Roba thibelloa ha Leningrad ka January 1943: lintlha tsa histori

Bakeng sa Wehrmacht taelo ea makhoba ba motse ka Neva River e ne e se feela sa sesole-mosolotogamaano bohlokwa bohlokoa. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho hapa le lebōpo lohle la Koung ea Finland le timetso ea Baltic Fleet hape phehella merero ea hole-nanabela mashano. Ho oa ha belehoa tsa Phetohelo ka be a ile a etsa hore irreparable tsenyo e bakiloeng ke boitšoaro ho batho kaofela Union 'me o ne a tla haholo fokolisa ho morale ba mabotho a hlometseng. Ka taelo ea Red Army e ne e le mefuta e meng: hore le tlohe le inehela motseng oo a sa loana. Tabeng ena, qetello ea baahi e ne e tla esita le ho feta tse bohloko. Hitler o ne a rerile ho felisa motse theoha 'mapa ka kutloisiso ea sebele ea lentsoe.

Leningrad ile feletseng pota-potiloe ke masole a Jeremane le Sefinnishe September 8, 1941. The thibelloa ha Leningrad e ile ea nka matsatsi a 872. Ho phaella ho diyuniti sesole ea lebotho le sesoleng hona jareteng ka ho thibelloa ho ile ha fumaneha batho ba fetang limilione tse tharo - baphaphathehi tloha Leningrad le re Baltic le libaka tsa boahelani. Leningrad nakong thibela likepe ea feletsoeng fetang 600 tse sekete. Baahi ntlhobolisa, eo a etsang liphesente tse tharo feela ho ile ha bolaoa ke libomo le liqhomane, 'me ba bang kaofela ba ile ba bolaoa ke tlala le maloetse. Ho ile ba ntsoa sebakeng sena batho ba fetang halofo ea milione.

Leka ho senya se thibela likepe ka 1942

Esita le ka matsatsi a lefifi la ntoa a leka ho senya encirclement. Ka January 1942 ho lebotho la Masoviet le qala e khopisang ho hokahanya motse le koetsoe 'ho naha' 'haufi motseng oa Lubz. Hona ho leka tse latelang e ne e entsoe ka August - October, ka tataiso ea motse le Siniavino kaget seteishene. tshebetso tsena ho senya ka ho thibelloa ha Leningrad boa ka ba atleha. Leha Sinyavinskaya khopisang le hlōlehileng ho phethahala, empa a tsamaise ena e ile oa nyopisoa ke Wehrmacht kamehla rerile ho tšoara motse.

batlehang mosolotogamaano

Ho hlōloa ha mabotho a Manazi a Volga River radically fetolwa ho ba le botsitso ba mabotho mosolotogamaano e emelang lebotho la Soviet Union. Tlas'a maemo ana, a Phahameng Taelo emoloa ho phetha buuoa ka motse-moholo deprotected leboea. mesebetsi tshebetso amang mabotho ea Leningrad, Volkhov shebaneng, la Baltic Fleet le Ladoga Flotilla fumana khoutu lebitso '' Iskra ''. Ho tšehetsa tshebetso khopisang ka naha ne lifofane nako e telele. Lokolla Leningrad thibela likepe, le hoja a leeme, ho ile ha etsoa khoneha ke miscalculations e kgolo ya taelo Sejeremane. Hitler nyenyefalitse bohlokwa ya lebelo la bokella mehloli. Ka mor'a ho loana ba bohale bo tšosang ka ho sebaka Moscow le e ka boroa ea naha ho tloha Group Army 'North' ', tse peli li ne li hulwa likarohano armored le karolo ea bohlokoa diyuniti infantry ho mokhoa o sa fellang koala tahlehelo ea sehlopha se bohareng. Ke tšimoloho ea 1943 ka Leningrad ka bafutuhi e ne e se kgolo Mechine diyuniti ho loantša ho khoneha tlhaselo ea Soviet Union Army.

merero e Bids

Opereishene "Iskra" o ne a emoloa ka hoetla ea 1942. Ho elella bofelong ba November, ntlo-khōlō ea ho Leningrad Front Headquarters etsa tlhahiso ea hore a etse khopisang e ncha le katleho e kholo ea lesale sera sa ka litaelo tse peli tse: Shlisselburgsky le Uritskom. Phahameng Taelo e etsa qeto ea ho lebisa tlhokomelo e mong, le ho itima lijo, haufi le-Siniavino Shlisselburg.

