Bayonet - ke eng see? Nikon F thabeng

Bayonet - ke lebitso la saense la lense eketseha bakeng sa photo photo photo photo le thepa video. E ka 'na tsamaiso fastening kapa seboka se khethehileng, tseo ka tsona khamera o palame lense. Isang lik'hamphani hlahisa lik'hamera, ba ntshetswa pele ho finyella litekanyetso tsa bona tsa lihlopha, kahoo hangata bayonet la ho ema 'ngoe e sa lumellane le tse ling. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le tsamaiso ditekanyetos le lisebelisoa tse eketsehileng (mohlala, adaptara-bayonet) bakeng sa optics tlhomamiso tloha lifeme fapaneng. The mefuta e atileng ka ho fetisisa ba bayonets: Nikon F, Canon EF le Sony E.

F bayonet tsa "Nikon"

Le tsoelo-pele ea ho nka lifoto, ho ile ha hlaka hore optics ipolela, ka thata-thata amanang le unit trust matlo, ha ba khone ho ea kopana le mehopolo ea pōpo ea litsebi. tharollo e ile ha fumanoa tshebediso ya le lilense fapanyetsana. Khampani Nikon e ba e mong oa ba pele ba ho kenyelletsa tekanyetso fixation ya le lilense ntshuwang. Bayonet mofuta, hlahiswa ka 1959, khampani "Nikon" ke bayonet releasable mabapi sebelisoa ho hokela k'hamera 35mm ( 'mele) le lense.

Lilense le tsamaiso pele F-bayonet sebelisoa haholo ho fihlela ka 1977, a e-s'o ile a hlaha e tsamaisanang le mofuta elements AI. Esita le mehleng ea kajeno le lilense Nikon ka sebelisoa le mofuta sesebediswa F le sebetsa ntle le lik'hamera ba baholo, le hoja ho hlongoa e ka hloka tse nyenyane lintlafatso phetha molao feela.

Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa

Bayonet - ke sesebediswa bonolo. E le hore ho hokela lense ho mofuta khamera F, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho ka letsoho go tsepanya ka nngeleng sa boqapi ba lense le tsamaiso tendril metering, eo e tiisitsoe boemong f e / 5,6 diaphragm. Hamorao lilense tsa mofuta ona ba boetse ba bitsoa pele ho AI le batho bao e seng AI.

sebeletsana

Lilense Nikon F bayonet-mofuta mosebetsi o motle le lik'hamera tsa sejoale-joale tsohle Nikon bonyane ka letsoho khetha mokgwa wa kgahlamelo ya maqhubu a, haholo-holo haeba ho fetoloa bona bakeng sa sebeletsana le thabeng AI. Tabeng ena ea mekhoa tshebetso lesoba etelletsa pele e tla itšetleha ka ea mohlala khamera. Matrix metering hloka ntlafatso khethehileng eketseha, kahoo hangata ha se sebetse ka lilense tsena, esita le haeba ba ne ba qeta ho fihlela ho tekanyetso AI.

moralo Features

Se tloha lilense hlomelloa le Nikon F bayonet eketseha tsamaiso, khampani o ile a sebelisa mochine oa diaphragm jarolla ka ho iketsa. Ke hore, karolo ena ke kamehla bulehileng ha u tsamaisa e bua haholo le e koaloa feela ka motsotsoana pele motsotso ya photographing. Ka setšoantšo sena ka ho 'viewfinder ha fifala' me ha a sitisa tataiso, esita le haeba lesale lesoba le fetoletsoe boemong ba koetsoeng. Structurally, sena se o ile a hlokomela ka mokgwa wa ea Lever hahiloeng ka khamera sehlaha, ea theohang pele setšoantšo. Lense Ho lokolloa Lever mong eo le tlas'a khatello ea selemo koala e le di-blades diaphragm.

Nikon bayonet mofuta AI

AI (jarolla ka ho iketsa Indexing) - e ntafaditsweng phetolelo ea pele thabeng Nikon F - ile sisintsweng ka 1977. Fans sehlahisoa "Nikon" emetse tsamaiso e ntlafalitsoeng e lumella lilense fapanyetsana ka lebelo. Ka linako tse ling tsoileng matsoho oa litšoantšo mediocre arola metsotswana e mmalwa lahlehileng, sentse nako ka lense Phetolo. Le fotogigant hlahiswa ka lense e ncha thabeng. Ena moralo streamlined hore lumelloa ho beha lense le e 'ngoe eo ke sisinyehang ka letsoho,' me ha senya nako ka ho kenela lesoba lesale la karolo e-index.

