Russia khauta le chelete mehloli: boholo, sebopeho, dipharologanyo

khauta Russia le mehloli chelete ke pokello mosolotogamaano ka mokgwa wa tšepe ea bohlokoa, litaemane, kholo e fetohang chelete tsoang linaheng tse ling pokello maemo, litokelo khethehileng kotokaka, tse ling tse thepa haholo mokelikeli. E ka sebelisoa ke 'mele ea phatlalatsa ea molao oa tsamaiso ea chelete e le hore ho boloka ho ruble phapanyetsano sekhahla, ditjhelete ho leka-lekana ba ditefello tse haelloa, le tšehetse ba moruo ruuoang. Balang ea mehloli ea 'Muso le (Lekala la Lichelete) le Banka ea Central.

melao ea 'marakeng se fana ka maikutlo a ka setaleng, ka tsejoang esale pele, rerile nete hore. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litlhōrō, likhohlo, cyclical ntshetsopeleng e leng ba tlhaho ho ea kajeno moruo lefatšeng. Ho boreleli tsoa sekgahla sa ho e bohale ho oa ho fepa ka le lichelete tsamaiso, susumeletsa ho hlahisa ngata dinaheng ipokellela karolo ea bona chelete ka ea sechaba mehloli. Bona lefatše setokong lekanang le a ho 12 libilione tse liranta.

Boholo ba linaha tsa

Khauta mehloli Russia ka 2014 (August 1) lekanngoang le eena liranta tse limilione tse likete 468.4. Ena ke palo ea botšelela har'a dinaheng tsohle. Jwalo chelete bohlokoa ho etsa hore ho batlang e le bohloko ho mamella downturns moruo, ho sebelise mererong ea nako e telele, ho sebelisa chelete le boemong ba tšohanyetso. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore oa matsete ka ntlha ena ea histori e fokotsehile (4 limilione tse likete tse ka beke ea ho qetela ea July).

• Ho bokella phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba lefatše "enjene" - Republic Batho ba China. Naha e haha mehloli mosolotogamaano. Ho ekelitseng ke 3,09%, nanabela 3.8, libilione tse liranta ka 2013.
• metšoasong ka makhetlo a mararo tse nyenyane tse ka Japane ka February 2014, ba ile ba e ileng ea libilione tse 1.288 liranta.
• Banka ea Central European mathoasong a 2014 na mehloli ea $ limilione tse likete tse 771,789.
• More feta Russia e metšoasong khauta pokello Saudi Arabia le Switzerland.
• US pokello ka February 2014 ea e-ba lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 146.057 (18 go th place).

sebopeho

Molao-motheo oa sebopeho sa "Khauta le chelete baditjhaba baskete" presupposes ba teng ha ya diphalli ka ho fetisisa pokello chelete, khauta ea chelete le lirafshoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa, lichelete machaba thepa. Phapanyetsano ditefello di ya kokangana kahoo haeba chelete e 'ngoe ka ho para e ho theko e tlaase,' me ea bobeli - lekelekanang theko e phahameng ho feta. Ka lebaka leo, ho na le ho na letlole la ho lahleheloa ke pokello. Sebōpeho sa khauta le chelete baditjhaba mehloli ea Russia e kamehla fetoha, tse latelang mekhoa e ka moruo oa lefatše lohle. Nakong e fetileng, ka lebaka la tokisetso e neng e ke tšepe ea bohlokoa le ya dollar US. Ha ho qaloa ho se le seng European chelete, la euro le haholo pushed ya dollar e.

Ka tsela e feteletseng ho itšetleha ka ya dollar US e qobella naha ho diversify mehloli lona. Russia e fana ho States amehang ho nka (bopa) e mefuta e meng chelete ea lefatše lohle. Ka nako e tšoanang ho atolosa kopanela baskete ea lichelete tsa linaha tse ling tse ka sehloohong. Mohlala, pokello e haholo ntlafatsa le ya dollar Canada, British boima, Japanese twilight.

