Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Lilemo Tse Ngata ea leano la 'muso

Mikhail Fedorovich ile ea e- pele Russia Tsar tsa Romanov leloko la borena la. Qetellong ea February 1613 o ile a khethoa hore 'musi oa' muso ho ea Russia Zemsky Sobor. A qala ho busa ha karela lefa, eseng ka ho inkela ka mahahapa ea matla, 'me ha ba volition hae. Mikhail Fedorovich le ile la khethoa ke Molimo le batho, 'me ka nako eo o ne a le lilemo li 16 feela. puso ea hae ba ne ba nako e thata haholo. Mikhail Fedorovich ka qetello ne a lokela ho sebetsana le mathata a tebileng a moruo le lipolotiki: naheng ea ho tsoa ea pherekano eo ho eona ho ne ho le ka mor'a Likhathatso, ho phahamisa le ho ba matlafatsa moruo, ho boloka naha ea bo-ntat'a ba, rusolotsoe. Empa ntho e ka sehloohong - ho tšoara le ho lokisa ntlo ea Romanov teroneng Serussia.

Romanov leloko la borena la. Mihail Fedorovich Romanov

Lelapa Romanov na Boyar Fedora Nikiticha, eo hamorao e ileng Mopatriareka Filaret, le Xenia Ivanovna (Shestova), la 12 July, 1596 ka ba le mora. Ba ile ba mo reha Michael. Romanov lelapa ile amanang le leloko la borena la Rurikovich 'me o ne a ruile haholo' me tsebahalang le. malapa a sena boyar ruilweng estates a mangata, eseng feela karolong e ka leboea le e bohareng ea Russia, empa hape ka Don le ka Ukraine. Qalong, Michael o ne a lula le batsoali ba hae ka Moscow, empa ka 1601 lelapa la hae ba ile ba oela disfavor le ile ea behoa tlas'a nyeliso. Busa ha Boris Godunov ne ba bolelloa hore Romanovs lokisetsa plot le batla ho mo bolaea le ka thuso ea ka potion boselamose. Bolaoe, lateloa hang-hang - litho tse ngata tsa lelapa la Romanov ba ile ba tšoaroa. Ka June 1601 ho ea sebokeng sa ka Boyar Duma qeto e ne e le: Fedor Nikitich le banab'abo: Alexander, Michael, Vasily le Ivan - lokela ho amohuoa thepa, a tlameha ho khaola moitlami, ba botlamuoeng le chankaneng libaka fapaneng hōle le motse-moholo. Fedor Nikitich o ile a romeloa ho Antony tsa dudugo Monastery, eo e teng ka jeoa ke bolutu, sebaka lesupi, 165 miles from Lengeloi le ka Sehloohong, ka nōka Dvina tsoha. E ne e ho na le hore ntate oa hae Mikhail Fedorovich kuta ka baitlami le e mong ea bitsoang Filaret. Mè oa mohatelli nakong e tlang, Xenia Ivanovna, o ile a qosoa ka hore complicity ka tlōlo ea molao khahlanong le matla a borena le isoa botlamuoeng ka setereke Novgorod, ka Tol-Egoryevsky mabitleng e neng e le Vazhitskomu baitlami. Mona moriri oa hae khaola ka moitlami e, ea bitsoang Martha, 'me a koalloa chankaneng ka mohahong o monyenyane, pota-potiloe ke terata e phahameng.

Amahanya Mikhail Fedorovich ho Byelozero

Little Michael, eo e neng e ka nako eo ea selemo botšelela, ba botlamuoeng hammoho le khaitseli ea hae e robeli lilemo Tatyana Fedorovna le rakhali, Marfoyu Nikitichnoy Cherkassky, Ulyanoy Semenovoy le Anastasia Nikitichna ka Beloozero. Na, moshanyana o hōletse tikolohong e sehlōhō ka ho fetisisa, fepehang hantle, a utloa bohloko mathata le ho iphelisa. Ka 1603, Boris Godunov nolofatsa kahlolo le lumelloa Michael, 'me Martha Ivanovna, tla ka bana Beloozero. A nako e khutšoanyane hamorao mohatelli lumelloa ho resettle batlamuoa seterekeng Yuriev-Polsky, motseng oa Klin - letsoalloa fiefdom Romanovs. Ka 1605, o ile a tšoaroa ke matla a Bohata Dmitry ke, ba batla ho bontša hore kamano ea bona le fane Romanov khutlela Moscow baphonyohi ba baemeli ba eona botlamuoeng, ho akarelletsa le lelapa la Michael, le a le mong. Fedor Nikitich ile ha fanoa ka Rostov archdiocese.