Ha sebelisoa ka lik'hamera tsa sejoale-joale AI-lilense ka sebetsa ka mekhoa tse kang pukwana (M) le lesoba etelletsa pele (A) tlhokomelo le ho pepesehela lethebanyana kapa boithati. Ba bang ba lik'hamera ka boela ho sebediswa popeho metering.

Lilense khale mofuta (F) Ho bonolo haholo ho fetoloa tshebetso ka eketseha AI, eo Lever amang phaposing bayonet, buisana boemo ba diaphragm lesale.

dipopontshwa

Ho ne ho lebeletsoe hore le popontshwa se seholo ke ho thehoa ha levers phetha molao tseo o lokela ho tsebisa ka kamoreng ea bolelele tsepamiso tsa lense. Litsebi etsa tlhahiso ea hore e ncha "Nikon" khamera tla ka tsela e itseng a sebelisa boitsebiso boo. Empa ntlafatswa thabeng e sa ameha. The bayemi tsoela tsela tse ling: ho le lilense morao-rao e fetisetsa boitsebiso elektronike. Mokhoa ona e ile ea e-ba theko e tlaase haholo le ka tšeptjoang haholoanyane. AI-lilense tse hona joale rekisa bakeng sa haufi le ha ho letho le, le hoja ba di a hanyane tlaasana ho morao-rao AI-S (ka mohlala, ha ba na le lenaneo kgaoletsang).

Soviet Union le Ukraine khamera le lilense

Ka naha ea USSR 'me Ukraine ba 35 limilimithara lik'hamera le lilense tse tsamaisanang le thabeng Nikon AI, e lokolotsoeng fektheri Kiev "Arsenal". Har'a lik'hamera ba ne ba ka tsela e latelang:

• "Kiev-17";
• "Kiev-20";
• "Kiev-19";
• "Kiev-19M";
• 'Musi oa Arsat lilense.

Bayonet mofuta Nikon AI-'s

Ena ke eona nako e tlang ka ho iphetola ha lintho ba le lilense ntshuwang. Joalo sesebediswa sa e sebelisoa le kajeno. Ke AI ho bonolo ho lahla ho itseng lekaneng neckline ka bayonet e fumaneha ka chromed lesale tekanyo e botebo tsa naha (ka AI ba batsho holim'a) sebelisoa lamunu pente tšoaea mokoting o kenyang bonyane.

Lengolo «S» bolela hore coefficient tsa guttate koaloa diaphragm ama deflection tsa diaphragm-pontshi Lever ho bayonet ena. Ka lebaka la ho le popontshwa ka likamore autofocus sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng lesoba go lekanya e haholo e ile ea eketseha. Ntlafatso sena ha se bohlokoa bakeng sa dikai le taolo pukwanana.

Sebeletsana le mefuta e fetileng

• All AI-S-lilense lumellana le AI-le lilense.
• All AF, AF-ke le AF-S-lilense boetse ho na le e tsamaisanang le bayonet AI-S.
• All AI-S-lilense sebetsa ka "SLR» Nikon bonyane ka mokgwa wa pukwanana.
• Fetisisa SLR "Nikon", ho akarelletsa le tsa digital, le khona ho sebetsa ka mokgwa wa lesoba etelletsa pele, ntle ho tse 'maloa a maqheka boemo ba tsenwe.

Pele u rera ho reka, ho bala ditaelo mosebedisi ya khamera, eo e dula e fuoa tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le tšehetso ea mefuta e itseng ea lilense.

Bayonet-mofuta P

molao-motheo ona lebasetere ile hlahiswa ka 1988 ka ho khetheha bakeng sa handheld lilense telefoto hore Nikon ne ho ka sebetsa boemo ho fihlela nako e joalo ka nako e telele-a tsitsinkela AF-lilense se fumana kabo boima. Ka nako eo, molemo ka ho fetisisa "avtofokusnikami" ea mohlala ka entsprechen ne 300 limilimithara f e / 2 Phato.

