Behela "Beech": photos, a betsa telele. Litšobotsi tshebetso ya Sam "Buk"

Kajeno re tla tsepamisa maikutlo libetsa tse kang ka tsamaiso ea lerumo "Buk". Sehlooho sena se na le ha ho letho le ho se etsa le lipolotiking, kahoo re tla nahana ka lehlakoreng feela botekgeniki ya bothata. A re ke re leka ho utloisisa ho se hokae ka seo ke karolo ea ho intša propelled Army lerumo tsamaiso e khopo-ba khahlanong le lifofane, ho tloaela litšobotsi tse lona e etsoang ka maqiti le ho botekgeniki, a betsa mengata e fapaneng, ka mantsoe a mang, le bokhoni bohle ba eona. Ho joalo, re lema "Buk".

historing

Pele, u lokela ho etsa qeto ka eang teng ea tlhomamiso. Ho timetsoa ha liphofu aerodynamic fofang ka mahareng le tlaase bophahamong ka lebelo ho fihlela ho 830 limithara / set lao, tsamaisa ka overloads 12 le 'ngoe' me ka e leng sebaka sa km 30. Ho latela liqeto tsa USSR le ho CPSU Komiti Central ka January 13, 1972 'me a qala ntshetsopeleng lona. Amehang kopanetsweng ona ke jwa le bahlahisi, ea ileng a kenya letsoho ho bōptjoa pele ho moo Sam "modisekwere, seraro". Ka nako e tšoanang re ile ba khethoa hore ba be e rarahaneng M-22, o bitsoa "Leholiotsoana" bakeng sa Navy, sebelisa rockets, ka botlalo e tsamaisanang le "Buk".

ke jwa

E le ke jwa di khetholloa: Institute of ditlabelwa le Research le Design Association, e leng o na le lebitso "Fazotron" Lipatlisiso. Rastov A. A. o ile a khetheloa moqapi mookameli oa rarahaneng ka. Pele ho play loading tlhomamiso ileng ba bōptjoa ka boenjiniere le KB "Qala", moo le moeta-pele e ne e le Yaskin A. I. crawler, momahane tsa mechine e rarahaneng, ntshetswa pele ho Mytishchi mochini-na le mohaho dimela, e neng e eteletsoe pele ke Astrov N. A. 9M38 metsu fuwe mosebetsi wa ho hlahisa Sverdlovsk ICD "Innovator". seteishene sa bonoa le, ya e le hantle, tobisitsweng ho "Dome" o ne a bōpiloe ka Institute ea lekanyang le liletsa sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng ba Lekala la Radio. E le hore ba "Buk" e ka ba ka botlalo tshebetso, e ntshetswa pele sephutheloana mehaho le tšehetso botekgeniki ka cheisi. Ho phethoa ea mohato tsa go baakanyetsa e se rerile bakeng sa kotara ea bobeli ea 1975.

fetola merero

Qeto ya USSR le CPSU Komiti Central ea 22 May 1974, ka lebaka la hore ho hlokahala bakeng sa e potlakang ho matlafatsa moeeng tshireletso likarohano armored le eketseha raka, athe "modisekwere, seraro", eo e leng karolo ea karohano, o ile a laela ho bopa e rarahaneng "Beech" ka mekhahlelo e 'meli. Pele ho tsohle ho ne ho hlokahala hore ka potlako ho ntshetsa pele e laoloa metsu-ba khahlanong le lifofane le mollo intša propelled rarahaneng, eo ka matha 9M38 metsu, hammoho le 3M9M3 o teng rarahaneng "Kub-M3". Ka nako eo motheong oo hona re ne re ka bopa ka "Buk" - lerumo tsamaiso ea molokong o mong ka le lecha. 'Me ka September 1974 ho etsa bonnete ba ho ba le seabo lona litekong kopanetsoeng. Empa ho sa tsotellehe sena, ka nako e neng e behiloeng ne botlalo tsamaelanang le.

Mollo intša propelled sethunya 9A38

Ho ile mounted ka cheisi ea GM-569, 'me ke ka unit trust e le' ngoe kopanya mesebetsi ya intša propelled Pu Ke Surnov sebelisitsoeng kateng ka "Kub-M3". Bōpiloe tlhomamiso 9A38 fana batla boleng ka lefapha la bo itseng, o etsa phumano le nkhape morago ga moo e ba liphofu tsa latedisa jarolla ka ho iketsa. e boetse e rarolla ka bothata pele qalong, ho qala 'me tse tharo homing metsu, tse neng li fumaneha ka eona, le ba bang ba bararo metsu 3M9M3-tataisoang tswa ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo le eena 2P25M3 Pu. Mollo sethusathuto ka sebelisoa le ka Surnov le autonomously. boima ba sona e - boima ba lithane tse 34. E ne e ena Sam "Buk" oa: Radar 9s35; Digital dikhomphiutha tsamaiso e khopo; optically a thelevishene reticle; starter le kganna matla servo; radar fatše ntlhomang lipotso, ea sebetsang ka "Password"; thepa le SPU le Surnov; le khase turbine jenereithara; thepa dikamano, sebopego sa naga ankora le tsamaya; bophelo-mekgwatshebetso ya tshehetso e.

