Moscow, DME - e leng boema-fofane?

Moscow, motse-moholo oa Federation ea Russia, ke motse e khōlō ea kajeno, teng ka naha ea East European Plain, hoo e ka bang ka setsi haholo, ka nōkeng ea lebitso tšoanang. baahi ba motse ona e, ho ea ka palo ea sechaba ho qetela etsoa ka taelo ea leshome le metso e le batho ba limilione tse halofo.

Kakaretso ea palo ya batho ba ba etela motse-moholo letsatsi le letsatsi, ho akarelletsa baahi ba Moscow agglomeration ea toropo, ka linako tse ling tse limilione tse fetang leshome le metso e supileng tse workdays phathahanyang. Traffic phallang ea litaelo fapaneng intersect mona, ho kopanyelletsa le Lufthansa tse ngata.

DME - e leng boema-fofane o tla hopotsa?

Tharo aviahaba morao-rao sebeletsa toropokgolo moea phasejeng, 'me hore lintho li ke ke bala tse seng kae dozen seaplane ya eang lebatowa, hammoho le lifofane tse poraefete. SVO, VKO, DME - fofane kamehla e na le ipatlele khoutu lona machaba. Le hore e ile a bontša ka tekete, se nang le bolulo makhalo, tagged thoto le tse ling tse leha e le efe sefofane ditokomane. Ka tloaelo ho, ya data tsena ke lekana bakeng sa ho boikemisetso ba phoso ntle ba boitsebiso bo hlokahalang ka sefofane ho. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba aviaturistov holim 'rasiti eteloang rasiti kapa lero la tekete ea elektronike ho potso e utloahalang: DME - fofane leha e le efe sebakeng leng motse-moholo o le lebitso?

A histori hanyane

"Domodedovo", tsejoang hape e le Airport DME Moscow, - e mong oa khale ka ho fetisisa sebakeng aviahabov-moholo. Design le kaho ea koung ena moea ba ile ba qala ka 1956. Lilemo tse supileng hamorao, ka runway tsa boema-fofane tse ncha qala pele thepa sefofane e-mail eang teng, 'me selemo hamorao sefofane sa phahama ka cha moea "Tupolev" le bapalami ba ka sekepeng.

"Domodedovo" boema-fofane. boemo ba morao-rao

Ho fihlela joale, Domodedovo Airport (DME) ke e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa Russia. Ka 2013, o ile a ba feta har'a a ikutloang kateng ka bapalami ba mashome a mabeli a limilione tse robeli. lifofane tse peli tse fapaneng ke a lula a ka matla e mokgwa wa tshebetso, ho nka ka e ngata ea letsatsi le letsatsi motheo wa mapolanka tloha lefatšeng ka bophara.

Di lokisetsa ka tšoanang le eo, km tse peli le e mong le tse ling tse, lumella takeoffs le landings ka e mong le e hlobolisa ka nako le autonomously, ntle ho e mong le e tse ling. E mong le e runway e pakiloeng ICAO machaba lifofane mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng bakeng sa gato IIIA sehlopha. Ka mor'a ho tsosolosa ya bente e pele e neng e etsa lilemo tse peli le halofo tse fetileng, boema-fofane o ile a khona ho fumana le ho boloka bartolomeo-boima transcontinental airliners thaepa Airbus A380. Karolong e bohareng ea Russia ke sebaka se feela moo ho ka etsa lulisa sefofane ea mofuta ona - "Domodedovo" (DME). Eo boema-fofane naheng ya rona se seholo ntse a ka ithorisa la seo?

Classification le Coding

E mong le e le mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng o sebelisa mofuta tsa lona tsa khouto seaplane, navigational lintlha lokisa sepeiti (mohlala, Vor-mwinda) le tse ling tse lifofane naha tse thehiloeng Bibeleng. DME - khoutu "Domodedovo" boema-fofane ho ea ka IATA tlhophiso. Ho latela ICAO, o se a ntse a UUDD.