Smoot. Boemo ba ho thibelloa ka Moscow, morena nakong e tlang

Linakong tse thata, ho tloha 1606 ho lilemo tse 1610, melao Vasiliy Shuysky. Nakong ena liketsahalo tse ngata tse khōlō se ile sa etsahala Russia. Ho kopanyelletsa le tse hlaha 'me a hōla mokhatlo oa "masholu", le la boemo bo tlaase merusu, e leng se ileng I. Bolotnikov. Hamorao, o ile a ke sebetse 'moho ho fihlela ka pretender e ncha, "Tushino" Bohata Dmitry II. Poland kenella qala. Selekane mabotho a hapa Smolensk. Boyars Shuisky ile lihuoa le tsoang teroneng le ka lebaka la hore o ka lepotlapotla hlabileng le Sweden Vyborg konteraka. Tlasa tumellano ena, le Swedes o ile a lumela ho thusa Russia ho loantša Dmitry Bohata, 'me ka khutla amohela Kola Hloahloeng. Ka bomalimabe, qetello ea konteraka Vyborg ne ke sa boloka Russia - lipalo hlōla Serussia Seswedishe lebotho la ntoeng Klushinskoy le bula ka boeona e atamelang ho Moscow. Ka nako ena, ho boyars, mathang naha, ho itlama ho tšepahala ho mora oa morena oa Selekane Sigismund, Vladislav. Naha e aroha lihlopha tse peli. Ka nako ea lilemo tse 1610 ho 1613 ea-ba khahlanong le Poland merusu ea batho e tsohile. Ka 1611 ho ile ha thehoa militia le tlasa boetapele ba Lyapunov, empa ho ne ho hlōla mathōkong a Moscow. Ka 1612 baka militia ka bobeli. Ho o ea hokae ka Dmitry Pozharsky le Kuzma Minin. Ka qetellong ea lehlabula la 1612 ho na le e ne e le ntoa e tšabehang, e neng e hlōla ke masole Serussia. Hetman Chodkiewicz ikhula ho Vorobiev lithaba. Ho ea qetellong ea October lebotho Russia hleka ea Moscow ho tswa ho lipalo metse ka metso ka hare ho eona, emetse thuso ho tswa Sigismund. boyars Russia, ho akarelletsa le Mikhail Fedorovich le 'mè oa hae Maretha, a hapa, ba hlokofatsoa ke tlala le privation, ba ile ba qetella a lokolloa.

A leka ho bolaea ba Fyodor Mikhailovich

Ka mor'a ho thibelloa ka thata tsa Moscow, Mikhail Fedorovich o ile a ea Kostroma fiefdom. Mona, Morena oa ka moso lesoba la nale phonyohile lefu matsohong a ba setho sa kenke ea lipalo ba lutse ka Railway-Borovsky baitlami le batla le tsela ea ho Domnino. Spas tsa Mikhail Fedorovich la balemi Ivan Susanin, ea ileng a ithaopela ho bontša masholu tsela e eang morena oa ka moso 'me a ba etella pele ho lehlakoreng le leng, ho mekhoabong ea. A morena oa ka moso ile ra balehela baitlami ba Yusupov. Ivan Susanin ile ba hlokofatsoa, empa ha aa ka a senola lefelo ya Romanov. Hore 's ea bongoaneng thata le lilemo tsa bocha e ne e le morena oa ka moso, ea lilemo li 5, e ile likhoka arohane le batsoali ba bona' me ba phela le ntate 'mè oa hae e ile ea e le khutsana,' nileng ba ba le mathata a ho itšehla thajana ho tloha lefatšeng ka ntle, masetla-pelo a ho thibelloa le ho bolaoa ke tlala.

Zemsky Sobor 1613 dikgetho tsa Mikhail Fedorovich

Ka mor'a ho lelekoa ha bahlaseli boyars le militia le eteletsoe pele ke Prince Pozharsky ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho khetha morena e mocha. La 7 February, 1613 ho likhetho tsa selelekela tsa nobleman tloha Galich sisintsweng ho enthrone mora oa hae Filaret, Mikhail Fedorovich. Ya bonkgetheng ba tsohle tseo a kamano e ne e le haufi haholo le lelapa Rurik. Metseng e mengata li ne li romela manģosa ho fumana hore maikutlo a batho. February 21, 1613 dikgetho ho qetela li ne li tšoareloa. batho ba ile ba etsa qeto: "Ho ba naha Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov." Le ho etsa qeto ena, le projectile ya ntlokemedi, ho tsebisa likhetho tsa Mikhail Romanov Tsar. La 14 March, 1613 manģosa, a tsamaea le mokoloko ka, o ile a tla Ipatiev Monastery le otloa epoophoron moitlami Martha. Long susumetsa qetella a tla phethahala, 'me Mihail Fedorovich Romanov o ile a lumela ho ba le morena. 2 feela May 1613 finyella hlollang tiileng monyako ho Moscow naha - ha, ka maikutlo a hae, motse-moholo, le Kremlin ne a itokiselitse ho e amohela. July 11 ile a beha ka ea puso ea morena e ncha - Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Mokete tiileng e ile ea tšoareloa khopolo ea Cathedral.

