Air sireletsa Ukraine. Moea sireletsa Makhotla a ka a hlometseng tsa Ukraine

Nakong ea ho putlama ha USSR, e masole Seukraine baloa mong lebotho la moeeng tshireletso (bo8 le 'ngoe) le mabotho a mane moea, ho akarelletsa le tsamaea le mothusi ea morao-rao ka nako eo tsamaiso ea ikarabella' S-300 "moloaneli" Su-27 " 'me" MiG-29 ". Leha ho le joalo, ka e khutsoanyane nako ea histori, boholo ba libetsa tsa rekisoa, lahloa kapa ho tsoa whack. Hlokomela bohlokoa ba ho ba le mabotho a nang le bokhoni, 'muso o neng o' maloa ba liqeto ho matlafatsa masole a, haholo-holo ka modernization ea litsamaiso moea itšireletsa.

lesedi tsa histori

Ka 1992, 8 lebotho la arohaneng ne e ena le likoung tse tsheletseng tse khōlō:

• 1st Air Defense Division (dPVO), Crimea.
• 9th dPVO, Poltava sebakeng.
• Bo11 dPVO, bochabela ea naha.
• Bo19 la lilemo dPVO koahetsoeng Kiev.
• 21th dPVO, Odessa sebakeng.
• 28th Air Defense botseta, Ukraine bophirimela.

Radio boenjiniere le sehlopha se neng se le Kharkiv, Lviv, Sevastopol, Odessa le Vasilkov. Ka 1992, mabotho a moea tshireletso ne e ena le 132-ba khahlanong le lifofane battalions lerumo kopane regiments 18 le brigades. Metsoako li phethiloe 'me ba qhalakantsoeng e le hore tshepahalo koahela litsi kgolo liindasteri, ntle ho e mong le e tse ling.

boemo jwale

Ka mor'a lilemo tse 20 tsa sireletsa Ukraine tsoela pele ho ba tšosang matla, empa ka lebaka la palo e kholo ea libetsa se felloe ke nako tshireletso bokgoni haholo fokola. liteishene Radar, setseng Soviet Union, a ntse a ho dumella ho laola airspace. Leha ho le joalo, lebaka la ho hloka likarolo fokoletsoe le kgohlano e ka boroa-bochabela ameha ea ka tšebetso ea 'maloa a diteishene tlhokomelo. Ka ho khetheha, senyehile radar Lugansk Avdeyevka, ka mabaka a totobetseng lahlehileng liteishene taolo Crimean.

Ke 2000s mathoasong a le matsoho a tlosoa e matla empa siiloe ke nako tsamaiso ea lerumo "C-75" 'me "C-125". Ka 2013 e ne e le mathoasong "sheathed" Sam "S-200" diphetolo fapaneng. Karolo ea ho qetela e ile qhaloa Sam "S-200V" 540 go th Regiment ea Lviv.

Ba amehileng ka ho khetheha ke ho haella ha koetliso ea makhotla a moea tshireletso sesole tsa Ukraine. Sena ha se boitšoaro ba ho thunngoa e sebetsang ka mor'a ketsahalo ena le downed mopalami lifofane kotsi ka 2001. % 10 feela ya basebetsi ba le bokgoni ba ho thunngoa.

litebello

Ka nako eo, moea sireletsa naha ha e na nako e telele-ba khahlanong le lifofane tsamaiso ea. Fuoa ha e le hantle sena, 'muso o behile phofung e ka 2016 hore a qale ho e khōlō modernization tsa moea tshireletso, ho akarelletsa e lerumo moea tshireletso le liteishene radar.

The tšitiso ka sehloohong ke ho haella a hlobaetsang le matlotlo. Theko ea libetsa ea kajeno moea tshireletso tla theko e boima haholo ho tloha balekane ba Bophirimela. Ho phaella moo, ka lebaka la ho sepheo theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki linaheng tse ling u se ke ua potlaka ho rekisa libetsa phahameng sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng ea lebotho Seukraine. khumo ea ne e tla ba theko ea ka tlaase-theko empa ka tšeptjoang oona tsamaisong moea tshireletso (ho akarelletsa le mobile,) ka Russia, empa tsitsipano pakeng tsa baahelani ba u se ke ua lumella sena.

