Ntlafalo karo-karolelano ea transformer le

Motheong oa tšebetso ea transformer le etsang qeto ea lipono tse makatsang tsa induction motlakase. A konokono transformer e entsoe ka lipoleiti motho tšepe, a bokella ka le foreimi koetsoeng tsa mofuta o itseng. Ka liboto le behoa pedi matsoelintsoeke S₁ le S₂ le palo ea chenchana le w₁ w₂. The windings na le ho hanyetsa banyenyane le phahameng bottom.

O sebetsang ho lipheletsong bobeli ea S₁ matsoelintsoeke, e re bitsa mathomo fapanyetsana gagamalo U₁. Ke matsoelintsoeke fetisetsana fapanyetsana jwale ke, eo magnetize ea mantlha tšepe ka ho tsamaisa eona ka fapanyetsana khoheli ts'ebetsong. Magnetizing jwale bohato tekanyo e lekanang ka palo ea ampere-chenchana (Iw₁).

E le ho phahama hona joale e tla eketsa ts'ebetsong a khoheli a ka konokono, e leng tla tsosa chenche ka chenchana oa kela electromotive matla a ho intša induction. Hang ha e fihla gagamalo sebediswa, e le koketsego ya jwale ka potoloho mathomo khaotsa. Kahoo, ka transformer mathomo matsoelintsoeke oa potoloho e tla sebetsa U₁ sebelisoa gagamalo le electromotive matla a E₁ intša induction. Tabeng ena e gagamalo U₁ E₁ e khōloanyane palo ya lerotholi gagamalo ka matsoelintsoeke e nyenyane haholo. Ka lebaka leo, re ka hoo e ka bang a ngole tjena:

U₁ = E₁.

Fapanyetsana khoheli ts'ebetsong etsahalang ka transformer konokono, e ntse e feta le ka lona makhetlo mahareng matsoelintsoeke, e mong le e kela thabisang kela joalo hore boholo ba matla a electromotive ka mathomo matsoelintsoeke tsa e mong le e kela.

E thehiloeng ha e le hantle hore palo ea chenchana mathomo lekana w₁, le mahareng - w₂, e ba tsenngwa ka matla a ba, ka ho latellana, ba lekanang:

E₁ = w₁e,

E₂ = w₂e,

moo ea e - electromotive lebotho la generated ka kela ka.

The gagamalo ba lipheletsong tsa U₂ bulehileng matsoelintsoeke electromotive lebotho la e lekanngoa le bona, ke hore,.:

U₂ = E₂.

Ka lebaka leo, re ka etsa qeto ea hore gagamalo ka lipheletsong bobeli ea transformer mathomo matsoelintsoeke e le e bua ka bohlokoa ba gagamalo ba lipheletsong tsa kela bobeli, palo ea ba chenchana mathomo amana ka palo ea ba chenchana ka mahareng matsoelintsoeke:

(U₁ / U₂) = (w₁ / w₂) = K.

Kamehla K - jwale transformer dikabo.

Boemong bo joalo, haeba ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho eketsa gagamalo, lokisetsa ea mahareng matsoelintsoeke le palo e eketsehileng ea ba chenchana (seo ho thoeng ke mohato-up transformer); Haeba seo ho sona ho ke ke ho hlokahala ho gagamalo theola, bobedi matsoelintsoeke ea transformer le nkile ka palo e nyenyane ea ba chenchana (hanyane fatše transformer). transformer A ka sebetsa jwalo ka bobeli mohato-up phetoho karo-karolelano, 'me ka mohato-fatše, ho itšetlehile ka eo e sebelisoa e le ka sehloohong matsoelintsoeke.

Ha a ntse a ea bobeli matsoelintsoeke e bulehileng (ha ho na lenaihana). The transformer e idling. Kahoo e khathatsang haholo e nyenyane, ho tloha hona joale, magnetizing tšepe konokono ka lebaka la e kholo bottom kela e nyenyane haholo. Energy phetiso ho oa potoloho mahareng ho tswa mathomo ha, offline. Phihlelo ena e fana ka monyetla oa ho ithuta ho fetola karo-karolelano, ho hanyetsa ea dutseng di sa sebetse ho le transformer jwale.

Transformer mojaro, sefapano ka resistor oa potoloho mahareng matsoelintsoeke. E tla hona joale tsoela pele hona joale induction, denoted ke lengolo le I₂. hona joale sena, ho ea ka molao Lenz ho tla etsa hore ea fokotseha tsa ts'ebetsong a khoheli a ka tšereme mangole. Leha ho le joalo, ho fifala ha ts'ebetsong a khoheli a ka liboto tla fokotsa ho intša induction electromotive a maholo ka ho sa mathomo matsoelintsoeke le ho e imbalance pakeng tsa lebotho la sena le gagamalo E₁ U₁, e fanoeng ke jenereithara ho mathomo matsoelintsoeke. Ka lebaka leo, le ka sehloohong matsoelintsoeke eketseha hona joale ho ba bang I₁ boleng 'me e ba ba lekanang Ke + I₁. Ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha jwale khoheli ts'ebetsong ka transformer konokono tla eketsa ho boleng lona pejana le imbalance pakeng U₁ le E₁ e tsosolositsoeng hape. Ka tsela eo, ponahalo ea mahareng I₂ jwale e etsa hore ho eketseha ha jwale ka mathomo matsoelintsoeke ke boleng I₁, eo e iphumanela ho mojaro jwale ya mathomo matsoelintsoeke ea transformer le.

Ha mojaro oa transformer e entsoeng phetiso e tsoelang pele ea matla ka ho oa potoloho mahareng ho tswa mathomo sa. Ke molao oa paballo le phetoho ya matla, hona joale ka matla oa potoloho ka sehloohong ke ba lekanang le hona joale ka matla oa potoloho mahareng; Ka hona, le lokela ho sebetsa tekano:

I₁ U₁ = I₂U₂.

Ha e le hantle, tekano ena e sa hlokomela, joalokaha e etsahala transformer le ho na le tahlehelo Leha ho le joalo tse nyenyane. Phetoho karo-karolelano e ka bang 94-99%.