Amerika Leboea: ea liphallelo le litšobotsi tsa lona

Sebaka liminerale North America - tsohle ithuta sekolong kajeno ka lithuto jeokrafi. Tsebo ya ditaba tsena ke ho hlokahala hore se feela bakeng sa tlhatlhobo, empa le bakeng sa tsa ntshetsopeleng kakaretso. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, mong le e mong re lokela ho utloisisa hore ke holim 'a lefatše leo re phelang ho eona.

North America, ea liphallelo ea tseo re tla buisana ka tsona sehloohong sena e tšoana le mofuta oa paatsepama dissection Amerika Boroa. E matla lebanta la Cordillera le lithabeng otlolla hammoho le lebōpo le ka bophirimela ho 7000 km SE. Advantageously, bataletseng e le ka bochabela halofo ea naha ena. All ena e bontša hore oa liphallelo tsa Amerika e na le amana le matla. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le ho se tšoane bohlokoa pakeng tsa lik'honthinenteng tsena. Ka ho khetheha, e le Cordillera oona tsamaisong lithaba e kgolo ee bophara e ngata le sebopeho rarahaneng ho feta Andes (eo hape a bitsoang Andes Cordillera). Ba akarelletsa ba mekoloko kakaretso tsamaiso, e fapaneng tectonic le Geological sebopeho di fapaneng ho hang.

libaka tse ka bochabela

Hlaka khetholloa hoo e ka bang hohle Cordillera 5 orotektonicheskih longitudinal libaka. Pele ea bana, ka bochabela - Laramide orogeny maporogo: Mount Mackenzie, Brooks Range, Ridge Bochabela Sierra Madre, Rocky Mountains. Ea bobeli ka aroloa ho ea ka peculiarities ya orography likarolo tse peli: leboea le ka boroa. Pakeng tsa bona e emela linaheng tse ling Yellowstone Plateau. Nepahetseng straightness liforomo e khanyang makgetheng orographic.

Front Range tsa Rocky Mountains

Front Range tsa Rocky Mountains (North America) o na le ea liphallelo e latelang: ho otlolla hoo e ka bang 2000 km le ka mola ka kotloloho, e amang ho tswelopela, botšepehi le tshwano ya sebopeho lona Geological. Ridge hlaka hlalosoa, a ile a beha moepa litlhōrō phahameng, seo bophahamo ba sona e fihla 4000 limithara Ho butle-butle ea theohang ka bochabela ho Great Lithoteng.. Front Range ka bophirimela ke tectonic molato karolong e ka leboea. Ka bohareng ba thabeng fokotsehile. Ba tšela noka Pis, e leng e mong oa mehloli ea Mackenzie Nōka. Front Range karolong e ka boroa ea hōlang. E e arotsoe mekoloko e itseng, seo bophahamo ba sona e khōlō: Lewis, Caribou, Selkirk. Karolong ena ho na le lithaba kholo ka ho fetisisa Front Range. Robson ke lithaba (bophahamo 3954 limithara) le Thabeng ea Columbia (3747 limithara). liforomo Alpine oa Amerika Leboea sebopeho sa naha tloaelehileng tsa Front Range. O e boetse e tšoauoa ka matsaranka le bohlokoa glaciation.

Rocky Mountains karolong e ka boroa

Single orilla Rockies ha theha karolong e ka boroa. Mona di entsoe ka tse fapaneng motho, ka linako tse ling ka thōko 'me a arohane ka "lirapeng tsa boikhathollo" - lohle beisine, emelang likarolo tse sehlabeng-joaloka hokela le letamo kgolo Great Lithoteng. Karolo ea maporogo (Sangre de Khao Cristo, Wasatch) otlolla hoo e ka bang ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa. Tse ling (mohlala, Uinta Mountains) - ka tataiso ka bophirimela-bochabela perpendicular ho bona. Khōlō bophahamo le bophara ba lebanta lena lithaba e lefisa lebaka la ho hloka tswelopela. Le moeli pakeng tsa e Moholo Lithoteng le Rocky Mountains e hlaka haholo a bolela hore: e moepa leboteng - letsoapong la lithabeng. Southern karolo - tsena ke tse tloaelehileng epiplatform lithaba tse ile ha thehoa ka mor'a Tshebediso ya tsa bohale ba e mong oa platforms boholo-holo.

Lebanta hare lihlaba le sehlabeng

Hlahlamang - lebanta hare lihlaba le sehlabeng thehoa nevadiyskuyu phutha ka naha ea Amerika Leboea. Ea liphallelo e tšoauoa ka dibopeho a phuthilweng nevadiyskimi emeloang peniplenami. Ka hare ho libaka ena ho na le ke e sehlabeng, tse koalloa "likhechana" ea boholo-holo North American sethaleng le clamped Cordillera (Northern Miseng, Colorado Plateau). Kholo ka ho fetisisa intermountain lithoteng Fraser, Yukon, Basin e Moholo, Colombia, North le Central Miseng, Colorado.