Fuoa khaello ea chelete, taba ea tsosoloso le ntlafatso ea litsamaiso tsa "C-200" le hore ba khutle ho mosebetsi ntoa. Leha ho le joalo, litsebi li sesole lekhonono amanang le khopolo ea hore "reanimation" ea libetsa se felloe ke nako.

Air litlhare

Air sireletsa Ukraine e na le e hlakileng ya taolo ya sebopeho. Anti-lifofane mabotho lerumo le mabotho a seea-le--botekgeniki ba na le boikarabelo bakeng sa tšebetso ea tsamaiso ea radar le tsamaiso moea tshireletso lerumo, eo mosebetsi e le hore a sireletse airspace ba naha eo. dibopeho tsena angoa ke ho sa Air Force tsa Ukraine.

Likarolo sebediswa VOP lerumo lerumo tsamaiso ea "S-300PT" (NATO Classification SA-10a ho honotha), "S-300V1" (SA-12a Gladiator), " C-300PS" (SA-10b ho honotha), " Buck" (SA- 11 Getfly). Ho ea ka ya data ho tswa ho mehloli ea sechaba, ho ne ho diyuniti 11 ka selemo sa 2010, "S-300PS" le 16 diyuniti "S-300PT". Tsa morao tjena ha e le hantle ntshetswa pele mohlodi. Litsebi li hakanya hore likarohano 8 feela "S-300PS" ba ka khona ho tsoela pele ka mosebetsi ntoa.

Boemo bo rarahaneng le ho fana ka moea tsamaiso ea tshireletso felisoeng ha bolela. Air tshireletso Lata tsamaiso ea "S-300" ea mohlala e telele-5V55-ea-bophelo, 'me ka naha ea habo bona ea tlhahiso e sa ka thata.

lisebelisoa bonoa

Ka Ukraine ho na le mehaho e fetang 200 e amanang le moea tshireletso, hammoho le 76 mehaho ea thusang. 36 tsebahalang mafolofolo le ba khathetseng moeeng maemong 106 ho metsu-ba khahlanong le lifofane.

Tsena li akarelletsa:

• mathoasong a lekholo thepa temoso ena: 36 molomo;.
• radar ditlhomo 36D6: 20;
• radar bonoa 64N6: 9;
• koetliso litabeng tsa mefuta e fapaneng: 3.

O emelang maemo a bakeng sa Sam:

• tsamaiso ea bakeng sa "S-125": 2-boemo ba;
• "P-200": 5;
• "S-300PS": 12;
• "S-300PT": 16;
• "C-300V1": 1.

Khathetseng moeeng (e sa hlokeheng) maemo bakeng sa Sam:

• Bakeng sa tsamaiso ea "S-75": 58 maemong;
• "2Q12" 1;
• "S-125": 16;
• "C-200": 11;
• "S-300P" 19.

ba ela hloko temoso ho bolela Early

Moea sireletsa Ukraine e ntshetswa pele tsamaiso phatlalatsa temoso pele. E fana ka radars tse sa tšoaneng teng ho pholletsa le naha. boemo ba bona, e le busa, e na le mefuta e 'ngoe kapa ho feta tsa radars temosong ea pele, hammoho le phahameng-bophahamong ba bonoa le ho amohela tsamaiso.

Ho na le 28 ba sebetsa ka mafolofolo maemong mathoasong a fane ka temoso mabapi le 8 eketsehileng (pokello), tse etselitsoeng ho marangrang tjaleho kapa tloswa chelete ha ho hlokahala.

