Vladimir Myasishchev: lifofane tse boima haholo

Morao tjena, mecha ea litaba e phatlalatsa molaetsa laconic ba ne ba nkile sebaka tlaleho eo, Vladimir Denisov, mosebeletsi wa Russia ho etsa lipatlisiso 'me sebaka tlhahiso ea setsi. E o ile a bolela khopolo ea ho haha rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng haufi-hammoho moralo, ba khona ho etsa maeto a ho khoeli kapa Mars, Venus fofa ka bophara.

The rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng, ka leano la, e tla etsa motsamao oa lipolanete tšimong ea matla a khoheli a sebelisa ophthalmogyric kopantswe ya tlhomamiso ea nyutlelie. Orbital sefofane e rerile ho ba ka lebaka la ho "ophthalmogyric motlakase", le hlohlellelitse tsa nyutlelie seteishene matla, teng ka sekepeng.

Sebui se ile sa boela a bua ka hore motheo oa ho joalo morero e se e ntshetswa pele ke bo-rasaense ba Russia, ka ho khetheha Myasishchev Vladimir Mikhailovich. Ka nako e tšoanang ho bua ka masene khutsitse ka boemo bo tlaase la sesole la motho eo a bitsoang kateng.
E ne e le Major General moenjiniere.

Potlaka ha taba e ileng ea hlahisoa tlaleheloa

Vladimir Denisov, senola ka khoneha ho etsa lipatlisiso sehlooho e ka ho hlaka a bua ka tlisoa ho ba sethaleng sa sebetsa litšoantšo sefofane Myasishcheva MG-19, o ile a 70s ea tse lekholo tse fetileng.

E ne e le tsepisa mohlala. Tabeng ea pōpo lona, e leng e rerile ho ea qetellong ea ea 80s, USSR ka be ho bile haholo ka sebaka pele ba United States, haholo, "ho shapa" lenaneo American "Space Shuttle". The "M-19" o ne a sa phethiloe, Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa meloko e 'meli, Soviet baenjiniere sebaka, o ile a tšōmo ea.

Le teng letsatsi le maemo a ka lenaneo leanokakanywa Myasishcheva e bile ka lilemo tse 80 koala ka likhoka. E lokela ho ile a hlokomela: lifofane tsa Soviet lifofane moqapi Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19 o ne a sa ea entsoeng hampe feela. Nakoana mosebeletsi-batsamaisi ebe heletsa kaofela sesole saense ea hore hloka dithuso tsa ditjhelete le ho fana ka sephetho feela ka lilemo tse ngata, ha ho ipata ka mor'a demagogy.

Ho ea ka likhakanyo tsa morao-rao, tse mashome Myasishcheva lifofane le feteletseng tla netefatsa letseno ea Earth - Space bakeng sa nako ya ho fihlela qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XXI. Ka thuso ea lifofane tsena li theko e tlaase haholo le khōloanyane e ne e tla ba bōptjoa ka tsamaiso ya satellitari le liteishene tsa sebaka. bokgoni Combat ea litsamaiso sebaka ntlafatsa haholo.

Bokahohle moralo - sefofane Myasishcheva MG-19 - ka nako e tšoanang maikemisetso ho fihlela ho tse 'nè tsa saense, ho bōpa:

• athomo supersonic lifofane;
• hypersonic lifofane cryogenic mafura;
• aerospaceplane;
• spaceship, le khannoang ke melena nyutlelie.

Ka nako e tšoanang ho ena le ho Union porojeke e ne MG-19 "Buran-2" phehella le 'ngoe feela ea mesebetsi ana: qapa Aerospace sefofane. Ka mantsoe a mang, o ne a feela e le karabelo e lekaneng ho lenaneo American "Space Shuttle", ha ho letho le ho feta.

Vladimir, pele u nka ho fihlela ho lenaneo le sebaka, tlotlisoa lebitso la hae naheng ea theknoloji ea lifofane, ho bōpa e supersonic boima bomber mata. a biography hae le ho etsa lipatlisiso theknoloji inehetseng ho sehlooho sena.

Myasischev Vladimir Mikhailovich. mosebetsi oa Early

bophelo Monna enoa e ne e le matla haholo. Myasischev thabela botumo har'a basebetsi-'moho. Ea hae a hlompha Korolev, tse peli baenjiniere hlaheletseng lifofane motsoalle ea haufi. maikutlo a hae ile fihletse nako le ntshetsopele 'nile sverhaktualnymi. Lekane ho bolele hore lifofane Myasishcheva thehilwe 19 direkoto tsa lefatshe.