Mosebetsi radar 9S35

Ho hlalosa nako e tsoela pele e khōlō ka ho bōptjoa ha quartz le phetha molao filtara e se e fihlile, lisebelisoeng microwave e dijitale dikhomphiutha mechine eo o ile a lumella ka ho radar 9S35, karolo ea e rarahaneng "Beech", kopanya mesebetsi ea liteishene tsa khanya, phumano le shebiloeng latedisa. Ho sebelisoa mechine e 'meli - pulse length le tsokoang e tsoelang pele, o ile a ba ile ba sebetsa ka disentimitara wavelength telele. fetisang mong ho lemoha le ho Track tsa hlaseloa, e mong - backlit lipakane le laoloa-ba khahlanong le lifofane metsu. Antenna oona tsamaisong phenyang mafapha matšoao electromechanical fumanoa ka sebetsana phethile ya khomphuta ya hao e bohareng. 9S35 phetoho eo, e le karolo ea Sam "Buk" ho tloha mokgwa wa standby e ka ntoa e ne e le metsotsoana e ka tlase ho mashome a mabeli. merero ea lebelo o ne a ikemiselitse ka ho nepahala ha 10 -20 limithara / s, ka tsela eo ho etsa bonnete ba ba khetha ho boemong ba ho tsamaea. .. Phoso: RMS ka lekanya angular hokahanya ne 0.5 g, ka palo e kahodimodimo ea ka mefuta e fapaneng - limithara tse 175. seteishining sa e sirelelitsoe tsohle mafolofolo, hlakanywa le bohlasoa.

Anti-lifofane lerumo 9M38

Lata ena, e leng karolo ea Sam "Buck" o ne a etsa kōpo ea enjene tiileng-kopanetsoe-mokgwa wa. Ka lebaka la ho rarahana ha meepo tlohela tšebeliso ea pheleu. Ho phaella moo, ho na le ho hanyetsa phahameng ho tse ling, likarolo haholo etseng letho la tsela 'me ka hlaha ka lehlakoreng le phahameng la tlhaselo e ne e sa tsitsang ka ho tshebetso. Ka mabaka ana, ho ne ho bōptjoa bophelo ile sitisa Sam "modisekwere, seraro". lerumo sekemeng ne ho tloaelehile, maemo a, X-e bōpehileng joaloka, ho ba le tlaase karolo e karo-karolelano lepheo. Ka chebo ea mahlo ponahalo ea lona tšoana le sekepe-ba khahlanong le lifofane metsu malapa a "tartar" le "Standard" etsoa USA ka ho latelwa feletseng le meeli e ka boholo bakeng sa Soviet Navy. Ka pel'a 9M38 behoa liletsa autopilot, semiactive GMN, warhead le phepo e nepahetseng. Ho ne ho se na likarolo Lata, arola ka sefofane, bolelele ba eona - limithara tse 5.5 go, le bophara ba - 400 limilimithara, tsamaisoa fiela - 860 millimeters. Ho ile a hlomelloa ka homing hlooho, e neng oona tsamaisong ya taolo ya ho kopantswe le tshebediso ya tsamaya tekanyo e lekanang. "Beech" - lerumo tsamaiso e khopo ho ba le Lata joalo - ka otla liphofu tse fofang ka bophahamong tloha limithara tse 25 ho ea ho 20 000 le mefuta e fapaneng ya tse tharo le halofo ho 32 km SE, lebelo lona - 1000 limithara / set lao. Lerumo ne a ena le boima ba lik'hilograma 685, ho kopanyelletsa le tse 70 lik'hilograma warhead.

tlhomamiso teko "Beech"