22 November Taelo ea hlahisa moralo oa stats bohato ba mabotho khobokellane ba Leningrad le Volkhov shebaneng. opereishene ile ea amoheloa, ho lokisetsa ho ile ha fanoa ka tlase ho ka khoeli. E ne e le ea bohlokoa haholo ho ho kenya tshebetsong le khopisang rerile nakong ea mariha: selemo swampland ile ea e-impassable. Ka lebaka la leqhoa le qhibiliha e ile ea qala ho elella bofelong ba December roba thibela likepe ile chechisetsoang morao bakeng sa matsatsi a leshome. The khoutu lebitso la buuoa ile ba susumetsoa ke Stalin. Halofo lekholo tse fetileng, VI Ulyanov, ho bōpa 'mele oa условия: ya Bolshevik Party, e bitsoang koranta "Iskra" ka sepheo sa hore tlhase tla Kindle lelakabe la phetoho e khōlō. Stalin ka tsela eo o ile a etsa papiso, a nka hore tshebetso khopisang ipetlela litsela tla hlahisa e be ea bohlokoa katleho mosolotogamaano. Taolo kakaretso ile behiloeng tlhokomelong ea Marshal K. E. Voroshilovu. Ho hokahanya mesebetsi ka Volkhov Front o ile a romeloa ho Marshal G. K. Zhukov.

Lokisa khopisang

Nakong ea December masole tlhokomelwa fela thata lokisetsa bakeng sa ntoa. diyuniti bohle ba ne ba staffed ka basebetsi le thepa ka bang liphesente tse lekholo, bokeletseng ho fihlela ho garela 5 of liqhomane tsa e mong le e unit trust ea libetsa e boima. Leningrad nakong thibela likepe ea ileng a khona ho fana ka karolo e ka pele le lisebelisoa tsohle hlokahala sesole le matsoho e nyenyane. Le bakeng sa feto-fetola taba junifomo khahloa ha feela likhoebo tse khethehileng, empa hape baahi ba neng ba sebelisoa ka seqo mechine e rokang. Ka morao ho sappers ba ile ba matlafatsa marokho a le teng 'me a haha tse ncha. Ho etsa bonnete ba atamela ho Neva ho ile ha hahoa ka 50 km ea litsela.

hloko ka ho khetheha o ne a lefile ho ba lokisetsa ho ea banna: ba lokela ho rutoa ho etsa ntoa nakong ea mariha ka morung 'me ba hlasela sebaka se etselitsoeng qhobosheane, a hlomelloa ka lintlha tse matla le pillboxes. Ka mor'a e mong le e motsoako ne a lokisetsa dikhutlontsi simulating maemo ya thweng momoring tlhaselo. Bakeng sa katleho e kholo le boenjiniere liqhobosheane lihlopha khethehileng hlasela tsa bōptjoa. litemana Minefields ho ile ha hahoa. balaoli bohle ho fihlela ho ka balaoli ba lik'hamphani tsa kenyeletsang ne loketseng le limmapa e hloekisitsoeng ea lifoto le litšoantšo. Regrouping hlahisoang feela bosiu kapa boemo ba leholimo tse mpe. Mosebetsi oa ka pele-line bohlale. Ho 'nile ha hantle e thehilweng sebakeng itšireletsa tsa liphofu lireng. Bakeng sa-na le liofisiri li ne li hahoa ntoa lipapali. Mohato ho qetela e ne e le ho ea tsamaisa boitlhakiso li phela ka eona-mollo. Mehato ea ho pata le ho ata ha boitsebiso bo fosahetseng, 'me ka tieo sephiring jere litholoana. sera sa ba ne ba tseba ka tlhaselo rerile matsatsi a seng makae feela. Ho ekelletsa moo ntlafatsa tataiso kotsi tsa Majeremane ba ne ba sa be le nako.