Ho ea ka dikhoutu tlhophiso European tse tharo-lengolo tlotla ka US - mane lengolo. Ka linako tse ling tlotla pakeng tsa litlhaku tse ka mose lipalo (haholo-holo ka ho tšoaea-beacon tsa Vor-nyane boema-fofane kapa boleng ea moo ea lifofane tse le ya poraefete). Tloaelana le mong ho e mong, dikhoutu tsena ka feela ba bakeng sa naha ea United States of America, moo ho lengolo la pele "K" Ho bontša hore ena ke khouto lintho United States ICAO, le tlang mangolo a mararo a e tšoanang ho ea ka IATA khoutu ya. Ka mohlala, John F. Kennedy International Airport New York, United States, ho ea ka tlhophiso ea American ke lengolo khoutu KJFK, ha ka European - JFK. Likarolong tse ling tsa lefatše pakeng tsa khouto ya ha e le lumellane. Leha ho le joalo, potso ea sala bulehileng. Moscow, DME - e leng boema-fofane, 'me botlhokwa go feta, ke hobane'ng ha ho ke ke e joalo e tlotla e sa tloaelehang?

ICAO kapa IATA - hore ke potso

Ho le bonolo ho utloisisa boemo boo, haeba u sheba mehloli ea litsebi tsa tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le tsamaiso ea lifofane. Ho na le ba babeli ba machaba sefofane-lifofane mekhatlo: IATA (International Air Transport Association) , kapa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Air Transport; le ICAO (International Civil tsamaiso ea lifofane Organization), kapa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Civil tsamaiso ea lifofane Organization. Hona joale, kaofela ba ile ba ba le ntlo-khōlō ea bona ho la Montreal (Canada).

Pele Second Ntoa ea Lefatše, IATA thehiloeng The Hague (Netherlands). O ne a ka sekhukhu taolo le bolaoli supervisory ho fana ka moea sephethephethe Europe, ha a ntse a ICAO haholo laoloa aerotrafik ka Amerika Leboea k'honthinente. Leha taolo le ntshetsopele ya litsela moea e bile le ntse ke ntho e tlang pele mosebetsi oa mekhatlo ena e 'meli, karolo ea bona ha e felle feela feela ho mesebetsi ba lifofane ba letsatsi le letsatsi bophelo. pakane ea bona e 'ngoe ka tsela e tsoanang bohlokoa - ke ho etsa bonnete ba ho batla ho bolokehile le kamehla thepa le mopalami sephethephethe, eketsa mekhoa le dipoelo, tšehetso leha e le efe' me thuso ea ho etsa liopereishene sefofane.

IATA Russia

Mona ka ho pelaelo hore 'na ha hlaha hape. Ka hao ea e-tekete ka boletsweng tjena: Moscow, DME. eo boema-fofane tabeng ena e hlokahala?

Domodedovo (DME) - Airport tsa Moscow sebakeng, 'me e nkoa e le moea heke ea motse-moholo. Leha ho le joalo, boema-fofane e teng sebopeho sa naha sebakeng Moscow, ka le moeli oa Ramenskoye setereke le ba setereke tsa litoropo Domodedovo, km mashome a mane a metso e mehlano ho tloha bohareng bohlokoa historing ea Moscow ka tataiso e ka boroa le ka km mashome a mabeli-tse peli ho tloha meeli motse oa motse-moholo - Moscow. DME khoutu ka boeona e - ke khutsufatso ea lebitso la boema-fofane Domodedovo. Karolo e setseng ea hekeng moea ea sebaka se Moscow ba le tšoanang motheo oa sehlahisoa: "Sheremetyevo", tsejoang hape e le Sheremetyevo, tsejoang hape e le SVO. Kapa, ho etsa mohlala, "Vnukovo", a ke Vnukovo, ke VKO.

The bongata ba pele e neng e seaplane Soviet Union ka deciphered ke dikhoutu European IATA. Leha ho na le ntle le mabaka a. Ka mohlala, sa tsoaneng e ba boema-fofane ba motse-moholo oa botsoalle Kazakhstan, e leng motse oa Astana, le Tse ke khutsufatso, eo le na letho ho etsa le lebitso la ea kajeno ea motse. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba tsebo hopola seo lebitso tsoalla motse ona mehleng ea Soviet Union: Tselinograd, Tselinograd. Kahoo, khoutu loketseng.