Belegetswe ea OKB-23 kakaretso moqapi ka 1902, mora oa mohoebi ea ruileng profinseng ea Tula. Thahasello ea lifofane e hlahile e le ngoana, ha motseng oa habo Efremov lula ke bakhanni le Lefubelu. Moshanyana ea se nang a ama matsoho a lifofane tsa bona 'me "kulang" bona bakeng sa bophelo.

Myasischev fumana mangolo ho tswa ho Moscow Phahameng Technical School. Bauman ka lilemo tse 25 'me ka nako e tšoanang' me ba nyala - Spendiarova ho Elena, morali oa e moqapi Armenian.

Ka mor'a ho fumana mangolo, o ile a sebetsa ka lilemo tse leshome le metso e ka Tupolev. O ile a ithuta ho subtleties ya moralo ka hlooho ea hae Petlyakova VM Vladimir Myasischev. Lifofane "Maxim Gorky" bohloa-20, TB-3 ke litholoana tsa mosebetsi oa boenjiniere bo le lere la botekgeniki, e fumanoeng ba le mohale ea sehlooho sena.

Vladimir ema har'a lithaka tsa motheo 'meleng le thuto ea lipalo tsebo. Ka 1934, o ne a hlokomela ho bōptjoa torpedo bomber mata bohloa-41, ho lula e le hlooho ea TsAGI sehlopha.

Ho tloha ka 1937 Myasischev ka rarolla le boima tlhahiso ea Li-2 e le moqapi ea ka sehloohong oa semela nomoro 84 (Khimki). Ena e ne e le ho amohela hore productionist boikgethelo.

Pholosa tšoaroa

Ha ho bonolo bakeng sa lebotho ba ne ba le linako tseo ka hatelloa tlhōrō ea eona kaofela. Ho mokitlane ya basebetsi motho ea NKVD, e leng "boko ba Makhotla ba hlometseng" ba ile ba leka ho e sireletsa. Mohlomong ke ka lebaka leo ka 1938, a sebetsa ka mokgwa o sa tsoelang pele Kostolomov Beria e itlhommeng pele ka ho moenjiniere aeronautical o ile a tšoaroa 'me ba qobelloa ho kena ba ipolele ea senya, ba ile ba leka le rometseng ho sebeletsa kahlolo ea hae chankaneng moralo Bureau nomoro 23.

Ha ba fihla moo, Myasischev a makala ha a bona sefahleho le tlwaetsego: motšoaruoa pele mokoetlisi oa hae Petlyakova, Tupolev, Mofumahali le ho feta ka barutehileng dozen lifofane. Ba seng feela sebetsa 'moho, empa hape o ne a lula ka kamoreng e tšoanang.

Leha ho le joalo, ho NKVD ne mohla e bolingani. Ka etseng letho Vladimir Mikhailovich ho kopanyelletsa le tse 10-selemo chankana le nkoa ka mahahapa thepa. Ka mokitlane lehlakoreng - sa ho pholosa bophelo, ho sebetsa ka thata, talenta, e le hore nakong e tlang ho tsosoloswa.

The constructor ne e ntle lelapa. Pholoha teko ile a mo thusa tšepa hape ho khutlela lapeng. Ha a ntse a hopola, feela ka mangolo mosali e se robeha.

Indasteri ea lifofane. mosebetsi oa ho ruta

Sefofane a hlokomela hore o ne a lokela ho ya bokgabane le originality. morero oo o ke popontshwa le nako e telele bomber mata ka 1939 pele Myasischev. Lifofane tsa tlhahiso ea Soviet Union, pele ho lona le moloko ka mor'a hae. Vladimir hlahiswa kaofela fapaneng ya dipopontshwa: thōko laoloang morathatha thepa, tšesaane lepheo 'me a haha ditanka, cheisi le e' ngoe ka mabili. Ka 1940, sefofane se ile sa lokolloa pele.

Ho tloha ka 1943, Vladimir Mikhailovich ka mor'a lefu la pele ho eena ba hae se ile sa etsa Kazan KB Petlyakova. Tlas'a boeta-pele ba hae, ya hlahiswa bomber mata Pe-2I, fetisisang counterparts Jeremane ka litšobotsi tse.

Ka 1945-taba oa porojeke ea hae ho bopa chetyrehdvigatelnogo bomber mata a hlokomela ntshetsopeleng unpromising le koaloa. From 1946 ho 1951. Myasischev sebetsa mookameli oa fakalti le bakeng sa kaho ea lifofane TsAGI. O borapelli tebisa tsebo ea bona. O, Major General Engineer, o ile a fuoa tlotla e tsa thuto ea moprofesa.