Tolamiso ya ea mabotho

Sebopeho sa Leningrad Front e le karolo ea 42nd, 55th, 67th Army tshwerweng sireletsa motse ho tloha ka hare lehlakoreng boroa-bochabela ea lesakaneng moleng Uritsk - Kolpino, libakeng tse nepahetseng-banka ya Neva - Ladoga. 23 Army khanna tshebetso itšireletsa ka lehlakoreng le ka leboea tsa Karelian Mochophoro. Force lifofane sesole e ne e sa bo13 Air Army. Le katleho e kholo thibela likepe faneng tanka 222, 'me tse 37 armored. Pele o ile a laela ka ho molefothenente Kakaretso L. A. Govorov. diyuniti Infantry le moea tšehetso 14-go th Air Army. ditanka 217 li ne li ka tsepamisa maikutlo sebakeng sena. Volkhov Front laetse ka Kakaretso K. A. Meretskov sesole. Tataiso breakout, ho sebelisa mehloli le sebelisa regrouping, fihlellwa bophahamo ba manpower ka makhetlo a mane le halofo, libetsa - makhetlo a supileng, litanka - ka makhetlo a leshome, lifofane - habeli. Segokanyipalo lithunya le likanono ke Leningrad ea e-ba diyuniti 146 ka 1 km le ka pele. Hape khopisang hlokomelwa libetsa Baltic Fleet le Ladoga flotilla (88 caliber lithunya ho tloha 100 ho 406 limilimithara) le lifofane likepe lifofane.

Ka Volkhovsky tataiso lithunya segokanyipalo di akareditse go tsewa tloha diyuniti 101 ho 356 ka kilometer dari. The palo ea lebotho la ngongoregong ho tloha mahlakoreng ka bobeli e ile ea fihla masole a 303 likete le balaoli. Sera sa ho thibeletseng motse likarohano mashome a mabeli a metso e tšeletseng ba Army bo18 la lilemo (Army Group 'North') le sebopeho sa lihlopha tse 'nè tse Sefinnishe ka leboea. Mabotho Our entse katlego e kgolo ya thibela likepe, e ile a tlameha ho hlasela haholo e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane Shlisselburgskaya-Sinyavinskaya sebakeng, se neng se emela ke likarohano tse hlano, e teng ba makholo a supileng lithunya le likanono. khomo khomo Wehrmacht taelo ea General G. Lindemann.

Battle Shlisselburgsky ledge

Bosiung ba la 11 ka la 12 January, lifofane Volkhov Front le la bo13 la lilemo Air Army ea Leningrad Front ile a ileng a sebelisana le libomo tsa litonanahali ka maikemisetso pele ho hlalositswe sebaka rerile breakout. Ka la 12 January, ka halofo e fetileng robong hoseng ba ile ba qala ho lokisetsa libetsa. Liqhomane maemong sera sa e ile ea nka lihora tse peli le metsotso e leshome. Bakeng sa halofo ea hora pele ho gunships tlhaselo hlasela tšireletso se etselitsoeng qhobosheane le libeteri libetsa tsa Majeremane. Ka 11,00 le 67th Army tswa Neva le unit trust bobeli ea makala le mabotho a borobeli la Volkhov Front qala e khopisang. infantry tlhaselo tshehetswa libetsa a betsa ho theha e mollo theko botebo ba kilometer dari ngoe. masole Wehrmacht hanyetsa ka bohale bo tšosang, Soviet infantry ne lieha le lekane.

