Tundra tlelaemete ho Russia le Amerika Leboea

Lefatše ke e ngata haholo, 'me ka ho hlakileng, maemo a lona a klimate a fapana haholo. Ntho e 'ena e na le tšusumetso e bohlokoa ka limela le liphoofolo, tse ka sitisang kapa ntsetso-peleng bophelo ba tikolohong eo. Ho joalo, tundra tlelaemete - e mong oa matla ka ho fetisisa le thata-to-bophelo.

Moo libaka tsa tundra ho

Ka North America tundra libaka e leng hammoho le lebōpo la leboea le hōle ea karolo e kontinenteng ya k'honthinenteng ena. Ho ae phethang ho fetisisa la naha ea Greenland le sehlopha sa lihlekehleke Canada le fetela le ho e tšoanang le 60th. E bakiloeng ke hema batang ea Leoatle la Arctic.

The tundra Russia e ka bang 15% ea tšimo kaofela tsa mmuso. Ho otlolla hammoho le lebōpo la Leoatle la Arctic e batlang e moqotetsane hlobolisa. Leha ho le joalo, libakeng tse ling, ho hlokahala fetang tšimong e sabaletseng. libaka tsena li akarelletsa sehlekehlekeng Taimyr, Chukotka. Ho sa tsotellehe ho linaha tsa lehoatata le khaello ea limela, ho tundra phela baemeli ba tse sa tšoaneng tsa liphoofolo.

Zonal arola Tundra

Tlas'a sehlooho se reng "Tundra" pata mane subzones fapaneng. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go sebaka fapaneng, lefelo la libaka le planar kapa bohole ba maoatle kapa lithaba. tundra tlelaemete ho e mong le e seleng e fapana. Ho na le tsena tse latelang tlas'a maemo a karohano:

• Arctic mahoatateng;
• tloaelehileng tundra;
• tundra;
• lithaba tundra.

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore boemo ba leholimo ba tundra le moru tundra softer bapisoa le tsa lehoatata Arctic, e ho joalo haholo hore libakeng tse ba le limela le liphoofolo futsanehile haholo.

Arctic ea lehoatata

Zone arctic ea lehoatata e teng Amerika Leboea le ea nang le matla ka ho fetisisa maemo a klimate. Russia, subzone ena ha e yo. Summer nka libeke tse seng kae feela. Mariha nka likhoeli tse fetang tse tšeletseng. Mariha, letsatsi le ke ke oa tsoa holim'a atamela. Moea fihla leholiotsoana sebetse.

Mariha mocheso ho hangata e oela ho -60? C. Mocheso karolelano nakong e khutšoanyane ea lehlabula e le ha sa feteng 5? C. Pula e nyenyane haholo - batlang selemo oela 500 limilimithara. Limela etsa mosses le boriba, e leng koahela lihlekehleke fatše. Ka ea lehlabula, hona fetoha ka mokhoabong subzone. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho le mouoane tlaase ya metsi nakong ena. Ho phaella moo, permafrost ha phunyeletse tebileng ka ho sona.

Leha ho le joalo, sebakeng arctic ea lehoatata ke tikoloho ea bohlokoa ea liphoofolo le linonyana ikatisa. Nakong ea selemo ho na le likhantši, eiders, guillemots, puffins, waders, e lebōpong ea ho pholoha liqibi, walruses, libere Polar, musk lipholo. U ka boela ua fumana lemmings le liphiri tse phofu ka ho bona.

tloaelehileng tundra

Tundra tlelaemete, e amana le subzone ena e boetse ke a thata haholo, empa ho bapisoa ho Arctic ea lehoatata, o ne a ntse softer. Summer thempereichara e ka fihla 10? C, nakong ea mariha -50? C. The lehloa sekoahelo sa eona e sa tebang 'me le letso-letso. Selemo e qala ka May, le mariha selemong qala ka October. Ka likhoeli tse ea lehlabula ke snowfalls khoneha, ka lebaka la ho permafrost ho na le ba bangata ba le melapo, matangoana, matša le mokhoabo oo. Ba sa tebang 'me ho le bonolo ho fetela sleds. Mariha e tšoauoa ka meea e matla le snowstorms. Limela koahela sekoahelo e tiileng, ho ke ke haholo-holo mosses le boriba.