Basin Great

Great Basin - denudation sehlabeng, ea kholo ka ho fetisisa sebakeng. sebakeng sena, eo bophara ke ho fihlela ho 800 km le, ka kakaretso, ke alternation ea bokaholimo a bataletse 'me lithaba le predominance tsa nakong e fetileng. Ka kakaretso 1500m tsosoa sehlabeng holim'a. Leha ho le joalo, liphetoho tse khōlō libaka tse phahameng. Sehlabeng e tšoanang maporogo intersect le libaka tse phahameng tsa ka 3 km (Wheeler tlhōrō - 3982 limithara). depressions tebileng, e bitsoang Bolson, leshano pakeng tsa bona. E seka-kenyeleditsweng le kenyeleditsweng beisine, e leng sebaka sa drainage hare. Lefu Valley - e mong oa bona (-85 limithara).

litlhōrō Relict ba atisa ho fumana (ho akarelletsa le dikhouno tsa foqoha seretse se chesang).

Colorado Plateau le Grand Canyon

Colorado Plateau - ke e nngwe ya likhutlong ho fetisisa e ikhethang ea polanete ea rōna, e leng o tsejoa tsa Amerika Leboea. tlisang liphallelo lona o motle haholo. Ho ea ka sebopeho lona Geological (tshekaletseng boto sa khathatseha lithaba sedimentary mafika ba lilemo fapaneng - ho tloha ea boholo-holo ho verhnepaleoziyskih rapaletse ka bonaletsang kamoreng e ka tlaase) e sehlabeng tšoanang ho North American sethaleng. holim'a lona - maralleng thota, e leng fihla ba bolelele ba 3860 m.

Khahloa ea sehlabeng ke Grand Canyon (North America). Sebopeho sa naha le boemo ba leholimo ba khahloa ke sebaka sena bahahlauli tse ngata. Grand Canyon (tšoantšetsoang mona ka tlase) ho ile ha thehoa ho tswa ho Colorado River, bohareng ba 'nete hore ba eona. Ho fihla ka botebo ba limithara 1800, e bophara ba 8 ho ea ho 25 km le ka sehlabeng le ho 1km ka phahameng ka ho tlase. matsoapong moepa tse thahasellisang, tloaelehang bath tsa Grand Canyon. Ba hlaha ho tswa ho tshebetso ya ho tshenyo erosive le bosa. The bonaletsang botlaaseng ba aa ageletsweng matsoelintsoeke e moqotetsane le kanaleng.

Inner lithaba lebanta

Sebakeng boraro - ka hare lithaba - lebanta nevadiyskih ranges: Coast Mountains, le Alaska Range, e phorosela Mountains, ea Sierra Nevada, le ho parola ha seretse se chesang Sierra Madre Occidental. Straightforwardness phapang pakeng tsa maporogo tsena. mafika Igneous ho rena ka sebopeho bona. Phorosela Mountains - batholith le dikhouno ha seretse se chesang, la mo khokhothela thupeng ka eona. The orilla ea Sierra Nevada ke sa karolelano seqhenqha kristale batholith ka mekgokolosa moepa ka bophirimela le e ka bochabela matsoapong.

lebanta synclinoria

Sebakeng bone ke libaka synclinoria. Sena se theola ea libaka, e leng ile ha thehoa ho Neogene. Karolo ea lona jwale e emeloang ke tse sa tšoaneng leoatleng silafala, a maholo. Ka naha e le phula ea Lefu, e Moholo Central Valley, e finyellang e ka tlaase ea ka Colorado Nōka.

Hole West libaka

ka makhetlo a mahlano - bophirimela feteletseng. Ke lebanta lebōpong la leoatle ea a phuthilweng Alpine maporogo ka Aleut (ho na le 25 foqoha seretse se chesang), Kenai Hloahloeng, Island Ridge ho Victoria Peak (bophahamong - 2200 limithara), Chugachsky Ridge Hloahloeng Victoria, Coast mekoloko, Range Sierra Madre del Sur. Kaofela ha bona ke mahareng-phahameng, empa litlhōrō ho fetisisa ea neng a hlaheletse ka holimo 2 km.

Ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba glaciation, le ho tiea tsa libaka orographic longitudinal, tectonic le erosional dissection, ho Cordillera e arotsoe 4 morphostructural sebakeng: Cordillera tsa Mexico, United States Cordillera Cordillera Cordillera tsa Canada le Alaska.