Nikon lense lokolloa hanyane mofuta P. E mong oa bona 500mm f e / 4 P (1988); 1200-1700 limilimithara f e / 5,6-8,0 P ED; 45mm f e / 2,8 P.

Le lilense tse pukwanana mofuta P AI-S eketsa ka mabitso a mang 'maloa tsa elektronike bayonet AF. Mokhoa ona o etsa hore ho khonehe ho sebelisa popeho metering mokgwa wa hore e feela hlaha ka lik'hamera le autofocus.

Bayonet-mofuta AF

Nikon lense autofocus AF (ntle AF-ke le AF-S) hlohlelletsoa ka sharpness ka lebaka la ho ba chenchana tsa dilenaneo ka kamoreng e le e fetisitswe ka mochine o khethehileng ka ho lense ntshuwang. Lifoto e mochine joalo bitsoa "screwdriver". Joale tsamaiso ena e shebahala khale bapisoa ho Canon oona tsamaisong autofocus, empa jwalo moralo lumelloa morao ka 1980 ho boloka sebeletsana feletseng le lilense neavtofokusnymi. All sesebediswa autofocus (ho akarelletsa le AI-S) sebetsa ka ho phethahetseng bakeng sa likamore neavtofokusnyh. Leha ho le joalo, lisebelisoa tse se tšehetsang AI, a ntse a hloka ntshetsopeleng eketsehileng.

Bayonet-mofuta AF-N

AF-kgetho ya N ile a kenyelletsa feela e le hore ba khetholle se lilense letoto la lihlooho tse AF li tloha bacha. Ka mor'a ho lokolloa ha pele "Nikon» AF-lilense ke etsa qeto ea hore ho ba le thekenoloji joalo mosebedisi-ba botsoalle, ha ho e mong o tla nka litšoantšo ka mokgwa wa pukwanana. Ka hona, pele AF-lilense ne a hlomelloa le tšesaane phutholoha pukwanana tsepamisa lesale, tseo tšebeliso e ne e hoo e batlang e ke ke ha khoneha. Leha ho le joalo, ho ile ha fumaneha hore lifoto khetha se molemo khale lohle rubberized a tsitsinkela lesale. Ka lebaka leo, baenjiniere ba khutla ba khutlisetsa lilense autofocus le bitsa diphetolo le lecha AF-N. lilense morao-rao ba a hlomelloa le phutholohile ho lebisa tlhokomelo lesale, kahoo AF-N notation bakeng sa bona e ha e sa sebelisoa.

Bayonet-mofuta AF-D

Lilense ka sehlopha sena ho ea ka "bohlale" ba hole khamera ka eo ba neng ba amehile. Theoretically, maemong a itseng, e lokela ho thusa tsamaiso ea popeho metering ho fumana hore na ho pepesehela mokhoa o nepahetseng haholoanyane, haholo-holo ha u sebelisa le halima. Empa liketso, bayonet AF-D e na ho feta tsa mebaraka boleng feta sebetsang. Ho feta moo, AF-D teng ha a ka ba ha etsa hore e boikemisetso ba fosahetseng ba pepesehela ha halima le popeho (filimi) ke ka sebaka se fapaneng le taba ena.

ho lebisa tlhokomelo lebelo le na letho ho etsa le ho ba teng kapa ho ba sieo ha tšehetso AF-D lense thabeng. Ho feela ho feta le lilense tse ncha, ka hona ba sebetsa ka potlako ho feta pele ho tsa bona. All AF-D-le lilense, hammoho le AF le AI-S, mosebetsi o motle ka likamore neavtofokusnyh.

Canon EF

Bayonet - ho ke ke ha bo khethehileng ba khopolo khamphani ya "Nikon". lik'hamphani tse ling li boetse e ntshetswa pele tsamaiso e khopo ea bona ea fapanyetsana lense thabeng. The qothisana lehlokoa le eena ka ho sa feleng - khampani Canon - hape e tsebahalang ka ho mefuta e nahanela ea thabeng dibopeho. Ka nako eo, ha Nikon khothalletsa tsamaiso e khopo AI-S, «Canon» hlahiswa e lense babatsehang thabeng EF.