20 maemong 36D6 (Tin Shield) radar le 8 maemong radar 64N6 (Big Bird) fana shebiloeng boitsebiso le mesebetsi ea ntoeng taolo ya bakeng sa naha marangrang moea itšireletsa. Mabotho a fana fatše 'me a koahele moea libaka mosolotogamaano. Radar 64N6 36D6 'me a lokisetsa e le hore fana ka kgaso e sa hlokeheng. tsamaiso ea tsena ke khona ho laola hoo e ka bang kaofela ha moea le sebaka sa Ukraine, hammoho le libakeng tse kholo tsa Black le Azov Maoatle.

Sam "S-200V"

Armament moea tshireletso tsamaiso ea oona ka Ukraine akarelletsa ho mefuta e fapaneng fapaneng. Mehahong "C-200" ke ho fetisisa nako e telele (ho fihlela ho 250 km) ka Seukraine-ba khahlanong le lifofane mabotho lerumo. Ho fihlela morao tjena, ho 5 libeteri tse teng "C-200" netefatsa ho sireletsa moea le sebaka sa hoo e ka bang kaofela bochabela ea naha pakeng Kharkiv le Luhansk. A ho qetela 11 bao e seng phetha boemo ba "C-200" lula ba, le hoja ba ka 'na ba sebelisoa ho amohela tsamaiso le lithuso tse kang "S-300PS." merero ea 'muso - kgutlele ho odara mehaho ntlafatswa ka lilemo tse 2016-18, ka lebaka la ho haella ha le mefuta e meng mehahong nako e telele.

Ka molao, Lekala la Tšireletso o ile a bolela hore ho sebelisa "S-200V" 250 kilometer dari radius, empa ho ka Serussia le sefofane ho fetela ho Leoatle le Letšo lokolloa phoso lerumo "S-200" ka October 2001, ho ka 'na a bontša hore ho sebeletsa beha ya "P-200D" 300-kilometer dari radius.

Sam "S-300P"

Leha tsamaiso ea "S-200" ba le radius kgolo ya bohato, leha ho le joalo e rarahaneng VOP "P-300P 'ho ke ke tse ngata ka ho fetisisa le ea nang le bokhoni. Liketso tsa ba letoto la diphanele 27 "S-300P" 16 libeteri a hlomelloa le tsamaiso ea "S-300PT", le 12 - tsamaiso ea "S-300P".

Tlhomamiso malala e le hore a sireletsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea lipolotiki, ea sesole le indasteri ka libaka le ea naha. Dnepropetrovsk, Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa sirelelitsoe ke se ka tlase ho 6 libeteri e mong, Nikolaev (le eo pele e neng Sevastopol) - ya bonyane 5 diphanele. mehahong maloa koahela moeling o ka bophirimela.

a hlomelloa ka ho botlalo leshala Sam "S-300PT" e na le 12 tsoibilang, ha leshala e hlometse ka ho feletseng le Sam "S-300PS" e na le 8 tsoibilang. E mong le e leshala e hlomelloa le 5N63 kapa 5N63S radar le radar ho beha tlaase liphofu tse fofang tse 5N66 kapa 5N66M. Bobeli tsamaiso ea radar ka kakaretso sebelisa sehlopha palo 40V6 letoto lena.

Motse-moholo, Kiev - sebakeng se feela eo o lutse o sirelelitsoe ke sete e feletseng ea letoto la lihlooho tse leshala "S-300P". All lihlahisoa 6 lule e le hantle, sebelisang 4 "S-300PT", 'me tse pedi - "S-300PS." diyuniti sesole le tshireletso moea koahela Kharkov ( "S-300PT"), Odessa ( "S-300PS") le Nikolaev ( "S-300PT") - tsena promtsentry tharo sirelelitsoe ke libeteri e mong. Dnepropetrovsk sirelelitsoe ke a mane leshala-tsamaisoa "S-300PT".

e etsoang ka maqiti moea ea tšireletso

Ho na le litsamaiso tse peli tsa e etsoang ka maqiti moea tshireletso tsamaiso ea lerumo, tse ngotsoeng ka Seukraine marangrang moea itšireletsa. APU sebediswa tsamaiso "Buk" 9K37 le "C-300V1". Tse ling tsa tsamaiso ea tsena e ka tlasa makhotla a moea tshireletso, 'me ba bang ba - matsoho a tse ling tse ntoa. tsamaiso ea Mobile li etselitsoe ho koahela liindasteri, ea sechaba le ea lipolotiki beha dintho mosolotogamaano, lihlopha sesole.