Nakong ea matsatsi a mabeli a ntoa, e leng sebaka se pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa pele tsa fokotswa ho km tse peli. matsatsi a tšeletseng feela hamorao ho lihlopha tsa botsofali ba Union Army ile a khona ho amahanya ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa metsana basebetsi, nomoro ea 1 le ea palo 5. January 18 Shlisselburg (Petrokrepost) motse oo o ile a lokolloa 'me hleka ea sera, tsohle le haufi le lebōpong la Lake Ladoga area. Bophara ba phasejeng naha entsoe ka likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa km 8 ho tse 10. Ka letsatsi la tlōla thibela likepe tsa Leningrad ka tšeptjoang naha kgokahanyo motse le 'naha' 'ho ile ha tsosolosoa. United Group 2nd le mabotho a 67th lekile ho katleho ho ntshetsa pele katleho ea khopisang le atolosa bridgehead ka boroa. Majeremane a hōlisoa mehloli bona. Ka la 19 January, matsatsi a leshome ka likarolo tse kotsi tsa taelo ea Jeremane e ile airlifted likarohano tse hlano le palo e khōlō ea libetsa. The khopisang sebakeng Siniavino ebbed. E le hore ho boloka moeling hapa, masole a tsoela pele ho itšireletsa ka. E o ile a qala ntoa ea foro. Letsatsi ea molao ea buuoa ke se leqepheng la 30 January.

Diphetho tsa khopisa ba

Ka lebaka la masole a Soviet Union a Wehrmacht ne pushed morao ho tloha lebōpong la Lake Ladoga, empa motseng oo e ne e ntse a le sebakeng se ka pele. The le katleho e kholo ha se thibela likepe nakong ea tshebetso '' Iskra '' o ile a bontša matla khōlong e feletseng ea sesole phahameng taelo ea ho nahana. Ho hlōloa ha mabotho a sera sa ka sebakeng se etselitsoeng qhobosheane ho feletseng hokahanngoa tlhaselo kopanetsoeng ho tloha ka ntle 'me ka ntle e se e le mohlala ka bonono malapeng oa ntoa. Mabothong a hlometseng amohetse boiphihlelo bohlokoa ka khanna tshebetso khopisang ka sebakeng se nang le lifate nakong ea mariha. Ho Hlōla sera sa mekhahlelo tshireletso tsamaiso e khopo o ile a bontša hore ho hlokahala thero ea phethahetseng ea khanna libetsa mollo, hammoho le mokhatlo oa tshebetso ya diyuniti ka ntoa.

tahlehelo ya mekga e

Feela kamoo sehlōhō e ne e le lintoa, ho ea ka lipalo bahlaseluoa. 67th le la bo13 la lilemo ea Leningrad Front Army Lahlehileng bolaoa le maqeba 41,2 sekete. Batho ba, ho akarelletsa le ho lahleheloa irretrievable ea e-ba 12,4 sekete. Batho ba. Volkhov Front lahlehileng 73,9 le 21,5 sekete. Batho ba ka ho latellana. likarohano sera sa tse supileng li ile tsa senngoa. tahlehelo Jeremane ea e-ba batho ba fetang 30 ba sekete, deadweight -. batho ba 13 likete .. Ho phaella moo, e le dikgele oa lebotho la Soviet Union a ka bang 'nè ka lithunya' me likanono, 178 lithunya mochini, lithunya 5,000, tse ngata tsa mahlaahlela, likoloi tse lekholo le mashome a mahlano. tse pedi Newest ditanka boima li ne li haptjoa ke T-VI "Tiger".