From bombers mosolotogamaano ho rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng

Myasischev ile feletseng lumellane le taba ea hore ka 1946 o ile a "raha tsoa ho sebelisa lifofane" ka lebaka la ho felloa ke tšepo ea ho hōla. E le moprofesa ka, o ile a khona ho bontša botšepehi ba ka sehloohong ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa lona hore e ngotsweng 1950 ka lengolo ea botho ho Stalin. O ne a lumela. Ka 1951, Major Kakaretso behile moqapi ka sehloohong bakeng sa ntshetsopele ya mosolotogamaano bomber mata M-4.

morero oo o ile ea e-ba fetang ka katleho. Vladimir Mikhailovich bōptjoa Union bomber ba ileng ba fetoha rodonachalnikdm kaofela lelapa la mechine tsena (M-50, M-52, M-53, M-54).

Ka 1956, pele constructor ka lekhetlo la pele re talimane le mosebetsi oa ho bōpa e enjene ea nyutlelie. Kakaretso Engineer phethahetseng ea mohlala bona pejana tsa Intercontinental bomber mata M-50. Le bokgoni ntle ntoa ea mochine, Leha ho le joalo, e huleloa tshebediso nyatsa Fuel: boima ba lithane tse 500 ka sefofane ka tsela e 'ngoe ho ea k'honthinente American. Ho hlompha mohale ea sehlooho sena, enjene moetsi e ne e se boholo ba hae.

Sena mosing bakeng sa ho qala lifofane tlhahiso ya serial ne mahlonoko. Moqapi etsa qeto ea ho felisa ho ea mohlala e tlang.

Lifofane M-60 Myasishcheva - mosolotogamaano bomber khannoang tsa nyutlelie melena - o ne a lokela ho ba e tsoetseng pele ho feta Intercontinental libetsa. Leha ho le joalo, mosebetsi oo o ne a ile a khaotsa ho. Ha se esita le taba ea hore le bothata ba ho mahlaseli a saense ea hore boemo ba ne a ke ke a lumella. Feela General Mongodi Khrushchev ka etsa qeto ea hore batho ba bangata tsepisa Intercontinental metsu ballistic tsa litlhaselo tsa.

Hamorao lifofane ba etsa qeto ea ho ba le lifofane tsa sebaka. Ho tloha ka 1956, ba hae OKB nomoro 23, pele ba Soviet Union ba ile ba sebetsa ka ho bōptjoa ha Lata sefofane, lulisa ka sefofane e. E khōlō ho etsa lipatlisiso boiphihlelo ne Myasischev. sebaka o se loketse lifofane ile ntshetswa pele ka "lefela", hobane ba feela ka mantsoe a ho fetisisa akaretsang, tse hlalositsoeng ke theorists. Ka e tšoanang le bo-rasaense ba naha, Maamerika entse lenaneo la tšoanang "Space Shuttle". Union phetolelo ea shuttle diplomacy sebaka bitsoa "Buran-1."

Vladimir mekhahlelo mosebetsi o ne a rerile ka sefofane, e analogues ya eo ha e ne e. Taba ea pele, CB hae e ntshetswa pele e mene khoneha variants ea li entseng ka eona:

• tse nang le mapheo le dikhutlo e nyenyane ea tlhaselo bakeng sa ho kena le ho braking flaps hypersonic;
• tse nang le mapheo le dikhutlo kgolo monyako oa tlhaselo le thero ea lulisa;
• wingless le litloholo tsa male rotor ea;
• conical lulisa parachute.

Ke tsoelo-pele ea amohelehang kaho ea mofuta o le likhutlo li tharo le tlase bataletse. Mohato ka mohato mesebetsi ntshetsopeleng atlehe thata, empa qetello lokiselitse bohloko le talenta ea mong rasaense. Thread koaloa. Sena se kenella subjective saense ne a ke ke esita le ka bonang esale pele Myasischev: Space lifofane li ne li sutumelletsa khutlela ka metsu USSR. Kakaretso Mongodi Khrushchev, bululetsoe ke katleho ea S. P. Koroleva, a etsa qeto ea: "Re na le mananeo a mabeli ha hula!" Molao-taelo oa Lekhotla la Matona e se e khaotsa mosebetsi oa ka ho ne ho bōptjoa pele "Buran".

