Altai sebakeng: mathata a tikoloho le tharollo ea bona. Nature le indasteri ea Altai Territory

Hona joale, ka e tsebahalang ka ho hlollang mofuta lona Altai Territory batlang e le tse seng kae a sireletsa naha ea tlhaho. Hoo e ka bang kaofela ha bona ba nang le phihlelo 'me ba tsoela pele ho ba le tshusumetso ya mesebetsi ya moruo le liindasteri.

A sehloohong sena a re tla bua ka o teng mathata a tikoloho kajeno, ho Altai Territory, ka litsela tse itseng ka lebaka la boemo boo, ka histori ea sebakeng seo, 'me tse ling tse ngata.

Altai sebakeng: kakaretso lesedi

Altai - naha eo e leng ntlha ea Russia Federation le linaheng tsa boahelani tsa Kazakhstan, o bua ka karolo e ka boroa-bophirimela ea Siberia Federal Setereke.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore pele ho 1991 sebakeng Altai, 'me e ne e le karolo ea ikemetseng Gorno-Altai sebakeng, e leng la kajeno le lona le ikemetseng sehlooho sa Russia Federation - Altai Republic.

Baahi ba sebakeng seo e fetang 2490 sekete. Batho ba. sebakeng seo naha e limithara tse lisekoere 168.000. km le, e leng 1% ea tšimo palo yohle Serussia. E le setsi tsa tsamaiso ke motse oa Barnaul (baahi -. Batho ba fetang 650 tse sekete).

Ho arolelanang meeli le Kazakhstan Region, Kemerovo le Novosibirsk libaka.

E le karolo ea bohale ba metse 12, makeisheneng - 14, 67 tsa mahaeng le litoropong e imene metsana (ho akarelletsa le Jeremane National District ..). O feta bohale ba Afrika-Siberia Railroad, eo ka eona ke thepa ka kangoo ho libakeng tse ka bophirimela. Major liteishene sa terene Aleyskaya, Barnaul, Biisk, Altay, Rubtsovsk.

sebaka

Саянская горная ). Altai bohale sebakeng ke ea 2nd dinaheng 'meleng (West Siberia le Altai - Sayanskaya hill). Mountain saeteng e teng ka ka boroa le e ka bochabela libakeng tse ling tsa thota ena. Ho Salairsky orilla le mosiko oa Altai. Central le West likarolo tse ka go tlhaolega a bataletseng sebaka. Ho Bijsko-Chumyshskaya leralleng, ob, sehlabeng se le Kulundinskaya steppe.

Bakeng sa bohale bath ya hoo e batlang e tsohle libaka tse teng ea tlhaho ea Russia - lithaba, taiga, steppe le steppe moru. Bakeng sa e bataletse karolo tšoauoa steppe le steppe libakeng tsa tlhaho, le dipekse le matša marangrang le likhohlo, theipi burs.

Haufi le ho Biya River, e tributary tsa Katun, ke bohale kholo ka ho fetisisa ea motse: Gorno-Altaisk le Barnaul. Biysk e teng ka ho toba ka dibanka tsa Biya, e arola motse likarolo tse peli.

Flora le liphoofolo

Pele u tseba, ke life mathata a tikoloho sebakeng Altai, hlalosa mofuta oa eona.

Limela ruileng ka ho fetisisa hammoho le farologanang imolohile tse fapa-fapaneng e tsamaea le ho se tšoane ha lefatše le phoofolo. Ornitofauna bohale kenyelletsa ditokiseletso mefuta e fetang 320 ea linonyana. Liphoofolo tse anyesang ba emeloang ke mefuta e 90 ea liphoofolo.

Ka palo yohle, profensing ea e ntse e hōla ka 2000 dimela vascular e phahameng, le boikarabello bakeng sa 2/3 tsa mefuta eohle dimela ka Bophirimela Siberia. Har'a bona ke relic le mefuta e tloaelehile haholo. Haholo-holo ea bohlokoa ke dimela tse latelang: ho hlaha setoto St. ea Johanne, marjoram, elfwort, khubelu motso, Rhodiola rosea (khauta motso), Maral motso le Marin (kapa peony), Ural licorice, 'me ba bang ba bangata. et al a.

Meru lula 26% ea tšimo kaofela tsa sebakeng seo.

Linōka le matša a Altai Territory

mehlodi ya metsi tikolohong eo ba emeloang tlase ho lefatshe le metsi feela. The linoka kholo ka ho fetisisa (17 likete tse) di Katun, ob,, kenapa, Biya le Charysh. Ob, (e kholo ka ho fetisisa mothapo metshetshe) thehoa ke confluence Katun Bii le nang le e-ba bolelele ba 493 Km. Nōka ea beisine e akaretsa 70% ya sebakeng seo.