tlhōlo kholo ka ho fetisisa

Sebelisa ho '' Iskra '' ho senya se thibela likepe fihlellwa sephetho batlang. Nakong ea matsatsi a leshome le metso e supileng la tsela le seporo bolelele ba km mashome a mararo-a mararo ba 'nile ba beha hammoho lebōpong la Lake Ladoga. February 7 terene ea pele ba ile ba fihla Leningrad. E ile ea boela ea phepelo e tsitsitseng ea motse le diyuniti sesole, phepelo ea motlakase e ile ea eketseha. Qalella phepelo ea metsi. Haholo ba ntlafala ka boemo ba baahi ba ntlhobolisa, likhoebo le liindasteri, 'me maqhama' pel'a Baltic Fleet. Ka tse latelang ho likhoeli tsa selemo ho tloha Leningrad ne ba ntsoa sebakeng sena libakeng tse ka morao ho feta baahi ba makholo a likete tse robeli.

Ho lokolloa ha Leningrad ho tswa ho thibela likepe ka January 1943 e ne e le motsotso ka sehloohong ho sireletsa motse. masole a Soviet Union sebakeng sena a qetella a tšoara itsoelang mosolotogamaano. Ho ile felisoa kotsi komponeng Jeremane le mabotho a Sefinnishe. Ka January 18 - letsatsi la tlōla thibela likepe tsa Leningrad - motseng oa phethoa nakong ee e mahlonoko ea ho itšehla thajana. Ho phethoa katleho buuoa ne e le ea bohlokoa haholo likhopolo bakeng sa batho ba naha. Ha khōlō ea ntoeng ea Second Ntoa ea Lefatše o ile a tlhokomelo ya phahameng sechabeng ba lipolotiki ba leoatleng. Mopresidente US Theodore Roosevelt e akgotse le boeta-pele ba Soviet Union ka katleho ea sesole, 'me baahi ba motse oo o ile a romela lengolo la, e leng o ile a lumela boholo ba go feat, fortitude bona ho se inehele habonolo le sebete.

robang thibela likepe tsa Leningrad Museum

Ho pholletsa le mola khohlano emisoa makundoli ho ikhopotsa liketsahalo tse bohloko le bahale ba lilemong tseo. Ka 1985 a le seterekeng sa sebakeng se haufi le motseng oa Marino Kirov ho ile ha buloa diorama '' Arohanang le thibelloa ha Leningrad '. Ke sebakeng sena la 12 January, 1943 le 67th diyuniti lebotho la tšela Neva ka leqhoa le qhoma ka tšireletso ea sera. Diorama 'le katleho e kholo Leningrad thibela likepe' ' emela le ho penta ka boholo ba limithara tse 40 8. Ka seile e hlalosa liketsahalo tsa ho hlasela tšireletso ea Sejeremane. Pele lesela substantive leano leo, le bolibeng tloha limithara tse 4 ho ea ho 8, recreates le litšoantšo tse tharo-tlhakore ba maemong a etselitsoeng liqhobosheane, liforo puisano, thepa ea sesole.

Kopano ya sebopeho pictorial seile le moralo likolohileng baka phello e ba teng ha haholo. Ka lebōpo la Neva e sefika ho '' roba thibela likepe '. Monument ke tanka T-34, mounted ka pedestal ka. Loantša koloi rushes joaloka ho hokela ho Volkhov Front. Ka sebakeng bulehileng ka pel'a musiamo e boetse e bontšitse thepa nakong ea ntoa.

Ho phahamisa ea ho qetela ea thibela likepe tsa Leningrad. 1944

Complete tlosa ho thibelloa ho motse e ne e le feela ka mor'a selemo ka lebaka la khōlō Leningrad-Novgorod khopisang. The mabotho tsa Volkhov, la Baltic le Leningrad shebaneng a hlōla mabotho a ka sehloohong tsa Army bo18 la lilemo ea Wehrmacht. La 27 January e ne e le letsatsi le ea molao ea ho tlosa hoo e ka bang 900-ka letsatsi thibeletsoeng. 1943rd A ile tlalehiloeng ka historiography ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e le selemo sa le katleho e kholo ha se thibela likepe tsa Leningrad.