Tšimoloho ea puso ea Moemphera

Mikhail Fedorovich nka reins tsekolotsoeng, timetsoe 'me ha mo qeta naha. Linakong tse thata batho ba hlokahala feela ba mohatelli joalo - ka seatla se bulehileng, e khahlehang, ea bonolo, mosa, 'me ka seatla se bulehileng ka nako e tšoanang ka litšoaneleho tsa moea. Ha ho makatse hore ebe batho ba sa mo bitsa "bonolo." Botho ba morena o ile a thusa ho matlafatsa matleng a Romanovs. Malapeng Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha ka qalong ea puso ea hae, o ne a ikemiseditse ho tsosolosa odara ka har'a naha. mosebetsi o itseng oa bohlokoa ke ho felisa likenke tsa brigands rampaging hohle. Le morenana Cossack Ivan Zarutsky loana le ntoa ea sebele, e tlileng ka nkhape batšoaruoa le ho bolaoa morago ga moo. mathata a hlobaetsang le tsa balemi ba. Ka 1613, kabo ea linaha tsa sechaba ho hlokahale e se e phethahatsoa.

Bohlokoa mosolotogamaano le ho etsa liqeto - e truce le Sweden

Tsoang linaheng tse ling Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha ile concentrated ka qetello ea la armistice le Sweden 'me qetello ea ntoa le Poland. Ka 1617 o ne a khabisitsoeng Stolbovsky konteraka. tokomane ena ka molao e ile ea fela ea ntoa le Sweden, e leng e ile ea nka lilemo tse tharo. Hona joale linaheng tse Novgorod ba ile ba aroloa pakeng tsa 'Muso oa Russia (o ile a khutlela motseng o hapa: Veliky Novgorod, Ladoga, Gdov, Porkhov, Staraya Russa le Sumerskaya sebakeng) le ka' Muso oa Sweden (a fihla Ivangorod, Koporje, Yam, Korela, Oreshek, Neva). Ho feta moo, Moscow a tlameha ho lefa chelete e khōlō ea Sweden - 20 likete li-ruble silevera. Stolbovsky lefatše khaola naha ho tloha Leoatle la Baltic, empa bakeng sa Moscow ho etsa qeto ea truce ena lumelloa ho tsoela pele ntoa ea bona le Poland.

Ho phethoa Serussia Poland ntoa. Kgutlisa ea Mopatriareka Filaret

Serussia Poland ntoa e ile ea nka, le a sa tšoaneng le katleho, ho tloha 1609. Ka 1616, mabotho a lireng, e eteletsoeng pele ke Wladyslaw Vasa le hetman Yanom Hodkevichem, hlasela tšimong ea Russia, ke lakatsa eka ho ba liha terone ea Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. E ka 'na ea fihla feela Mozhaisk, moo e ne e sa emisitswe ho. Ho tloha ka 1618 ho lebotho o ile a kopanela lebotho la Seukraine Cossacks Hetman P. Sahaidachny hokae. makhotla a kopanetsoeng ba itsohlometsa eaba le Moscow, empa o ne a atleha. mabotho a Poland ikhula 'me a lokisa haufi le Boraro-bo--Sergiase Monastery. Ka lebaka leo, mekga ile a lumela ho buisana le armistice e ile saennweng motseng Deulina la 11 December, ka 1618, e leng e ile ea fela ea Russia-Poland ntoa. Terms of konteraka ba ne ba a sa thabiseng, empa 'muso oa Russia o ile a lumela ho amohela bona e le hore ho thibela ho se tsitse ka hare le ho tsosolosa naha. Tlas'a konteraka ya, Russia lags morao Rzeczpospolita Roslavl, Dorogobuzh, Smolensk, Novgoro-Seversky, Chernigov, Serpeysk le metseng e meng. Hape nakong ea lipuo e ne e lumela ho tela batšoaruoa. July 1, 1619 leqepheng nōka Polyanovka ne fanana batšoaruoa ba le Filaret, ntate ea morena a qetella a khutlela hae. Hamorao, o ne a hlomamisoa e le mopatriareka.