ICAO ka sebaka poso-ba Soviet Union

Kamoo kgetho abeloa tsamaisong ea ICAO? Na, haholo, tsohle e botjwa le ho beha ka a liluloaneng. Lengolo la pele la khoutu e bontša naha, ya bobedi - sebakeng, le tsa ho qetela tse peli tsa hlalosa cipher khetheha boema-fofane. Nakong ea Soviet Union ka nako eo e neng e le lengolo U e tsitsitseng. Ka mor'a ho putlama ha Soviet ea linaha European poso-ba Soviet Union ba le European lengolo khoutu tlhotlheletsang sebakeng E (ka mohlala, linaheng tsa Baltic), empa bongata ba re kajeno ikemetseng, o ile a lokisetsa, hangata ho Asia, o ile a lula e dikhoutu pele ke ICAO (Tajikistan, Georgia, Armenia, joalo-joalo .) "Domodedovo" ka molao-motheo ena e ne e UUDD phokotseho. seaplane tse ling tse kang fofane "Sheremetyevo", - UUEE.

Dikhoutu le lifofane

Ke hobane'ng ha re hloka dikhoutu tsee? Na ha re sa tsoa fana ka sebaka sa ho tloha, sebaka sa ho fihla, qala ho enjene le fofa le khotso ea kelello, moo u batla ho? Leha ho le joalo, ha ho bonolo joalokaha ho bonahala ka chebo ea mahlo. Letsatsi le letsatsi moeeng ka nako e tšoanang e ka ba le lifofane tse seng kae tse sekete. Ha lintho tse ngata, o re, 'me u tla ba le tokelo ka ho feletseng. Leha ho le joalo, moeeng le fatše, ho na le sebaka seo ho khethehileng tšoauoa - the Lufthansa.

sefaha leha e le efe, khoebo kapa lehae, e fofelang ka velocities fetang makhetlo a 'maloa ka lebelo koloi. Sena ke 'nete haholo-holo ka lifofane jete-tsamaisoa turbines. Ho fapana le mochine o, u ke ke ra khaotsa ho sefofane moeeng. E mong le e ipetlela litsela ke ho hlokahala hore ho bolela esale pele esale pele. Esita le lulisa lifofane morao-rao qala ho ea km mashome a robong o mong le makholo a tloha sebakeng boema-fofane.

mekgwatshebetso ya ho ka tieo, ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha kaofela ha mekgwa ya tshebetso taolo lethathamo la, hammoho le tsamaya ka moralo o khethehileng oa sefofane (merero Flight) - tsena ke likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa ho tsamaisa lifofane e khōlō. Leha e le sefofane-moralo - tseleng e katiloeng ho eang ka (boemong ba matha ka) esale pele bophahamong sefofane, e kentse e liner hloa le ho fokotsa yona ho ya ka ho lokisetsa bakeng sa letsatsi le likela ho qetela ka lulisa glideslope.

Lifofane tsela - ke boqapi ba lona a lekanyelitsoeng lefatšeng - ho fallela ho tloha ntlha e 'ngoe mabapi le ho laola ho e' ngoe sebaka se bonyane pakeng tsa bona, ke hore ka mola otlolohile. Le tsela e bonolo ea ho fetisisa ea ho hlalosa ntlha e - ke khoutu ikhetha ka tsamaiso tlhophiso eo ke IATA kapa ICAO.

ho ena le hore phetheha

DME .... Ke boema-fofane ka sebakeng Moscow o khouto ya? Hona joale o ka tsela e sireletsehileng le ho competently ka araba - "Domodedovo". 'Me e ke ho se bonolo ho araba,' me esita le ho hlalosa ho etymology tsa phokotso ena, phatsimang tsebo ea bona ka ho ba har'a metsoalle kapa har'a basebetsi-'moho.