Canon bayonet hlaha ka lekhetlo la pele ka EOS khamera 650 ka 1987, ha khampani qala letoto autofocus SLR k'hamera. elements Sena ke e fapaneng ea lithaka, haholo-holo ho ba teng ha mabitso a mang motlakase, eo ho eona lense ya taolo ya lesedi e fetisoe joang. Ka EF ho eketseha le ho phetha molao feela iris e laola, ho ka koloi AF le ba bang ba thepa tse ding lahloa kherehloa. Hamorao, bo tšoanang le tlhahiso taolo le sebelisitsoe ka Olympus Four-borarong tsamaiso.

Canon EF-S

EF-S kgetho fana ka e khutsoanyane bolelele ho tloha ka morao tsa lense ho kutlo setšoantšo. Ke mokhoa o sa fellang e lumellana le EF tekanyetso e le lilense EF thabeng ka sebelisoa ka lisele tse ka EF bayonet le EF-S.

Bayonet lik'hamphani E Sony

E-thabeng ke cha kamano "Sony" bakeng sa ntshetsopele ya le lilense tsa lik'hamera mirrorless Alpha NEX letoto la lihlooho tse lik'hamera le NXCAM. Ena ke ntshetsopeleng ka toka tsa morao tjena, hlahiswa ka 2010 'me a kenngwa tshebetsong ka lekhetlo la pele ka Sony α letoto la lihlahisoa (NEX-3 lik'hamera, -5). Tšobotsi e sa bayonet tsamaiso e khopo mabapi E ke desyatikontaktny segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo ditsitithale.

Bayonet le index "E" le sebelisitsoe ka mirrorless kompaktkamerah hlomelloa le matrices, e ikhethang boleng setšoantšo ka boemo ba "SLR". Ka nako SLR k'hamera "Sony" A baenjiniere bayonet sebelisa ho molemo ka ho fetisisa fapanyetsana lense oona tsamaisong liipone semitransparent. Litsamaiso tse peli li fapana ka boholo le flange ntle tse hlahang moralo. Sena se hole ho tswa ho sefofane tsepamiso (popeho) ho ea qetellong ea lense. Ka SLR lik'hamera le lense drive arola seiponeng, kahoo e khōlō sebetsa hole e fumana, eketsa 'meleng boholo fapanyetsana lense. Bakeng sa disebediswsa bayonet E seiponeng e sa hlokahala, kahoo lense e bobebe haholo le ho feta diseke ee.

Sebeletsana le lihlahisoa ho tloha baetsi ba bang

Ho makala ha ba bayemi e Japanese ba ne ba sa latele tsela ea lona, 'me o ile a khetha leqheka la pepeneneng. Features ya ntshetsopele ya bokgoni ena, e le Sony E bayonet, lumella ho hlahisa adapters khethehileng hore hokela lense le hoo e ka bang lihlopha leha e le morao-rao ho tswa ho lik'hamphani tse latelang:

• pentax;
• olympus;
• Nikon;
• leica;
• Hasselblad;
• Exakta;
• Minolta AF;
• Canon EF;
• contarex;
• Contax;
• Rollei;
• Dikokwanyana 4: 3;
• Threaded T-thabeng, C mofuta, M39 × 1, M42 × 1 le ba bang.

Ka 2011, khampani o ile a bula ka sesebediswa ho khetheha tse kang Sony lense thaba, e leng ho lumella hore lik'hamphani boraro-mokha oa ho hlahisa lilense bona tlasa khamera Japanese.

bofello

Ka chebo ea mahlo, lense thaba ha ka botsebi rarahaneng kaho. Leha ho le joalo, ho unit trust etsa mesebetsi 'maloa tsa bohlokoa. E lumella hore o fetola mefuta ya le lilense ho itšetlehile ka mesebetsi entseng, le moralo bohlale, ea ka lebelo le ho feta e loketseng ke optics Phetolo. The bohlokoa mosebetsi bobeli - ho fetiswa ha lesedi ditsitithale liseleng morao-rao ka ho mabitso a mang motlakase ka lense le bayonet e lumellang lense le khamera e tsamaisanang ho fumana palo e kahodimodimo lifoto boleng kapa livideo.