Mod key tiisa hore ho Army sebediswa khetho "Buk-M", le Air Force tsa Ukraine o ile a sebelisa "Buk-M1". Lekala la Tšireletso hape pheha khang ea hore e Army sebelisa phetolo ea "C-300V1" (Gladiator), bo bontšang hore ha e le hantle hore Ukraine ha a na tsamaiso ea "S-300V2" (Giant), khona ho thunya fatše metsu ballistic.

sebakeng fana ka kgaso

Seukraine marangrang Sam ile futsitseng ho Soviet Union. Air tšireletso ea ho bolela ho lokisetsa e le hore re sireletsa litsi baahi senotlolo le libaka hahlaula. Ka ho fetisisa nang koahela motse-moholo Kiev, masihla senotlolo indasteri e bohareng ba Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Mykolaiv le Odessa. Karolo ea dibetri le e qhalakaneng pholletsa le naha.

Ho ea ka balaoli ba, naha ha e sa sokela ntoa khahlanong NATO, ka ho latellana, masole a Seukraine ho fokolitse palo ea ba lifofane le Sam tsamaiso ea. Leha marangrang moea tshireletso e haholo fokotseha ka boholo ho tloha ho putlama ea USSR, Ukraine ntse o lutse o lekaneng a hlomelloa ka ho itšireletsa khahlanong le tlhaselo moea.

Maqiti a le leqheka

lisebelisoa Mobile kang "S-300PS", "Buk" le "C-300V1" khona ho etsa lintho tseo ba ho hlokahala - hoo e batlang e kae kapa kae ka hare ho naha. Dislocations 64N6 radar le-ba khahlanong le lifofane tsamaiso ea 36D6 fana ea ntoeng taolo ya tšehetso, 'me ho ipehela lipakane, ho sa tsotellehe moo ba leng teng, ka lebaka la khokahano lohle oa temoso pele. Kaha Sam "S-300PS", hangata teng setšeng e lokisitsoeng, khokahano e khōlō ea libaka tse sa kopanele tšebeletsong le mehaho ba ka 'nang maemo bakeng sa bewa ga tsamaiso ea lerumo. Ukraine, ho feta 100 sa kopanele tšebeletsong (e sa hlokeheng) maemong Sam diphetolo fapaneng.

Ba bang ba ka 'nang ba le dikai hōlileng. Ha a ntse a "C-200" le se ke lumellane hantle haholo ho hlasela laolehang habonolo, stealthy kapa tlase fofang liphofu, tsamaiso ea ka thibela CIA kapa tse ling tse kholo sesole sefofane haufi le moea le sebaka sa Ukraine. Mohlomong ke ka lebaka la hore ba khutle ho lebelletsoe le mosebetsing ka mor'a diphetolo itseng. E batlang e ngola-Sam "S-300PT '70s merero e khethehileng bakeng sa sesole moo.

ntshetsopeleng ho eketsehileng

Ka 2016-2017 rerile modernization ea Ukraine e moeeng itšireletsa. Litsamaiso tsa "P-200" le "C-300PS" ho tla hlokahala hore Phetolo ka 2016-2020. Esita le ntle le e nahane ka bophelo ba tšebeletso, matsatsi a molemo "S-300PS" le "C-200" siile. Ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele e sa khaotseng ea maqiti ECM (ea ho itsireletsa elektroniki), SEAD / Shoeleng (loantšeng tšireletso ea sera sa moea), le lintho tse ling Sam ya data ha a kopana le moea tsa linako.