Karolong e ka bochabela ea k'honthinente ea

Seo ea liphallelo ke Amerika Utara ka bochabela? 'Nete ke hore. Joalokaha re hlokometse, etsa North American sebopeho sa naha ke ka kakaretso e bataletse karolong e ka bochabela ea k'honthinente e. Ha e le hantle ho ke ke kafukafu (Central, Laurentian) le lithoteng phahameng. Mabalane tse hammoho lebōpo la: Primeksikanskaya, Atlantic sebakeng, Prigudzonskaya le Mississippi ka finyellang e ka tlaase ea nōkeng e tšoanang.

Appalachian lithaba lebanta

Amerika Leboea, ho fapana ho ea Afrika, e mong lebanta lithaba otlolla hammoho lebōpong le ka bochabela - Appalachian. Sena mekoloko oona tsamaisong lithaba, ho tloha Koung ea St. hanyetsa. Lawrence ho ka 33-32 ⁰ s. m., e le hore ke hoo e ka bang 2.300 km. Sehlekehlekeng sa Newfoundland ke kgokahanyo leboea. Appalachian - e epiplatform le lithabeng tse phahameng. Phapang bohlokwa pakeng tsa karolo e ka boroa le e ka leboea libakeng tse ling tsa ho lithaba bakileng litšobotsi tse tectonic le sebopeho Geological. Graben Hudson e leng moeli pakeng tsa ka leboea le e ka boroa Appalachian. Appalachians Northern ka kakaretso - ke maqhubu sehlabeng. E laoloa ke mekoloko motho lithaba kapa mekoloko lithaba. Northern Appalachian lepelela le glaciation Quaternary. Ka lebaka leo, sebopeho tsa lithaba joale - bataletseng, feela litlhōrō phahameng ka ho fetisisa e ne e le circuses e nang le marako moepa.

Southern Appalachians

Alternation ea liphula telele e tšoanang le maporogo ea fapaneng Southern Appalachians. Ho tloha ka bochabela le ka bophirimela ho atolosa hammoho mosikong oa sehlabeng sa. Ho Piedmont ka bophirimela - e sephara thoteng ea denudation, e leng e thehiloe ke Early Cambrian bonaletsang majoe. From e hlaha steeply ka bophirimela ketane ea thaba mekoloko, hoo e batlang e tsoelang pele (Kohut, Unakite, le Letšo, mosi, kholo, e putsoa, joalo-joalo), Height - 1-1.5 km SE. Sena "khale lithaba" - teteaneng cores Caledonide, alengelami denudation.

Lebanta maporogo le liphula

E mong oa libakeng tse ngata ka tsela e hlollang tsa Appalachian Mountains e teng ka bophirimela ho tsona. Sena seo ho thoeng ke Young Mountain, kapa lebanta la maporogo le liphula. Mona ke tse ling tse thahasellisang tsa ea liphallelo ea Amerika Leboea. mafika Sedimentary tsa mehla Paleozoic e entsoe ka sebaka seo kaofela: mekoloko - shales le sandstones ho phula - dolomites le limestones. Otlolla ka makholo a km ka boroa-bophirimela ho ea ka leboea-ka bochabela ho mola otlolle tsa lithaba, likhohlo lohle ngoe le e bataletse-topped kapa a khekheng ka maporogo moqotetsane. Ha e bophahamong ba limithara tse 500-600, botebong ba liphula. maporogo litlhōrō fihle 1-1.2 km SE. Valley tectonically emela anticlinoria le maporogo ke synclinoria. Ke hore, ka nako ena e bonoa ka ho hlaka mismatch mofuta oa sebopeho tectonic tsa foromo ea kajeno, eo e na le lenaneo la liphallelo mona Amerika Leboea. Photos of Appalachia e hlahiswa mona ka tlase.

Ena ke mohlala oa ajoa, kapa mofuta pitikololo tsa liphallelo. E fumanoa ka lithabeng ke ka seoelo haholo, 'me ka ho fetisisa ka ho phatsimang ka Appalachians. mofuta ona wa phomolo hammoho mela ba ile ba qala ho bitsoa "Appalachian liphallelo." Lebanta "mocha lithaba" le ka bophirimela ho interrupts le Appalachian Plateau (Cumberland, Allegheny). Ke protrusion eo bophahamo ke 300-400 m. Sena ke haholo e phahameng sehlabeng Piedmont. holim'a lona ka bochabela bohale larileng ka ba bolelele ba ka bang 1.2 km le, 'me ka bophirimela - 500 limithara Plateau libaka ka ho teba dissected liphula linōka tse fapa-fapaneng (khohlo bottoms le matsoapong moqotetsane le moepa) ..

Hantle, kaha joale oa liphallelo ea North America o ile a bokhutšoanyane hlahloba sehloohong sena, re a tšepa ho tla ba ho le bonolo ho eena ho etsa nehelano ea hae.