Diarchy. The qeto e bohlale ea ho babusi bao ba babeli ba lefatše Russia

'Muso oa Russia o ne o tla e thehilweng ho thoeng ke matla kopanetsoe. Hammoho le ntate oa hae, mopatriareka Mikhail Fedorovich o ile a qala ho busa. O, joaloka morena a, o ile a fuoa e le sehlooho sa " 'musi oa moholo". Ka lilemo tse 28, Mikhail Fedorovich nyala Maria Vladimirovna Dolgoruky. Empa selemo hamorao o ile a shoa. Ka lekhetlo la bobeli, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich nyala Evdokii Lukyanovne Streshnevoy. Lilemong tse ka lenyalo a mo tsoalla bana ba leshome. Ka kakaretso, Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha le Filaret e se e ikemiseditse ho ho bogareng tsa matla, ho tsosolosoa ha moruo le tlale polokelo ea matlotlo. Ka June 1619 ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea hore e ripitliloeng makhetho naha o tla nkuoa ke sentinel kapa cadastres. Ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho phetha palo ea baahi e baloe hape ho theha boholo ba se nepahetseng hantle sa lekgetho la lekhetho. Sebakeng seo li rometsoe bangoli le dozorschiki. Ka ea puso ea Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea lekhetho go kokoanya dintlhakhutlogo libuka mongoli hlahiswa habeli. Ho tloha ka 1620 ho ea tšimo ba ne ba khethoa ke le babusisi le baholo, ho boloka botsitso.

tsosolosa Moscow

Nakong ea puso ea Mikhail Fedorovich butle-butle e tsosolositsoeng le motse-moholo le metseng e meng, timetsoa nakong Likhathatso le. Ka 1624 ho ile ha hahoa Stone tente le hlollang oache ho fetela ho Spasskaya tora le belfry haha Filaret. Lilemong tse 1635-1636 ho ile ha hahoa Lejoe mansions bakeng sa morena le bana ba hae sebakeng sa lehong khale. le likereke tsa 15 ho hahiloe ka naha ea Nicholas ho Spassky Heke. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho tsosolosa ea metse timetsoa, leano la Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova ile ikemiseditse ho bokhobeng ba ho eketsehileng balemi ba. Ka 1627,, molao o ne a bōpiloe e lumelloa bahlomphehi bona bequeath naha (morena o ne a sebelisoa ho etsa sena). Ho phaella moo, sete ya tse hlano lihloela balemi 'malehi, eo ka 1637 e ile ea atolosetsoa ho lilemo tse 9,' me ka 1641-m - ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 10.

Bōpa e regiments lebotho la ntjha

E mosebetsi oa bohlokoa oa Mikhail Romanov e ne e le popo ea lebotho le kamehla ea sechaba. Ka 30-ogy. XVII lekholong la lilemo la ho ne ho "liluloaneng ea tsamaiso e ncha." Har'a bona e ile entsoe ka bana boyars 'le batho ba lokolohileng le ba tsoang linaheng lisele ba ile ba amohela bakeng sa boemo ba basebeletsi. Ka 1642 e ile a qala ho koetlisa tsoang linaheng tse ling batho ba sesole palo. Ho phaella moo, ba ile ba qala ho theha Reitarska masole a le bapalami ba lipere manar regiments. Hape kgethilweng pedi Moscow regiments tsa bōptjoa, tse neng li hamorao bitsoa Lefortovo le Butyrsky (ho tloha metsana, tse neng li fumaneha).

ntshetsopeleng indasteri

Ho phaella tabeng ea ho bōptjoa ha lebotho, morena Mihail Fedorovich Romanov ile a leka ho hlahisa mesebetsi ea matsoho a fapaneng ka har'a naha. 'muso e ne e le ho bitsa ka bahlahisi tsoang linaheng tse ling (tsomang, bathehi, gunsmiths) ka mantsoe a molemo ka. Moscow, le ho fedisa Jeremane e thehiloe, moo ba ileng ba lula le ho sebetsa e le moenjiniere le sesole tsoang linaheng tse ling. Ka 1632, ho dimela bakeng sa lahla cores le lithunya haufi Tula ne e hahiloe. Ho ntshetsa pele le indasteri Textile: Velvet jareteng buloa Moscow. Ho ne ho etsoa ho fana ka koetliso Velvet joalo. Ka Kadashevskaya Sloboda qala difeme Textile.

ho ena le hore phetheha

Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov a shoa a le lilemo li 49. Ho etsahetseng la 12 July, 1645. Le ka lebaka la mesebetsi ea eona ea 'muso e ne e le e nang le khutso puso, ferekanang Likhathatso, ho thehoa ha matla gare wa, leruo, kotombola, tsosolosa moruo, indasteri le khoebo. Nakong ea puso ea Romanov pele o ne a khaolitse ho loana le Sweden le Poland, 'me ka phaella moo, likamano tsa mebuso le linaha tsa Europe' nete.