Ka mo porojekeng e ea bohlokoa ba nodes motho / libetsa ho mehahong ea khale, hammoho le ho bōpa sehlahisoa hao sebedisa dikarolo tsa likhoebo Seukraine 'me ke balekane tsoang linaheng tse ling.

tsamaiso ea radar

Ukraine - e mong oa baetsi ba seng bakae lefatšeng, develops le hlahisa radar ka sekgoqetsane koetsoeng. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba thepa le libetsa oa lebotho Seukraine e emeloang ke dikai siiloe ke nako. Tabeng molemo ka ho fetisisa - sebjalebjale. Park libetsa tsa elektronike di na le dipegelo radar nomenclature baloang ho disampole meloko e heterogeneous ka taolo ya sebopeho itsamaise le lesedi thulaganyou e radar.

Ho ea ka likhakanyo tsa Ukraine, ka chelete ho abelwa ke APU ka 2016, ditjeo bohlokoa ba ikemiseditse ho moea itšireletsa. Ho rera ho reka liteishene radar 28 le ho ntlafatsa ho diyuniti tse tšeletseng. Leha ho le joalo, ho hlokahala ea mabothong a hlometseng ka radar le lecha le ntlafatswa le e ngata ho feta e ka bang makholo a mabeli likoto. Ha e le hantle, ho fihlela joale, puso ea litsamaiso tshireletso, haholo-holo khahlanong le lifofane lerumo le radar radar mabotho, siea le tšepo bakeng sa molemo ka ho fetisisa. 'Me e ke khahlanong le semelo sa' nete ea hore Ukraine e na le baetsi ba lona ba khonang ho fana ka ditharollo tsa bona e tsoetseng pele bakeng sa tlhokomelo airspace ruuoang.

Ho fihlela joale, masole setseng palo e khōlō ea radar P-18M, R-18MA (P-19MA). Thanks ho NGO "Aerotekhnika" vs. "Ukrspetstekhnika" tsena dimela ha feela o ile a lula ka har'a e, empa li ne li sebjalebjale. Ho phaella moo, ho na le se secha.

Radar "Malachite"

New Seukraine lebotho la ba hlokang maqakabetsing ea radar ea kajeno, tse kang "Malachite". tsamaiso ena o bitsoa modernization seteishene Union P-18, empa ka litsela tse ngata ho ke ke fapaneng haholo le ka pele ho eena lona. Litsebi HC "Ukrspetstekhnika" entse liphetoho tse khōlō, 'me kajeno ke seteishene se secha ka ho feletseng. The "Malachite" ditsitithale pontšo sebetsa e kenngwa tshebetsong, ha e kopana le itsamaise morao-rao e ka hlokomela maloetseng, ho proximal bonoa libaka fokotseha ho 2,5 km SE, e ile ea eketseha letsoapong la ka lenakana amanang le ho boemo tshekaletseng hara + 15 / -15 likhato, 'me joalo-joalo. D. "Malachite" e na ho bonoa mefuta e fapaneng ya ho fihlela ho 400 dikhilomitha, ke hore, seteishining sa e iphumanela ho le Tracks liphofu molemo haholo le pejana ho feta radar efe kapa efe e sebetsang hona joale Ukraine.

Features ya e rarahaneng e 'nile ba sebele lekanyetswa go ya ka ke Seukraine Defense Tšebeletso. Ka lebaka leo, le seteishene radar o ne a sa beha feela ka tšebeletso, empa hape ho kenya mabotho. Ho latela taolo ya khampani ya "Ukrspetstekhnika", e le ba April 2015 masole a li ntse li feta ka e dozen "Malachite" radar.

liteishene Karolo tšoaetsanoang ka Seukraine basesisi ba sebetsa tsamaiso ea ka maemo a tse ling tse ipatileng holim, e fapaneng ho tloha Union P-18. Ho sebetsa ka maemo a leoatle a bontša hore seteishining sa katleho rarolla ka bothata ba Tracking liphofu moea ka hare ho litšobotsi tse ba bona, hammoho le liphofu holim lesikeng la bona. Ke hore, ho 12-mile libaka, e leng tlasa basesisi hlahlobisisoa, "Malachite" radar laoloa ka bolokolohi.