Ka mo porojekeng rasaense morao-rao

Vladimir Mikhailovich e ne e le linate thata ho khoa: ho hatelloa, 'me a fetoha e mong oa bo-rasaense ba e etellang pele naheng ea sebaka ka lefatše. Lihlooho tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso ba hae ka likhoka koaloa habeli, empa ha aa ka a tela. Rasaense e mong feela o ile a akaretsa - lilemo. Myasischev o ne a tseba, e le qalo ea mosebetsi oa lefatše, ha aa ka a lokela ho qeta. Kahoo a kile a re motlatsi wa hae pele: "mosebetsi ona o tla ba le khantsi ka pina. Le ka lebaka la ho, ha ke u fumana. Leha ho le joalo, ke ka ho qala ho ka tsela e nepahetseng. "

Shestidesyatichetyrehletny moqapi joaloka akhela lilemo tse mashome a mane, ka cheseho ba ile ba ntshetsopele ya sehlooho lefatše "Chill-2", leo fella ka morero "Suborbital sefofane Myasishcheva MG-19." Ke entse lifofane e ncha ka ho feletseng.

The hlokahala motheo lipatlisiso, moralo, liteko, 'me qetellong a phethe mosebetsi oo ba ne ba beha tsoa e ka bang ka mashome a mabeli lilemo tse. Qalong rerile ho hlahisa thekenoloji cryogenic mafura tshebediso ya, ka nako eo tse setseng moralo mosebetsi.

Vladimir o bōpile le kopaneng litsebi le pōpo sehlopha ho rarolla saense le boenjiniere bo mosebetsi. Hlooho ea moralo e rarahaneng e-'moho le Myasishcheva AD Tohunts, sehloohong moqapi - IZ Plyusnin, e leng litsebi li libakeng tse thontsweng A. A. Bruk le N. D. Baryshov.

Myasishcheva suborbital sefofane. enjene

Buka e ikhethang oona tsamaisong ophthalmogyric ke pontšo ea ea mohlala bo19 la lilemo. E ile ea e-ba khopiso ho bo-rasaense ba bangata ba. Ba bang ba bona li nkoa feletseng fihleloa makgetheng botekgeniki tsa morero. Batho ba bang ba nahana ho le thata ho etsa enjene nyutlelie, ha ho soka mahlaseli astronauts bona.

Leha ho le joalo, sehlopha-khannoang moqapi, a bale hlokahala entsprechen botekgeniki la enjene, e le hore sefofane Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19 ha e sa bonahala e le toro. Kopantswe oona tsamaisong ophthalmogyric hore sebedisa matla a itsoara joang ka tsa nyutlelie, a mo fa monyetla oa hore ba se ke feela ho ba le haufi-Earth sebaka, empa hape e haufi le Moon. setsing tsa nyutlelie etsa hore ho khonehe ho sebelisa mefuta e tsoetseng pele ea libetsa sebaka: toloki, toloki, klimate.

morero o boetse o se matla bothata basesisi kgahlamelo ya maqhubu a. oa potoloho ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi ile ka thōko ho sebedisa khethehileng mocheso exchanger. Ka taba ena, Vladimir tšoara kamehla buisane le Mopresidente wa Union Academy of Sciences Aleksandrovym A. P. O rorisa sefofane bōpiloe ke Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19, e etsa hore a bue mantsoe a matla hore serial enjene ho kopantswe le setsing sa ea nyutlelie tla thehilwe lilemo tse leshome.

boitsebiso bo eketsehileng ka enjene

Nahana ka leqheka la ya enjene ea nyutlelie Myasishcheva. mafura haedrojene e sebetsa bakeng sa hae, e leng e fuoa enjene. Ho sebelisa tsamaiso ena mokelikeli sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie melena oxidant e sa hlokahala. Fuel e combusted ka laoloa ketane itšoara joang heats ka hydrogen e fetoloa lero la mali e tsoibitsoe ka nozzle le tlas'a khatello e khōlō 'me a ba qobelle "Space Shuttle:" Ho falla.

Morero o oela lehlatsipa schemers

lithuto tsa dikhomphuitha ba a tiisa tsotehang bokgoni botekgeniki ya Aerospace sefofane. Leha ho le joalo, mosebetsi oo e hloka ka ho eketsehileng ea lilemo tse hlano ho ithuta, ka tšohanyetso sabole ea Damocles leketlileng haufi. Defense Letona Ustinov tshehetswa morero phethahatsoa ka potlako Academician Glushko VP "Energia-Buran". Khahlanong le semelo sa boemo ba motho ea bone-rated ka boemo ba USSR lifofane Industry Letona Dementeva P. V. tšehetsa tsa nyutlelie lifofane Myasishcheva, ho ne ho se ea makhaola-khang. Peter V., kaha o ithutile ditokomane, utloisisa hore MG-19 ka ketsahalo ea ho thehoa lona le tla tšoaea karohano ya boleng ba lenaneo Union sebaka, 'me morero oo o "Buran" - karabelo ditshwani ho Pentagon.

