Bao e seng lera organelles ea lisele: mefuta e, sebopeho, mosebetsi

Phoofolo lisele tse, dimela le li-fungus bopilwe likarolo ka sehloohong tse tharo: e leng lero la mali lera, khubu le cytoplasm. Libaktheria fapana bona hobane e ha a na motheo, empa ba ne ba boetse ba le lera le cytoplasm.

Joang cytoplasm?

Sena ke e le karolo ea ka hare ea sele eo ho eona e ka ba hlaheletseng hyaloplasm (mokelikeli mahareng), le ho organelles (organelle). Inclusions - ka sebopeho bao e seng kamehla ka seleng, eo ha e le hantle ba emela marotholi kapa limatlafatsi kristale Phetolo. Organelles - ka sebopeho sa feleng. E le ea 'mele ea ka sehloohong tshebetso diyuniti ke' mele, kahoo ka gorole ka mesebetsi tsohle tse ka sehloohong tse e etsoang ke organelles.

Lera le batho bao e seng lera organelles ea lisele

Pele arotswe odnomembrannye le dvumembrannye. Feela a ho qetela tse peli - e 's mitochondria le chloroplasts. Ke odnomembrannym kenyeletsa lysosomes, sethusathuto Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum (endoplasmic reticulum), vacuoles. About organelles bao e seng lera, re tla bua ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane sehloohong sena.

Bao e seng lera organelles ya sebopeho seleng ea ka

Tsena li akarelletsa ribosomes, setsing seleng e le cytoskeleton thehoa microtubules le microfilaments. Hape sehlopheng sena ba ne ba ka nkoa e le organelles mokhatlo oa ena ke phelang le 'ngoe-e nang le sele, hammoho le lisele tse e motona ho kopanela liphate ea liphoofolo. A re ke re sheba ka taelo ea organelles bao e seng lera ya lisele tse, sebopeho bona le mosebetsi.

Ke seo ribosome?

Sena bao e seng lera organelles ea lisele, e akarelletsa ho ribonucleoproteins. sebopeho bona e akarelletsa likarolo tse peli (subunits). E mong oa bona ke tse nyenyane e 'ngoe - tse khōlō. Phomotse, ba ba fapaneng. Di amanang ha ribosome qala ho sebetsa.

Ea kopana le organelles bao e seng lera ea lisele tsa tswakana protheine. E leng, bakeng sa phetolelo thulaganyou e - ikopanya-amino acid tse ketane polypeptide ka odara itseng, lintlha tse qaqileng tsa e kopitsoa tloha DNA ho mRNA le tlalehiloeng.

Size ribosomes e mashome a mabeli nanometers. palo ea organelles tsena ka hare ho sele ka 'na ea fihla ho fihlela ho tse mashome a' maloa tse likete tse likotoana.

Ka eukaryotes, ribosomes ba hyaloplasm, le ka holim 'a kaba endoplasmic reticulum. Ba ne ba boetse ba le teng ka organelles dvumembrannyh: ho mitochondria le chloroplasts.

cytocentrum

organelle ena e entsoe ka centrosome, e leng e pota-potiloe ke tsentrosferoy. Centrosome akarelletsa ho centrioles tse peli - letho ka hare ho silindara entsoe ka microtubules. Tsentrosfera na le extending ho tloha bohareng radially microtubules lisele. Hape, ho e entsoe ka linaleli lipakeng le microfibrils.

setsi sa Cell etsa mesebetsi tse kang sebopeho sa leakage radiation mitotic. O e boetse e le setsi sa ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa microtubules.

Mabapi le mohaho lik'hemik'hale tsa organelle ena, ntho mantlha ke protheine tubulin.

organelle ena e teng e bohareng tsa thutatekanyo ea sele, kahoo o na le lebitso lena.

Microfilaments le microtubules

Pele ke li phutholohe tsa protheine actin. bophara ba bona ke 6 NM.

bophara ke 24 nanometer microtubules. mabota bona hahoa tsa protheine tubulin.

Tsena bao e seng lera seleng ea organelles theha cytoskeleton, e thusang ho lula re ena le sebopeho kamehla.

E mong microtubule mosebetsi - ho tsamaisa, kaha e ka re susumelletsa hore organelles le dintho ka seleng.

organelles ho tsamaea

E le tsa mefuta e 'meli: cilia le flagella.

Oa pele oa ho ba le lintho tse se nang molekane-e nang le sele kang lieta ciliates.

Flagella na Chlamydomonas, hammoho le ka peō ea botona ea liphoofolo.

Motsamao oa organelles bopilwe liprotheine contractile.

bofello

E le qeto e akaretsa.

Kahoo re ile ra sheba organelles tsohle bao e seng lera ea limela, liphoofolo, li-fungus 'me libaktheria li, sebopeho le mosebetsi oa bona.