State Nature Biosphere Reserve "Khanka" Primor: Tlhaloso

A sehloohong sena a re batla ho bua ka "Khanka" mofuta pokello. Ho e teng ka Bophirimela mabopong thota Khanka, Chernigov, Khorol, Kirov, Spassky seterekeng sa Primorye Territory. Reserve ho ile ha thehoa ka 1990 e le hore ho sireletsa libaka tsa bakeng sa mariha le linonyana nesting.

Beha pokello boemo ba

"Khanka" State Nature Reserve e teng karolong e ka boroa-bochabela ea Primorsky Territory, ka mabōpong a Lake Khanka, haufi le moeli oa Russia-Machaena.

Ka naha ea biosphere pokello e laoloa ke herbaceous Marsh makhulo. Ka palo yohle na ba leo ho ahiloeng ho mefuta e mashome a mane a metso e robeli ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, le ba bane ba bona esita le ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book ea Russia. Reserve "Khanka" e na le sebaka sa hectars fetang 39 000. Sena se akarelletsa sebaka se seholo sa metsi metsi a hloekileng letšeng Khanka, e pota-potiloe ke ho lekaneng e pharaletseng mokhoabo oo grassy.

Linaheng tse lebōpong la leoatle ea Lake Khanka morui, ke Marsh, Meadow le limela moru, bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa li nkoa ho grassy makhulo le mokhoabo oo. Coast koahela lehlaka tse ngata, sedges, e tsoakiloeng makhulo joang.

Empa ha e le dimela moru, ba tsekoloha. Boholo ba bona ba tsepamisitse maikutlo tabeng ea Luzanova leralleng. Ka sebaka sena hola Aspen, Mongolian dieike, lindens, Velvet.

Histori ea sebaka sireletswa

Ka 1971 Khanka Lake le sebakeng se pota-potileng ba 'nile ba lemoha hore libaka tse mongobo tsa bohlokwa machaba. Khopolo ea ho bōpa e sebakeng sireletswa hlaha ka twenties ea tse lekholo tse fetileng. E ne e feela ka 1990 mona pokello "Khanka" ileng ba bōptjoa - e monyenyane haholo, ke khona ho esita le ka bolela hore ho fela ho pota Primorsky Krai.

Ka April 1996, Russia le Chinese mebuso saennweng tumellano ho theha motheong oa Chaena oa libaka o ile a sireletsa "Shinkai-Hu" Khanka le sireletswa naha "Lake Khanka" pokello ea machaba.

Ka palo e fokolang ea mehloli peatland ho ile ha hlophisoa. E mong oa bona - ke sebaka "Pine". Ho ile ha hlophisoa hore ka 1965 leha ho le joalo. Ho na le boetse ho na le mehloli e joalo, "River" (1948), "Khanka" (1963), "Mopholosi" (1962).

Ke lokela ho bolela hore kakaretso o ile a sireletsa sebaka e arotsoe likarolo tse hlano 'notši ka ho feletseng:

1. Plot "Pine" sebakeng hectars 375.
2. "River" saeteng. sebakeng lona ke hectars 12.494.
3. Plot "Melgunovsky" sebakeng hectars 300.
4. site "mokhoabong Diabolose". sebakeng lona ke hectars 16.641.
5. "Crane" saeteng. sebakeng lona ke hectars 9479.

boemo ba leholimo

Reserve "Khanka" e teng ka libaka tsa lipula boemo ba leholimo. Hobane mona ho na le e kholo ka linako tse itseng le diurnal diphapano mocheso. Mariha sebakeng sena le lehloa e nyenyane, 'me selemo - omeletseng le e pholileng, lehlabula - pula le mofuthu. Nakong ea selemo, pula e lekane haholo. Khoeli ea batang ea selemo ke January, mocheso ka 'na le tlohele ho likhato -20. Empa warmest nako - July, ha mocheso ka selekanyamogote e beha likhato 20.

mobu

Prihantiyskie mabalane ke alluvial ka tlhaho. Di thehoa ho tswa sediments letšeng, haholo-holo tsa letsopa, le loam. letšeng lutse har'a tlase lehlabathe. Ka likarolo phahameng di loams. Empa ka libakeng tse bataletseng laoloa ke Bog le halofo Bog mobu. Peat fellang ha se kholo haholo - ha ho ho feta di emetse disentimitara mashome a mahlano. Le ka tlas'a ke letsopa, e leng e sa keneleng metsi lera, e leng etsa hore fatše mokhoabong.

