Teko ea mali immunoassay (immunogram) bontšang litšobotsi, deciphering

Analysis mali immunological - ka mokhoa o sebelisoang ke lingaka ho fumana hore na hore na 'mele oa mokuli ho hanela mafu bo tebileng boo baktheria le ea vaerase. diphetho Diagnostic beha boemo ba tshireletso ya boitshireletso ha ho hlahloba le litsupa ya boleng le ditirisanommogo ea lisele le ho ba teng ha lisireletsi tse maling.

Joang tshireletso ea 'mele ea

Mojaki mahlahana (livaerase, libaktheria, li-fungus, lik'hemik'hale le lintho tse chefo) hore kena 'mele, ba bitsoa antigens. boitshireletso ba mmele arabela tlhaselo ea tsona ea molokong o mong ka mafolofolo tsa seo ho thoeng ke antibody - lihlopha e itseng holim'a lymphocytes, ikemiseditse ho tlama ho antigens le inactivation bona morago ga moo.

Le nonofo ya mmele, khethollo ea 'me sebopeho sa lisele tse boitshireletso simoloha makala tse latelang:

• lesapo moko, teng ka masapo kgolo;
• thymus;
• tonsils;
• lisele tsa mmele nodes.

mali tlhoekiso tloha mahlahana a tsoang linaheng tse ling tse amanang le lisele tsa mali, le hlaha ka spleen ena. Lymphocytes ba isoa ho pholletsa le 'mele' me namela libakeng tse fapaneng le hona joale ea lisele tsa mmele ka lijaneng tsa lisele tsa mmele. Sena se phetha karolo ea pheriferale ya boitshireletso ba mmele.

Bontšang bakeng sa ho phetha tlhathoba

immunological teko ea mali laolwa maemong a latelang:

• hangata buuoang ka eona khafetsa mafu se hlahang ho yona tšoaetsanoang;
• phallang boima mafu a tšoaetsanoang;
• Fumanweng immunodeficiency kapa mofuta congenital;
• ho ba teng ha lefu la autoimmune;
• maemo alejiki;
• tlhokeho ya tsereletsi e pharaletseng e khōlō ho buoa;
• postoperative mathata;
• laola baeti ba fihlelang ho liphetho tsa immunomodulators ka dipharologanyo;
• ipolaisa tlala;
• botahoa ea tlhaho fapaneng;
• neoplastic dithulaganyo;
• lefu la tsoekere;
• ntshetsopeleng ya litla bo tebileng boo lehlakoreng bakuli fumana meriana.

Litsupa immunogram se transcribe basebetsi laboratori. diphetho Survey ne hlahlojoa ke ngaka ho ba teng.

Immunological ho hlahloba mali

Ho sephetho e qetellang ea tshekatsheka e akarelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ya mesebetsi ikemiseditse ho beha litsupa ditirisanommogo le boleng tsa lisele tse boitshireletso - lisireletsi. Maemong a mangata, tataiso ea tlhatlhobisisa setsebi bontša eo kgokahanyo ya lintlha tshireletso lokela ho hlahlojoa.

Feletseng immunogram, theko ea tsona e ka mefuta e fapaneng ya 5-6 likete li-ruble, ke ho ena ja nako e ngata le ho screening ea mosebetsi o boima-e matla, kahoo dilaboratiriamong li tsejoa feela mehato tseo tse hlokahalang ngaka.

Hangata e le hore mali a nkiloeng ho fuputsa mabaka ana immunological:

1. litsupa ditirisanommogo tsa immunoglobulin serum M, A, G, E.
2. Motlatsi karolo C3 S4-2.
3. Mosebetsi tshebetso ya lisele tse 'mele.
4. Phagocytic-index.
5. Proliferative mosebetsi oa lymphocytes.
6. Ditirisanommogo litsupa subpopulations lisele tse 'mele.

Overview tsa litsupa ka sehloohong

Analysis ka immunogram haholo-holo rerang boemo ba tshebetso le immunoglobulins. Palo moholo ka ho fetisisa (75%) lula le immunoglobulins G. Ba khona ho phunyeletse e placenta ho tloha ho 'm'a ho lesea le, ho bōpa oona tsamaisong ya tshireletso bona lesea.

Haeba liteko tsa mali bontša e sa lekaneng palo ya immunological IgG, ho ka bontša ho ba teng ha hlahala ea tsamaiso lymphatic, kapa bolaeang mofuta wa ntshetsopele e fokolang ea batho. The boemo bo phahameng ba le bopaki ba lefu sebete, autoimmune kapa mafu a tšoaetsanoang.

IgM ke karolo ea leshome ea immunoglobulins tse ling tsohle. Ba hlaha ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea lefu lena. Kenyelletsa IgM ruruhisang lintlha le immunoglobulins-ba khahlanong le infective. Phahameng tse ngata li bontša ho thatafala ha sebete kapa lefu la sebete ntshetsopele.

IgA ke 15% ea boima ba 'mele kakaretso ea immunoglobulins ena. Ba mucosal tšireletso ea lintlha. teko ea mali e bontša boemo bo phahameng ba immunological ntshetsopele ya lupus erythematosus, e ruruhisang ramatiki, myeloma, joala chefo.