• Kabelo ea chelete tsoang linaheng tse ling - 85%. Mohlala, 44,7% e ne e le US ya dollar, e la euro ka kotara 1st sa 2013 - 40,3%, le boima o motle - 9,9%, le ya dollar Canada - 2.3%, le li-yen - 1%.
• Ka chelete khauta - 8,9%.
• kotokaka khethehileng bolela - 2%.
• IMF pokello maemong - 1%.

mehloli ea khauta

Russia e pokello khauta e thehiloe eseng feela ka chelete ena. Litaemane le tšepe ea bohlokoa le tsona di kenyelleditswe ka sebopeho sa pokello. Ho mekoallo ea khauta, Palladium, silevera, polatinamo. Khauta ke be le dipeeletso ho fetisisa ratoa ka sa nako e telele. Leha theko lona e ka tlasa liphetoho tse khōlō ka bothata bona "tšepe bosehla" e ba ho bolela ho fetisisa e ka tšeptjoang ea ho tefo.

Dinaheng na maikutlo a sa tšoaneng bokgono ea ho bokella chelete e bullion khauta. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ba ile ba ba ba bohlokoa haholo ka maemo a sa bothata bo boholo a moruo le ka monyetla oa ho ntoa. Ka nngwe - di ka vaults bafu boima, ho ena le ho sebetsa ka moruo. Ka mohlala, United States, ho feta 70% ya pokello e - e le khauta, le China - 1.1%. Russia mehloli ea khauta e etellang pele ka CIS - tonnes 1040,7. Leha ho le joalo, ho ke ke ka makhetlo a 8 nyenyane ho feta mabenkeleng United States.

Moqolo oa mehloli ea khauta, 2014

dipharologanyo

Russia moruo e haholo-holo e hahiloeng ka bophara ho hlahisa le ho rekisoa ha lihlahisoa tse tala. 'muso o neng o le boemong bo ke melao-motheo - ho batla ho fumana hole ho tswa ho ea mohlala ba moruo thepa le ho ntshetsa pele ho hlahisoeng theknoloji e phahameng. E ne e tla nka lilemo tse 'me libilione tsa liranta ka dipeeletso. Ho fihlela joale, Russia e pokello khauta e thehiloe rekisa le liminerale le derivatives bona. A bolelelane bohlokoa ka ke diyantle - hydrocarbons (di oli le khase), oli le tšepe.

Haeba re sekaseka Russia e khauta le chelete mehloli, dipharologanyo ea ka amahanngoa ka ho hlaka. Ke haholo itšetlehile ka boemo boo ka thepa e tala ka lefatše - haholo-holo Europe, bareki e ka sehloohong ea khase Russia le oli. liranta tse limilione tse likete 10,7 - ho etsa mohlala, ea histori bonyane pokello letlole ile tsa ngolisoa ka 1999. Ka selemo sona seo, litheko oli li 'nile tsa fokolang haholo lilemong tse 25 tse fetileng, e okaokela haufi $ 10 le moqomo.

palo e kahodimodimo ea histori

By 2007, ho bile le ho phahama bohale tlhokeho ya oli. Ka July 2008 ho tlalehiloe boleng phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea "OPEC baskete" (ka karolelano li-index theko ka ho ya ka moqomo oa oli ea mefuta e sa tsoaneng fapaneng) - $ 140.73. Litsenyehelo tsa ho ba le khase e tlamelloa litheko oli, ka ho latellana, le e skyrocketed. 'muso e ne e se e loketse ho ithuta irruptive phallo ea chelete. Karolo ea keketso e 'nile ea etsa qeto ea ho ipokellela mehloli. Ka August 2008, boholo ba Russia ba mehloli ea machaba e ile ea fihla ea histori palo e kahodimodimo - liranta tse limilione tse likete 598.1.

letsatsi kajeno

leano tsoang linaheng tse ling kajeno boemo bo le ho fokotseha ha litheko mohlodi tsa tlhaho ba qobella 'muso hore o li sebelisa e le karolo ea mehloli ea ho tšehetsa moruo, ho matlafatsa lebothong, ho etsa bonnete ba tshireletso lijo. Ha Russia e khauta le chelete mehloli e-2014.03.07 limilione tse likete tse 494.6 liranta, ka August ile ea oela ho limilione tse likete tse 468.4. Ho hlakile hore, ba ntse ba eketseha ka mehloli bakeng sa bokamoso ba bona haufi e lebella. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba ho hoholo ha mehloli phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling - hase pontshi tsa ka bokgoni ba ho moruo. Haeba chelete tsena tseo a li qetileng pele modernization, lipatlisiso, tsetetse ka dipeeletso, le chelete sebeliselitsoe feela kajeno ba tla khutlela hosane ka mokgwa wa e ncha theknoloji e, morao-rao tlhahiso, ho ntlafatsa maemo a ho phela, ho ntlafatsa ba naha eo ba sireletsehile.