Letona la indasteri ea lifofane ka nako e itseng o ile a leka ho lieha ho lihuoa ha lenaneo Academician Glushko. Leha ho le joalo, ho kopanela ho bōptjoa sebaka lifofane likhoebo tlase ile ra isoa ka taelo ea Minaviaproma ka Kakaretso Engineering Tšebeletso.

Kahoo matla schemers emisa mosebetsi oo, o bōpa e-potlana orbital sefofane sefofane Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19. Vladimir e ile ea e tlase ka sehloohong moqapi Lozino-Lozinski VG Work ka Aerospace sefofane ne butle-butle oo tlhomelwa tsoa, 'me ka mor'a hore ho Myasishcheva lefu ka 1978, ntshetsopele lona e ile ea koaloa.

Tsela ea ho utloisisa polelo ea setsi Khrunichev?

Babali ba seng ba ntse ba le maikutlo a akaretsang ya seo ke karolo ea sefofane Myasishcheva VM MG-19, e ka hona joale nahana ka ho hlaka hore na o ne a ho ne ho bolela ka polelo tsa morao tjena tsa moemeli oa sebaka mokhatlo o fanang ka Serussia.

E na le e itseng eo di ea mano ho yena. Hole le ho ba e pacifist ne Major General Myasischev. O ile a re tlalehong hrunichevskom ithuta sebaka tebileng ha e le hantle bakeng sa Russia kajeno hase ea bohlokoa palo 1. maemo hlokahala Etlare pele.

Mona ke ntlha e ka selemong se fetileng, e leng hlooho ea Lefapha la tsa Institute of Space Research Ras Igor Mitrofanov. O ile a hlokomela hore ho etsa lipatlisiso sebaka baratos tla phethahala ka mor'a lilemo tse 25, ha bothata ba ho sireletsa sekepe se tla etsa qeto ea le basesisi ba sekepe ho tloha mahlaseli bokahohleng.

moholo haholo moleko ho sebelisa bokhoni se nang moeli sesole sebaka. Suborbital lifofane Union lifofane Vladimir Myasishcheva haholo fokotsa litsenyehelo tsa ho pepa le tlhomamiso ea likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea sebaka. Tseo e ka ba sebetsa se e tsamaelanang le motlakase sera sa motlakase pulse length, intercepts e Lata e matla ka laser, ka remoutu laoloang lerumo tsoibilang makalana fifala ha khoeli. Kajeno bayemi ba ho ntshetsa pele le ho ena libetsa eksotiske:

• boemo ba leholimo;
• go therepa asteroids le retarget bona ha ba le liphofu fatše.

Ka tsela eo, haeba e ne e ka etsahala ho bopa sefofane Myasishcheva M-19 kajeno, ka nako eo ho ne ho tla bolela ntho e le 'ngoe feela - ka ho potoloha e ntjha ya peiso matsoho a ka se fuputsa sebaka haufi. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, ka morero morolo ea rarahaneng tebileng thulametse ke bo-rasaense ba feela ka lilemo tse mashome a mabeli.

E ka ba hloka tsebo ho lumela hore Khrunichev Center tla fumana kabo tsa mosebetsi ona ha o tsoe sesole.

bofello

Hang Letona la tsamaiso ea lifofane Industry tsa USSR Dementyev ne imprudence ho re kopanong ea sefofane hore diporojeke tse di Myasishcheva tla kenngwa tshebetsong ha mabitla a bohle ba hona joale, bana ba bona ba tla lebaloa.

Ho bonahala eka o ne a se fositse. Kajeno hape fumanang kamano lilemong tsa bo-XXI, ntshetsopele ya seventies, e suborbital sefofane Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19.

Ho ea ka bokhoni ba lona saense e thehiloeng sefofane, e leng Major General feta tshebetso ya shuttle diplomacy sebaka ka litsupa tse ngata tsa motheo:

• azimuth efe kapa efe;
• ikemetseng khutla ho site ya simolleng le monyetla oa ho ho intša tloswa;
• eketseha bokgoni a moruo;
• tshebediso ya mefuta e fapaneng bophara ba mefuta orbit;
• khoneha sebaka sefofane alternately ba moea ka ba bolelele ba 50-60 thous. km le, 'me joale hape khutlela sepakapakeng.

Leha ho le joalo, ha bohle ba ka "melemo" tsa MiG-19 Myasishcheva fumana bohlokoa ho ithuta rarahaneng le haufi hona joale. Pele u mo lumella hore a batho ba sebete lokela ho ka saense le ka botsebi ho rarolla bothata ba bona ba polokeho mahlaseli.