Nakong ea pele matsatsi a 14 of lefu lena le hlaha IgA. Ka matsatsi a mang a 7 ho kena palo ea bona ea IgM. Ho ea qetellong ea khoeli ho tloha qalong ea ntshetsopele ya lefu lena le ka mali a ea ka hore na antibody sehlopha sa A, M le G. Ha mokuli e ka lokisoang ka, IgA le IgG lisireletsi lule tsamaiso ea mali, empa litsupa bona ditirisanommogo ke fatše makhetlo a 2-4.

Ho na le IgE le IgD. lisireletsi tsena hlaha bakeng sa liponahatso alejiki le infestations helminth. Ka motho ea phetseng hantle, ba na le ditefello tlaase.

lisireletsi alloimmune

Sena lisireletsi tse tobileng tse hlaha ka 'mele ho antigens tsa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali. tlhahiso ea bona ka bakoang ke ho ima RH-kgohlano kapa ho tšeloa mali. E thehiloe kamohelo ya Rhesus mali e le tsoang linaheng tse ling.

and analysis ho tla khethoa hore maemong a latelang:

• bana nako bakeng sa thibelo ea RH-kgohlano;
• tseo lemohileng tsa bakhachane ba nang le mpe RH Ntlha e;
• senyeheloa historing;
• ntshetsopeleng ya lefu haemolytic ea sa tsoa tsoaloa;
• hlahloba mokuli pele ho tšelo ea mali.

lisireletsi peō ea botona

Immunogram, theko ea eona e se buang ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e phahameng ea boleng bo tlhamosea tsa tepelletse maikutlong, ho hlahloba boteng ba lisireletsi-ba khahlanong le peō ea botona ka mali. Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa ka tepelletse maikutlong eketsehileng ea ho kgaolela basadi thari banyalani ba.

Lisireletsi khona ho lemoha se feela mali, empa hape le mucus cervical, ka holim 'a peō ea botona ka lero la mali peo ea botona. entsprechen sa tsitsang ba ka hare ho 55-60 diyuniti. / ML. Holim 'a fumana diphetho tsa botjha itlhahloba e etsoa ka mor'a matsatsi a 14.

e re immunodeficiency

Khetholla immunodeficiency re sa mathomo le se mahareng. Mathomo - congenital, ho bakoang ke ho lefu ka phahameng ka ho liphatsa tsa lefutso. Mahareng - fumana hore ntshetsa pele nakong ea bophelo ba ea tlas'a tšusumetso ea lintho tse ngata tse bang teng 'meleng le likokoana-hloko.

Ho boetse ho na immunodeficiencies fisioloji a hlahang ka mekhahlelo e itseng ya ntshetsopele ya phelang:

• immunodeficiency tsoa tsoaloa - ka lebaka la phetoho ea ho ba teng ha lisireletsi mè maling ho hlahisa tsa bona;
• immunodeficiency moimana - ho na le khahlanong le semelo sa li-hormone placental ka mosebetsi oa motlatsi ya;
• senile immunodeficiency - ka lebaka la ho matla a maholo ka tlaase ho hlahisa lisele tse o sireletsang, ea fokotseha ka mosebetsi phagocytic tsa neutrophils, macrophages, serum bactericidal mosebetsi.

Ho tsosolosa boitshireletso ba mmele sebedisa melao-motheo ea khalemelo ka ntshetsopele ya haella pathological:

1. Engineering boitshireletso mofuta - lesapo moko transplantation, sebete, thymus, tsamaiso ea immunoglobulins hemosorbtion, immunoadsorption.
2. Selelekela hormone le neurotransmitters - interferon, interleukin, li-hormone thymus lintlha.
3. Meriana.

Terms of lokisetsa and analysis

lithuto tsa skeletal hloka ho nka hoseng venous mali (ho itima lijo ho fihlela 12:00). Ka letsatsi le leng pele ho pokello ea lintho tse bonahalang ho hlokahala hore ho fana ka ho fihlela lino tse tahang, koae, fokotsa ho ikoetlisa. Hoseng u ka noa metsi feela pele ho ea laboratori ea.

Ka letsatsi la monehelo mali ha e noa meriana efe kapa efe. Haeba ena ke ke ha khoneha, tlaleho ka ntlha e ena, basebetsi ba laboratori ea, ho hlahlobo ya diphetho e ne e se fosahetseng. lithuto tsa skeletal phethahatsoa pele ho mekgwatshebetso ya ho efe kapa efe tekotshupo le phekolo.

Le melemo le mathata afe mokhoa

Immunological ho hlahloba mali, decoding o etsoa ngaka-immunologist kapa bophelo bo botle setsebi, o na le le menyetla e latelang:

• ka monyetla oa ho fumana diphetho e nepahetseng;
• tlhaloso ya lefu ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea ntshetsopeleng;
• phetha khalemelo ea phekolo ea lithethefatsi ka mor'a beha Correlation ya tshireletso boitshireletso;
• thusa ka thata ba tepelletse maikutlong.

The bozangi litomba ke tshebetso e telele, ha ho hlokahala tekotshupo sekasekale e feletseng setshwantsho ka lintlha boitshireletso hlokang ho sokoloha ditirisanommogo, palo e khōlō.

bofello

Immunogram ka tšeptjoa le e nepahetseng hlahlojoe. kenngwa tshebetsong lona hloka haholo ba nang le tsebo laboratori ea lingaka. Decoding tla beha boemo ba tšireletso ea 'mele ea ho, ho netefatsa kapa hanyetsa tepelletse maikutlong, ho khetha e atlehang kalafo Melao le eketsa ho hanyetsa lefu la mofuta tšoaetsanoang.