le bagwebi, hammoho le ho etsa bonnete hore a latele likonteraka ke senotlolo sa ho ea ka tšebetso e sebetsang hantle ya moruo. E tlamang, kahlolo e molemo, ea moshoelella ho barupeluoa ba bohle ka tshebetso ya ho molao e fana ka le monyetla oa bakeng sa batšoantšisi yohle ya ikonomi ho etsa lokolohile ho etsa khetho le moralo mesebetsi. Ke phethahatsa tšobotsi ena, 'muso o tlatsetsa phokotsong ea ditjeo kgwebisano, leng isang kabo sebetsang hantle ka ho fetisisa ea matlotlo;
• ho sireletsa tikoloho ka morero oa ho sireletsa tikoloho ho pholletsa le tikoloho batho;
• ho sireletsa tikoloho tlhōlisano. Ha fokotsa tlhōlisano le ho tsosa boemo ba monopolization ea limmaraka fokotsa katleho ya kabobotjha matlotlo, ea isang ho tahlehelo letlooa tsa setjhabeng kaofela. Ka lebaka lena, mmuso o e sebetsang-ba khahlanong le fehlweng leano, e leng e ikemiseditse ho thibela ho bōptjoa ha e ncha, 'me ho loantša monopolies teng. Ntoa e khahlanong le seo ho thoeng ke "monopolies maiketsetso" Ho tšoaroa hammoho le molao oa tsamaiso ea mekhatlo ea monopolies tsa tlhaho ;
• laola theko ka lihlopha tse itseng tsa thepa;
• lekanngwang bonyane maemo moputso, melemo, penchene, le compensations;
• netefatsa e itseng boemong ba tsa thuto le bophelo bo botle;
• tsitsisa le susumelletsa moruo;
• fetola kabo homolog matlotlo le thepa ea sechaba.

Market hloleha hangata e isang ho hlōleha ha puso ea. Sena se etsahala ha e ke ke ea netefatsa homolog kabobotjha tsa sechaba le tshebediso ya botlaaseng mohlodi fokolang. Ka lebaka lena, ho nka ba bang ba lokise mehato maraka ho hloleha, 'muso o lokela ho ka hloko hlokomela khoneha liphello tsohle tsa liketso tsa ho nkiloe le fetola ho ea ka boemo ba itseng ba lipolotiki le ba moruong ka har'a naha.