Lake Altai Territory tse ngata, ho na le tse 13 feela tse sekete. The kholo ka ho fetisisa - Kulundinskoye sebakeng se limithara tse lisekoere 728. km SE.

mofuta

Haholo-holo ka sebopeho sa Altai Territory ka 'nete ea hore ho na le e ntse e hōla a sa tšoaneng e khōlō ea limela ka seoelo le moriana. Boholo ba thepa e tala kotuloa ka letsoho ho thibela tshenyo mobu le u se ke ua sitisa ho lumellana ha mofuta wa Altai Territory. Sena ke e le kannete e le sebakeng khethehileng le tse ngata tsa lirafshoa, hohela bahahlauli ba bangata. 'Me kajeno ho ka etsahala ho ea kopana le Shaman e, kamehla le loketse ho bua ka makgetha a ho le molemo ea limela ho hōla mona lithabeng.

tšimong ea ruileng le liemahale tsa tlhaho: ka phaene lebanta phaene meru; sebaka sa sebopeho sa ea nōkeng e khōlō. Obi; Raspberry, Small Yarovoye, Kolyvanovskoe, Big Lake; Aya Lake; Denisov le Tavdinsky lehaheng; Mountain cyanosis; Chinook Valley le liphororo; Katun Nōka.

Ka chebo ea mahlo, boemo tlholeho ka Altai tse molemo. Ho e tsebahalang ka ho liliba tsa eona le melapo, a phethang ka metsi a hloekileng ho tloha lithabeng ka liphula le meru. Tse likete melapo le linōka tse hlatsoa ke profinseng eo, etsa bonnete ba esita le boleng le ho hloka sekoli ea mobu. Ke ka lebaka la metsi a matša ana ho mobu o nonneng 'me ba phetse hantle hōlileng ka le meru haholo tse ngata le limela tse ling. Empa mona, le tlas'a tšusumetso ea liphello lintho tseo batho ba o ile a re ho senyeha ha tikoloho.

libakeng tse sireletswa

E mong taba bohlokoa kajeno ke tharollo ea mathata a tikoloho ea Altai Territory, hobane libaka tsa eona tse sieo ka mehloli le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa sechaba.

Ka palo yohle ho na le 33 pokello sebakeng eo nka 773.100 ly, kapa 5% ea bohale ba. Sena ke ha ho a lekana ho boloka ho leka-lekana tlholeho ya biosphere le (eo hona joale e ka tlase karolelano Russia). Ya e le hantle, ho na le ho Altai Territory mathata a tikoloho.

Ka Altai ho na le liemahale tse ngata tsa tlhaho, nkiloeng ka tlas'a tšireletso le emetseng irreplaceable libaka tsa tlhaho. Kaofela ha bona ke ea histori, tsa saense, ea setso le bokgabane boleng (liphororo, mahaheng, liliba outcrops Geological, lintho palaeontological, 'me joalo-joalo. N g.). Esita le ba bang ba makholo a lilemo li lifate, ka mohlolo bolokoa ho fihlela kajeno, ba emela e ikhethang tsa tlhaho sefika.

Ka palo yohle, sebaka Altai 100 ka molao amohelehang lifika tsa tlhaho (ho akarelletsa le Geological - .. 54, metsi - 31, botaniki - 14 le 1 rarahaneng).

Ka Altai tse ling uchatskah hola 'me ba phela dimela tloaelehang le liphoofolo, empa libakeng tsena u se ke ua ba le boemo ba sireletsoa. Ka lebaka la maemo a atileng, qeto ea e ne e entsoe ka ho thehoa ha profinseng Tigerekskogo Kulundinskoye le mehloli naha. mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ea bona ea mosebetsi oa emisitswe ka lebaka la ho haella ha lichelete.

Lisosa tsa ho senyeha ha tikoloho

Na ho na le litokollo tsa efe kapa efe ea tikoloho ka ho Altai Krai? Ke 'nete hore ho na le.

'mele metsi a silafetseng litšila bohale likhoebo tsa ho phetha molao feela le boenjiniere, k'hemistri le petrochemistry, matla a boenjiniere.

Ba ka sehloohong le bothata - sa ho pholosa linōka tse nyenyane ka lebaka la ho shoaling bona le tšilafalo. Ka lebaka la phokotsong ea libakeng tse moru ho na le metsi a khoholeho ea mobu, ho etsa hore shoaling libethe. matša a mangata silafalitsoeng ke ba ntlo ea le metsi litšila e ruuoang ho tloha mehahong liphoofolo tse ruiloeng le metsana ea.

Ntle le tsohle tse ka holimo, ka sebakeng sa sebakeng sa leshano tsela ea lonthja likoloi qala ho tloha Baikonur.

bofello

Kajeno, UNESCO allocates chelete e ngata e le hore ho boloka bohale tlholeho. Hape, ba boholong sebakeng seo ba etsang sohle se matleng a ho ntlafatsa tikoloho le lintho tsa tlhaho e baballang. litlelase kamehla ka sehlooho se reng "Ho Sireletsa tikoloho" likolong.

Altai tabeng leha e le efe, ke o mong oa libaka cleanest tlhaho tsa Russia. E ne e le lintho tsa tlhaho ba hae ka seatla se bulehileng sa tšoaneng litlama e tšehetsang bophelo bo botle ba batho ba bangata.