Nature pokello

Ha re ntse re ba se buileng, ka libaka tshireletso kakaretso morero oa "Khanka" Reserve - ke hore, ka holim'a tsohle, ea makhulo tlase ho robala le Marsh le limela moru. Coast ea letšeng overgrown le lehlaka le sedges. Lifate tse patiwa le lihlahla. Mosikong oa maralla u ka bona makhulo grassy. Moru bo bonyenyane haholo. Songacha River lebōpong la nōka u ka bona libaka tsa seoelo the oak le molora lehong. Ka bochabela lebōpong la Lake Khanka koahela broadleaf mofoka. Ke lokela ho bolela hore limela tsa pokello e akarelletsa mefuta e 712 ea limela vascular: 32 - mefuta e sefate, 43 - lihlahla, 3 - Woody lifate tsa morara, 9 - lihlahla, 625 - herbaceous dimela.

Bogs koahela ka mashome a supileng etsang liphesente tse libakeng tse sa sireletsoa. A tsobotsi bath ke sebopeho bona e bonolo. Ena e bontšoa ka nete ea hore, e le busa, e laoloa ke le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa dimela Bog, eo ka ho feletseng koahela naha tšoareha ka oona. Ho na le mefuta e mene ea libaka tse mongobo: sedge, lehlaka, sedge, krupnotravnye le k'hothone joang bo-sedge.

Ha re bua ka mokhoabo oo krupnotravnyh, ba haholo-holo bopilwe moba, cattail hlaha raese, monate tloaelehileng. Sena ke sethaleng pele la eutrophication. Nakong dewatering morago ga moo e hlahisa sedge, ebe lehlaka-sedge mokhoabo oo, eo hamorao e fetohile ho lehlaka le joang bo makhulo. Ho tsena litopo tsa metsi tse mahlonoko tseo ho leng ho waterfowl, tse fumanoa ha feela ya tshireletso empa hape lijo ho hlokahala.

Makhulo, le eena, ba aroloa ka mefuta e 'meli: le metsi, metsi. Ho joalo, lehlaka joang bo makhulo emela liphesente tse ka tlase ho e mong oa sebakeng seo kaofela. Ba behoa haholo-holo ka fatše mokhoabong. E kolobisitsoeng haholo kapa hampe. bath dimela bona - skullcap, uzkolisty lehlaka, lehlaka Langsdorf. Litlama li hōla e ba telele le teteaneng.

Empa Langsdorfeynikovye makhulo tsepame fatše mokhoabo. Ba ile ba fumana e leng kakaretso ea mefuta e leshome le metso e ea limela. Grass le joang tsoakiloeng makhulo hape ikarabella ka se mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse fetang leshome tsa limela.

Empa makhulo lehlaka-forb hlahiswa litlama mashome a mabeli, har'a bona se: bentgrass, Rue, Calamagrostis uzkolisty, bedstraw.

linonyana Sanctuary

Reserve "Khanka" - paradeise bakeng sa waterfowl le linonyana tsa metsing. Kakaretso ea mefuta e 336 tlalehiloeng mona. Ho phaella moo, e na le mefuta e tse tsheletseng digwagwa le mefuta e supileng ea lihahabi, ho na le boetse ho na le tsebahalang Hōle Bochabela sekolopata ka Red Book.

pokello ke ea bohlokoa haholo ya ka dipehelo tsa ho ikatisa le ho falla ha ka linako tse itseng tsa linonyana. Sebakeng sena mefuta 110 ea linonyana nesting. Selemo le selemo ho na le ka bang 25 lipara tsa nesting cranes khubelu-moqhaka, 8 lipara duarskih cranes. The palo ea e mong le e mofuta oa Crane tluoa tabeng ea ho batho ba lekholo. Keketseho morao tjena palo ea bo Hōle Bochabela mekotatsie, hona joale ba nesting le lipara 25. Nakong ea boima ka ea selemo nonyana falla Hanke khaotsa ho fihlela ho mefuta e 500 tse sekete tsa matata, likhantši le likhantsi. Ha e le hantle, ho ke ke e mahlong a hlollang. Na u ka inahanela hore na palo e hlollang ea linonyana ka nako e tšoanang concentrated e le 'ngoe, le hoja pond kgolo.

Russia, feela "Khanka" pokello sehlaha lipakeng, egretta thuja le Reed Parrotbill.

Ka tlhaho pokello tlalehiloeng mefuta tse 69 tsa tlhapi, 9 ba bona ba ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka kotsing ea ho fela. Ka metsi a ile a sireletsa mabaka spawning Plagiognathops Microlepis, kalaneng-Auha, o motsho Amur bream, 'me bagre Soldatov.

lefatše phoofolo

"Khanka" pokello, liphoofolo hore li fapana ka mefuta-futa e mefuta e, ithorisang ka Maemong seoelo haholo. Ke lokela ho re ka naha ea sebaka sireletswa tlalehiloeng mefuta e mengata ka seoelo ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book le Red Book tsa Serussia Primorye, ho feta ka mehloli e meng papali. Reserve "Khanka" ae phethang boemo pele har'a libakeng tse sireletswa tsa Primorsky Territory. Ba 112 liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa sebaka sena tse 60 e fumanoa pokello ea.