Ikutloeleng boroa, o ka fumana e tlase-ho hōla mofero Blueberry, ea rosemary hlaha, cranberries, Cassandra. Ka mabōpong a linōka le matša a ka bonoa sedge lihlahla, dwarf moluoane , birch, alder, junipere. Joalo Russia tundra tlelaemete fetela le ho ea ka boroa ho fihlela July 10 isotherm. Ka maemo ana a thata a phelang, kamehla Polar liphooko, ptarmigan, caribou, liphiri, lemmings, mechalla le liphokojoe. Libakeng tse ling, ho na le likhama.

Arctic tsa lehoatata ka thelelo ka bobeli subzone boemo ba leholimo. Tundra tlelaemete Amerika Leboea e fapaneng ho tloha Russia. Tse kang mobu e fokolang ya (peat-gley, gley tundra, permafrost Bog), meea e matla le tse phahameng serame e sa lumelloa ho ba le dimela phahameng bophahamo le ho ntshetsa pele tsamaiso ea motso. Leha ho le joalo, sebaka koahetsoeng ka boriba le boriba, ke lekhulo bakeng sa khama ka Amerika le Russia.

morung-tundra

E ka boroa ke sebaka, boemo ba leholimo le fetoha ho futhumala. Sebaka sa khaotseng ea boriba, boriba le tlaase-ho hōla dimela, e leng ho ba qala ho hlaha libakeng tse nang le lifate tse telele - ena e bitsoa libaka tundra boemo ba leholimo. Ho otlolla mose ho eohle ea North America le Eurasia - ho tloha Kola Hloahloeng ho Indigirka. Tundra tlelaemete ka-potlana libaka dumella limela le liphoofolo bobeli na ho feta ho atile.

Mariha mocheso ho fihle ho tloswa likhato tse 40 Celsius, ea lehlabula -? 15 C. Selemo le selemo pula fihla limilimithara 450 feela. Snow sekoahelo sa eona ke junifomo, e thehiloe fatše ka likhoeli tse 9. Pula e fetang e le mouoane, kahoo mobu bogolosegolo peat-gley, peat Bog, libakeng tse ling tsa gley-podzolic. Ka lebaka lena, a mangata matša jala.

From limela tse ling ho feta bath tloaelehileng tundra, ho na le balsame hum kalse mohbat ka, phaene, Siberia larch, warty birch. Linōka ba le tšusumetso e moderating ka tlelaemete ya. Ka lebaka la lifate ena tlaase-ho hōla haufi le lebōpo le phunyeletse ka tundra ena. Hape tloaelehileng tundra, ho na le mefuta e kang khoale tšoeu, shrews, liphokojoe.

lithaba tundra

Sena ke e ka thoko potlana-libaka, e leng le hlaha ka bophahamong phahameng le libakeng tseo lithoteng, se entsoeng ka mapolanka, pota-potiloe ke mafika a le maporogo. Mountain tundra ho tloaelehile lithaba tsa North-East ea Russia, ka boroa Siberia, Tibet, ka Pacific lebōpong la North America, lihlabeng tsa Davis Strait, nakong Brooks Range, Alaska Range joalo joalo.

tundra tlelaemete lithabeng e tšoauoa ka meea e matla, batang, permafrost, lebaka la ho hloka lehloa libakeng tse bulehileng. E qala subzone ea moeli oa moru le e qetella ho ea moeling oa moleng lehloa ka litlhōrō ka. Haufi le lifate tse telele hōla lihlahla tsa moluoane le alder. The haufi le boemo ba ka holimo, ba boholoanyane sebaka, koahetsoeng ka joang, halofo ea lihlahla, mosses le boriba.

Ho sa tsotellehe boemo ba leholimo e sehlōhō ea tundra, sena sebakeng tsa tlhaho ke ea ruileng ho tsoma fatše. Ho ka maemo ana a phela le bakang le mefuta e mengata ea limela le liphoofolo tse sa fumanoa libakeng tse ling. Tse ling tsa mefuta e ba bona ba ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka kotsing ea ho fela. Ho phaella moo, tundra ruileng lirafshoa, ho hlahisa eo e ntse e eketseha selemo le selemo, ho sa tsotellehe boemo ba leholimo e.