Behela "Buk" ho tloha August 1975 ho fihlela qetellong ea October le hlahlamang, ka 1976, ho fetile liteko puso. O ile a etella bona Bimbash PES, 'me ba ne ba phetha ka naheng ea Emba khutlontsi. Joalokaha u ka bona, ho hlongoa "Buk" (photo photo photo photo ea hae emetsweng phuputso e entsoeng ka) le ne le ena: Surnov 1S91M3, mollo tlhomamiso 9A38, bokaholimo-to-moea lerumo 3M9M3 le 9M38, ba ikhopolang ho propelled Pu 2P25M3 le tlhokomelo ya metjhini. Ka lebaka leo, ba bang ba ka diphetolo entsoeng: mefuta e fapaneng ya liroala-nkhoana bonoa ne km 21-35 ka bophahamong tlaase, lifofane - 32-41 km SE. Nako lerumo lonthja ho tloha mehleng ea shebiloeng ba bonoa e ne e le metsotsoana e 24-27. Lefisa nako le tjhajolla - metsotso e robong. Hlōloa lifofane lerumo 9M38 ile a fana ka: ho e leng sebaka sa 3,5-20,5 km SE - ka e bophahamong ba limithara tse fetang 3000, 5-15,5 km SE - ka ba bolelele ba limithara tse 30. Sebakeng se amehileng ka 'nete hore paramethara ne tsa 18.5 km le bophahamo - ho tloha 30 limithara ho 14,5 km SE. Kgonego ya tshenyo mollo - 0,70-0,93 ha a qala ho tsamaea ka koloi. Ka 1978, ho dimela "Buk-1" ( "modisekwere, seraro-M4") o ile a kenngoa tšebeletso.

Features "Buck", taelo ea poso

Re hona joale tseba lintlha tse ngata mabapi le ho nkoa hlometseng. Ho nako ea ho sehlopha ka ho fetisisa tsa motheo tsa sebakeng se seng ka. Ho joalo, re na le rarahaneng "Beech". Litšobotsi tsa lona ntoa thepa latelang. 9S470 - taelo ea poso mounted ka GM-579 - fana ka e bontshiweng, baeti ba fihlelang ho le ho e lokisa ya data yohle, ho tloha liteishene tobisitsweng ho le bonoa, hammoho le tse tsheletseng 9A310 - mollo intša propelled diyuniti. O fana ka kgetho ya liphofu tshwanelanang kotsi le ho li aba bona e loketseng ka mekhoa pukwanana le jarolla ka ho iketsa pakeng tsa a betsa diyuniti intša propelled, phethile mosebetsi ba mafapha le boikarabelo ba le tse ngata mesebetsing e meng ea bohlokoa. Rarahaneng "Beech", ka lebaka la pukwanana e, e sebetsa e metle ha u sebelisa metsu khahlanong radar le tshitiso. Team ntho ea 46 a ka sebetsa liphofu ka e bophahamong ba limithara tse 20,000 ka libaka e nang le radius ea 100 000 m. Ho shebiloeng bontšang tse tsheletseng ntshitsweng ka seteishene sa potoloho ea tlhahlobo. lithane tse 28 - boima ba 'mele oa kp, fuoa basebetsi ba tšeletseng.

tobisitsweng le phumano seteishene "Dome"

Re tsoela pele ho bua ka seo ba semela "Buk". Features "Dome" - ho ba sethaleng latelang la ho nahanela lona. seteishene ena e na le toloki ea elektronike ka anthivaerase ka bophahamo ba lefapha la 30-40 likhato le e potolohang phetha molao oa ka lenakana le bakeng sa azimuth fanoeng. Morero oa 9S18 - ba bonoa 'me boitsebiso ba liphofu moeeng a sa le bophahamong ba limithara tse 30 ho isa ho 45,5 km le, ka e leng sebaka sa km 120. Ka mor'a moo, ka boemo ba litaba moea e fetisoa ho gearbox 9S470. Ho itšetlehile ka tshitsiso sete-lefapha la le ho fumaneha ea sekhahla ho shebella lekana le metsotsoana 5-18 ka tlhahlobo circumferential le metsotsoana 2.5-4.5 ha lefapha la tlhahlobo la likhato tse 30. Fetisetsa fumana lesedi telecode mola nakong tlhahlobo, ke metsotsoana 4.5, ka tjhelete e ya 75 matshwao. Ho ne a etselitsoe le tshireletso ya tshusumetso, a arabela, tshielano pulse length tshitiso. Hape, ho sa tsotellehe ho ba teng ha lerata le sireletsang hore e iphumanela ho lutse ka e bophahamong ba limithara tse le 5000 moloaneli. "Dome", e le karolo ea-ba khahlanong le lifofane rarahaneng "Beech", le eena, a ne e ena le e rotator, seteishene manakana a sa, ka lenakana Tracking sesebediswa, sesebediswa e amohelang molaetsa, sesebediswa hasang le litsamaiso tse ling. Ba le boemong bo malala seteisheneng ka metsotso e mehlano fetisoa ho tloha ho tsamaea ho tloha boikarabelo ba ka - ka metsotsoana e 20.