Mona hape tlalehiloeng mefuta 45 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang. Lenane la ba kamehla lulang sebakeng seo, ho akarelletsa le mefuta e 8 of insectivores, 12 litoeba, mefuta e 9 ea linonyana e jang nama, lagomorphs 2 'me e mong hoofed. Rare liphoofolo tse anyesang ba emeloang ke mefuta e mene. Me bohle ba ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book.

Ka naha ea pokello ea ke litoeba atileng ka ho fetisisa tse kang litoeba tšimo, ea bohlooho Rat, Hōle Bochabela vole, Dahurian mmutlanyana, Amur hedgehog fan, kholo e tšoeu-toothed shrew. Ka makhulo plurality Roe lulang le joang phahameng. Libakeng tsena li fumaneha feela ho fetoha libere sootho le Himalaya. Hape ka naha ea sireletsoa libaka liphoofolo tse phela ka eona ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book ea Russia. Har'a bona e tummeng ea Siberia nkoe, le phiri e khubelu, Hōle leatherback sekolopata.

Ho na le ba liphoofolo tseo kamehla kapa ka linako tse ling a tsamaee le tšimong ea contiguous: Himalaya le sootho libere mink, likolobe-moru tse hlaha, linkoe, likhama matheba le wapiti.

batho ba boholo-holo

The pokello sehlekehlekeng Riabokon fumanoa paka batho ba boholo-holo. The sibolloang pele-pele ba ea Khale Stone Age, ba ile ba ikarabella ka lilemo tse ka bang 15 tse sekete.

Ho phaella moo, a boela a fumana mathoasong a liemahale Neolithic, baloang lilemo tse 7500, hammoho le ea morao Neolithic nako (lilemo tse le 5000), e Bronze Age le Tšepe.

Bo-rasaense ba lumela beheloa sebaka se ikhethang moo sebakeng seo tse nyenyane e concentrated a mangata aa fumanang a ba lintho tse epolotsoeng tse amanang le mefuta e fapaneng ya lilemo.

Ena mona ke sebaka e babatsehang - "Khanka" pokello. Primor kae kapa kae moo e mong e na le palo e khōlō joalo ea libaka ba lintho tse epolotsoeng.

libaka buka e ikhethang ka pokello ea

Tswa ntlha saense ya pono, ho na le dintho tse ding le buka e ikhethang ka ho feletseng ka pokello ena. E 'ngoe ke baahi oxytrope Khanka, e lulang ho eona e Cape Arsenyev, Cape Przewalski le Pine Island.

Ho phaella moo, linaheng tse sireletswa hola (ka Ilistaya estuary) buka e ikhethang moferong lotus le Komarov.

Empa Melgunovka estuary ithorisang kolone kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa likokolofitoe tse Bochabela bo Hōle. Nakong ea selemo ho falla sebakeng sena ke mehlape ea tonanahali ea linonyana.

Riabokon sehlekehlekeng seo, ka lebōpong le ka boroa, ke sebaka se feela sebaka Maritime, moo le ntseng le hōla licorice blednotsvetnaya, ngolisitsoeng ka Red Book la Primorye.

Mokhoa oa ho fumana ho pokello ee?

Toropong haufi le pokello e - e Spassk-bo Hōle. Sena ke moo tsamaiso e boloketsoe sebakeng Khanka. Ho e teng km 220 ho tloha Khabarovsk. Ho eena ka Spassk Hōle ka fihla ka bese. O tsamaea nako e le 'ngoe feela ka letsatsi.

Address tsamaiso: Primorsky Territory, Spassk-bo Hōle, Ershov seterata, 10.

ho ena le hore epilogue e

"Khanka" Reserve - e monyenyane a le sebakeng Maritime. Leha ho le joalo, Lake Khanka, teng ka sebaka sa eona, o nako e telele bile ba pokello ea bohlokoa ea machaba bakeng sa linonyana. Ha e le hantle, sepheo sa pokello ke ho ithuta le ho boloka liketsahalo tsa tlhaho le dithulaganyo, le katiso le pholosa letamo phatsa ea lefutso ea limela le liphoofolo. Ka boemo ba tikoloho ea masimong a angoa ke ea mahloriso e kholo ea limela le liphoofolo tloaelehang le le kotsing. The Reserve ke sebaka se ikhethang ka ea mahloriso e moholo ea linonyana, etsa hore ho e ikhethang le ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa linonyana tse fallang.