Asiti Adipic. Properties le Dikopo

asiti Adipic (ho na le lebitso le leng la ntho e - acid e 1.4-butandikarbonovaya, lebitso hlophisitsoeng - geksandiovaya acid) - e fokotsa acid e dicarboxylic. E o na le tsena tse latelang tsa lik'hemik'hale moralo: HOOC (CH2) 4SOON le moralo feteletseng C6O4H10. Ho na le e tšoanang thepa lik'hemik'hale ka acid e ea carboxylic. liforomo letsoai, tse ngata tsa tsona di qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi (H2O). Esterified ka di- le mono,. Ka glycols geksandiovaya liforomo acid e polyesters.

Properties ea acid e adipic

1. molare boima ke 146,1 mob mobile / Mol.

2. kitlano tsa dikgerama 1,36 / mole.

3. fokolang solubility ka ethanol, diethyl joala le monohalogen acetone.

4. Solubility ka metsi (H2O) e tjena: ho likhato tse 15 - 1,44 g, ka ho ya ka 100 g ya metsi; likhato 40 - 5.12 buka g,; likhato 70 - 34,1 g,

Thermal thepa geksadiovoy acid e

1. The ntlha qhibiliha ke 153 ° C.

2. li bole kapele mocheso ke 210 - 240 ° C.

3. The belisoa ntlha (ka 100mm Hg) ke 265 ° C.

4. decarboxylation mocheso ke 300-320 ° C.

5. The enthalpy sa combustion ke -2800 KJ / Mol.

6. qhibiliha enthalpy ea 16,7 KJ / Mol.

7. mouoane enthalpy ke 18,7 KJ / Mol.

Mokhoa oa ho fumana acid e adipic?

Ho indasteri ntho ena e ne e itokisetsa hantle ke-mohato tse peli ho kena moea oa cyclohexane. Ntlha ea pele, motsoako oa cyclohexanol le cyclohexanone, e leng e ka nako eo arohantsoe ke distillation. Ka mor'a moo cyclohexanone e sebelisoa ho hlahisa caprolactam, le cyclohexanol oxidized 40-60% matla HNO3 (nitric acid). Ka mokhoa ona, adipic acid e ka lihlahisoa ke ka mashome a robong a metso e mehlano lekholong.

E 'ngoe ea mekhoa e tsepisa bakeng sa ba lokisetsa ho ea acid e adipic ke hydrocarbonylation butadiene.

ka litsela life tse ling o ile a etsa hore a fumane acid carboxylic, tse kang adipic? E ka o ile a fumana hape ke oxidizing cyclohexane le asiti nitric (HNO3) ka mocheso oa + 100-200 ° C, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) ka mocheso oa +50 ° C kapa ozone (O3).

asiti Adipic hape e lokiselitsoe ke carbonylation tsa eakir (tetrahydrofuran) ka adipic acid e anhydride, e leng ka nako eo ho fana ka sepheo sa ntho ikopanye le.

Tšebeliso ea acid e adipic:

- ntho e ke lintho tse bonahalang e tala (sebediswa ka mashome a robong etsang liphesente tse acid e ka hlahiswang) ka tlhahisong ea polyhexamethyleneadipamide, 'me hape polyurethanes le esters lona;

- sebelisoa e le tseloe lijo (E 355 ngolisitsoeng tlas'a palo) ho fana ka lihlahisoa tsa tatso e bolila (ho akarelletsa le ho hlahisa lino-mapholi);

- acid e Adipic ke karolo e ka sehloohong ea ho bolela e ne a rerile hore descaling;

- e sebediswa ho tlosa lintho tse bonahalang hore o ile a lula ka mor'a ho tlatsa manonyeletso pakeng tsa lithaele entsoe ka letsopa;

- tshebediso ya acid carboxylic kang acid e adipic, ke habohlokoa bakeng sa ba lokisetsa ho ea intermediates maiketsetso.

Ka leha e le efe itsoara joang ka lik'hemik'hale o acid e adipic?

1. komponeng ena holim 'a itšoara joang ka lirafshoa tse sa tšoaneng, hydroxides bona le oxides mantlha e fana ka letsoai ho ngollana.

2. E ka li leleke acid e fokolang ho tloha letsoai lona.

3. Ka ho ba teng ha e asiti sethothetsi adipic acid e leka ho ka alcohols. Foromo ena esters.

4. Ha a futhumatsang letsoai ammonium tsa amides adipic acid e ba thehoa.

5. Tlas'a ketso ea acid e SOCl2 adipic e fetoloa e acid e chloride e lekanang.

Esters tsa Adipic acid e  

1. Metiladipinat sebediswa motlakase ya tswakana dimethylsebacate.

2. Dialliladipinat hardener ke poliester lehoakhoa.

3. Etiladipinat e sebediswa e le koketso ya ka peterole leaded ho eketsa octane nomoro ea eona.

4. diethyl adipate e sebelisoa e le plasticizer, ka tlhahisong ea lifilimi lijo, lieta, PVC, a maiketsetso a letlalo, lintho tsa ho bapala, linoleum, siling emisitswe.

5. diisopropyl adipate e sebelisoa e le motsoako oa litlolo tsa letlalo.