Radar "MP-1"

New mitha kgatlhanang seteishene radar eka e tšoauoa "MP-1", hona joale bōpa SPC "tlhase." Bayemi ba kenngwa tshebetsong le seo a se finyeletseng-rao tsohle oa ho nahana saense, ikemiseditse ho ho batalatsa boleng ba thekenoloji stealth (stealth).

"MP-1" e reretsoe ho phela leshala, hammoho le bakeng sa tshebetso moeeng taolo tshireletso lebatowa AMS Ukraine e. Radar khona ho lemoha, pineng e le ho lekanya azimuth, mefuta e fapaneng, bophahamo ba shebiloeng ba, ho sa tsotellehe tshusumetso ya tshitiso.

The bozangi litomba ya seteishene khale e ne e le hore ho hlokahala ho kenya diyuniti eketsehileng lipalangoang arohaneng turbine jenereithara hore e fana ka tsamaiso ea matla. Ka lebaka leo, radar e thehiloeng mechine 3-4. Seteisheneng se secha "Minsk-1" hloka le 'ngoe feela ho tsamaisa unit trust. thepa ea bohle e behoa cheisi tsa KrAZ.

Ka maemo a morao-rao ntoa hlokahala ho etsa bonnete ba phahameng tsamaiso ya seteisheneng. Ka mor'a metsotso e 5-10 tsa mosebetsi o lokela ho fallela ho radar boemong bo bocha. Mesebetsing e "MG-1" opareitara e, ntle le ho tlohela koloi terakeng, laola tšebetso ea, ka ho sheba moea boemo ba pontsho. seteishining sa e fumaneha bakeng sa puisano-le-moea ka thalong tsa digital, ka tsela e iketsang fetisetsa sephethephethe boemo bo ka moea tshireletso taelo ea le litsing taolo NE mofuta IP-15 kapa IP-12. Ho phaella moo, seteishene sa "Minsk-1 o" khona ho fetolela ka nepo haholo lekanya bophahamo ba ka lebaka la ho etsa hore tsamaiso ea 3-hokahanya. Instrumental bueloang mefuta e fapaneng e 400 Km. Morero o ka tsoelo-pele.

"Pelican" radar

Tse tharo-seteishene chitja pono 79K6 (ke diyantle tlhahiso - 80K6) "Pelican a" qala ho etsoa ka 1992 ke SPC "tlhase". Feela ka 2007 radar e amohetsweng ea APU. thepa ea bohle e behoa radar e unit trust lipalangoang.

Ponahalo ea Seukraine lebotho la radar 79K6 lumelloa ho autonomously sebelisa-ba khahlanong le lifofane lerumo battalions "S-300PT / PES". Ho feta moo, ho ka etsahala ho sebelisa 79K6 Brigade sebopeho (6 likarohano). Bakeng sa ba ka sehloohong e etsoang ka maqiti le ho botekgeniki litšobotsi tse sa radar 80K6 e ka boemo ba analogues tsoang linaheng tse ling, 'me theko lona bonyane makhetlo a mabeli tlase ho feta baphadisani lona. Palo e kahodimodimo bonoa mefuta e fapaneng "Pelican" Sepheo ke 400 Km. Leha ho le joalo, ka 3-5 limithara ² EPR liphofu bonoa mefuta e fapaneng ka sefofane bophahamong ba 100 limithara e 40 km SE; ka e bophahamong ba 1000 m - 110 km SE; ka e bophahamong ba 10-30 km SE - 300-350 km SE.

Ho hlomella masole le mehaho ea sejoale-joale ea radar le tsamaiso ea moea tshireletso hona joale dintlha tse di maleba haholo. Sena se etsa hore ho ka khoneha hore re lule re taolo ya airspace tsa Ukraine le fana ka ditaelo tsa indasteri e ruuoang.