Ho se tšoane a betsa ditlhomo 9A310 le 9A38

Ka lekhetlo la pele tlhomamiso ea bobeli ( "Beech-1"), tšoauoa ka hore buisana ka mela telecode ha ho intša propelled le Pu 2P25M3 Surnov 1S91M3, 'me le ROM 9A39 le taelo ea poso 9S470. 9A310 ne a boetse a e mene 9M38 laoloa metsu-ba khahlanong le lifofane ka sesebediswa lona a simolla, ho ena le tse tharo. tjhaja lona ile phethahatsoa bakeng sa metsotso e 12 le halofo ho tloha ROM le metsotso e 16 - ho tloha dithepa koloi lipalangoang. Weight - boima ba lithane tse 32,4, ho akarelletsa le batho ba bane ba loana basebetsi. Bophara ba mollo intša propelled - limithara tse 3,25, bolelele - kotika 9.3, m, le bophahamo - limithara tse a 3.8. A re bone hore ho feta ya seo ke karolo e rarahaneng "Beech". Ka photo photo photo photo ena, re tla, joaloka kamehla.

9A39 - qala-play loading tlhomamiso

ROM ena e se e kentsoe ka cheisi ea GM-577. morero oa oona - polokelo le lipalangoang tsa laoloa metsu-ba khahlanong le lifofane - likotoana robeli, ba bane ba bona ba ne ba ka housings tsitsitseng, e mene - ka sesebediswa ho qala. e boetse e ne a rerile bakeng sa tlhomelo ya metsu e mene, ka ho eketsehileng ho intša ho palamisa ba le lodgements, morago ga moo e ho intša qosoa robeli rockets tloha phano koloi lipalangoang. Kahoo, "Beech" - lerumo tsamaiso, eo kopanya mesebetsi ya Pu ROM intša propelled pele ho moo rarahaneng "modisekwere, seraro" le TPM. E ne e akarelletsa: qalisa sesebediswa ka latedisa actuator, lodgements, pompo ea ditsitithale dikhomphiutha thepa mochini telecode lipuisanong ho tsamaea leoatleng, tlama sebopeho sa naha, diyuniti matla le phepelo matla. Unit boima - boima ba lithane tse 35,5, ho akarelletsa le bo manolotsoeng li tharo, litekanyo: bophara - limithara tse 3.316, bolelele - limithara tse 9,96, 'me bophahamo ba - limithara tse a 3.8.

Menyetla Sam "Buk"

rarahaneng ena ne ntoa e phahameng, Link le tshebetso e bapisoa le "sekotwaneng-M4" le "modisekwere, seraro-M3" mehahong. Ha esita le feela ho sheba se ho hlongoa "Buck" foto ea matsoho a hae, mang kapa mang ea tla utloisisa kaofela matla a eona, e leng feela:

1. Good tšepahala shebiloeng ba bonoa e loketseng ha e le hantle hore hlophisa tlhahlobo'moho le sebaka tse ba potolohileng le ho propelled tse tsheletseng a betsa le tobisitsweng ho le seteishene sa bonoa.
2. Tsoa hong ho lipakane tseo tse tšeletseng, a betsa battalion, 'me, haeba ho hlokahala,' me o ile a sebelisa ntle ho mollo diyuniti intša propelled - tshebetso ho fihlela ho mision tse tsheletseng ikemetseng ntoa.
3. tšireletso ea matla khahlanong le tshitsiso ka tšebeliso ea karate ya khomphuta ya hao homing hlooho le khethehileng mofuta khanya pontšo.
4. Ka lebaka la ho matla a eketsehileng tsa Sam (warhead lona) - e phahameng haholo bokgoni ba ho timetsoa ha liphofu tse fofang.

bofello

Ke modelling le teko diphetho, ho ne ho etsa qeto ea hore ho sehela mefuta e fapaneng ya ho thunya "Buck" - tloha km 3 ho 25 ka ba bolelele ba km ho fihlela ho 18 le ho potlakisa ho 800 limithara / s. Tabeng ena e fana ka liphofu tse ka boleng tlhaselo hore ha ba tsamaisa. Kgonego ya hlōloa ne 0.7-0.8 ha a betsa ka lerumo tataisoang le 'nete hore ho beha ho km 18. Haeba ka morero oa ho ho laola, ho mo bolaea. kgonego ke tse 0.6. Ka matsoho a moea mabotho tshireletso rarahaneng "Beech" e amohetsweng ka 1980. Ho tloha ka nako eo, ka makhetlo a mangata o atlehe modernization lona, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ntoa le tšireletseho.