Moo le kamoo neurohormones li hlahisoa joang? ke eng neurohormones le life mesebetsi ea bona?

Sebopeho le mesebetsi ea litsoelesa le endocrine ithuta saense e sa, e le endocrinology. Taeo ea Hape hlahloba tse fapa-fapaneng mefuta eohle ea li-hormone, sebelisana bona, tsela ea sebopeho bona le tšusumetso 'mele.

Ke ntho efe e ka li-hormone?

Tabeng ena, kena maling le phunyeletse makala a sa tšoaneng ka eona. Ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa dintho tsena e fokotsehile kapa eketsehileng mosebetsi oa liseleng tse ling, o ile a re e le liphofu. Hormone ka tšusumetso e bona ka hoo e ka bang bohle ba na le mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea 'mele oa motho. Tsa mahloriso tsa metsoako e hlahisoang itshetlehile lintlha tse sa tšoaneng. Ka ho khetheha, nako e ea bohlokoa ea letsatsi, ea lilemo li, maikutlong 'me boemo ba' mele. The-hormone phunyeletse mali ha ho hlokahala, 'me felisoa le' mele le sebōpeho unaltered ka meqolo e nyane ka bile kapa moroto. Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ya metsoako, e leng na le e moholo kapa e monyenyane tekanyo ama boemo ba batho. Ba bang ba bona ke neurohormones. metsoako tsena di hlahiswa ka sebakeng seo ho khetheha ea boko. ke dintho tsena ke life? E le tsela ea ho neurohormones? Seo tshusumetso tla ba na le tsamaisong ea 'meleng? Ena hamorao.

Overview

Pele re fumana moo le kamoo ho ka etsa neurohormones, ba lokela ho utloisisa hore na lintho tse tsena ho hang. The tlhaloso ka boeona e na metso Segerike. E ka ho toba le le fetoletsoeng e le neuron (kutlo) + hormaino (susumelletsa, propel). neurohormones ke eng? Sena biologically mafolofolo nakong peptide komponeng. Ba tlile ka pituitary tšoelesa le o laola mosebetsi oa eona. Neurohormone lokolloa ke hypothalamus le. mosebetsi e loketseng metsoako thuto.bafuputsi ba buisana endocrine le tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo le mong ho e mong. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore lisele tse neurosecretory na nahanela ka ho khetheha neurotransmitters mosebetsi - metsoako eo fetisetsa pulse length ho setho sebetsa tsa methapo ea kutlo 'me ho qetelloa. Kahoo, ho ba le seabo bona fetela le ho molao oa tsamaiso ea mosebetsi oa litsoelesa endocrine nakong ea ntshetsopele le kgolo ya ea phelang.

tlhophiso

Ka sehlopha sena, lihlopha tse peli tsa metsoako. Pele ke liberiny. dintho tsena ba le phello e susumetsang ka tlhahiso ea pituitary liphiri Tropic. Sehlopheng sena, ka ho khetheha, 'me e kenyeletsa corticotropin thyroliberin, folliberin, lyuliberin, somatoliberin, melanoliberin, prolaktoliberin. Bobeli sehlopha netsyrogormonov - statins. lihlahisoa tsena soednieniya fokotsa liphiri Tropic pituitary. Ka sehlopha sena, haholo-holo e kenyeletsa somatostatin, le melanostatin prolaktostatin. Ho ea ka ya ka dipholo tsa lithuto tsa ka, mosebetsi oa neurohormones tsa hypothalamus le ha e felle feela feela tlhotlheletso kapa thibelo ea tlhahiso ea biologically mafolofolo nakong metsoako Tropic. Lintho tse nang le bokhoni ba ho susumetsa dithulaganyo le biosynthesis.

Eo ho eona libakeng tse e etsoa ka ho hlaolela?

Ho itsoe ka holimo hore ho hlahisa metsoako tsena ho batho o etsoang ho tsoa sebakeng se itseng ea boko. Sebopeho sa dintho tsena le hlaha ka bobeli vertebrates le ka invertebrates. Moo le kamoo neurohormones etsoa ka lintho tse ling? Ka vertebrates, amehang ka secretion ea pineal tšoelesa pinealocytes likarolo chromaffin dinama tse nyenyane tse ka adrenal medulla, ganglia le methapo ea kutlo likutu paraganglia autonomic le pheriferale tsamaiso ea methapo. The secretory granules neurohormones hangata tlama ho liprotheine microcyteme.

tse hlahang

Ho fapana le foromo classic ea lisele methapo ea kutlo, leo ho hlahisa lik'hemik'hale difetisi methapo ea kutlo litakatso - mediators, lisele tse neurosecretory hlahisa ka cytoplasm (maemong a sa tloaelehang, ka khubung ea) komponeng e itseng. metsoako tsena di khetholloa haholo-holo ke ho dipheletso methapo ea kutlo (boemelong) maling, hemolymph, cerebrospinal mokelikeli le dinama tse nyenyane tse. Neurohormones na le laoloang ama mosebetsi oa makala visceral (endocrine litsoelesa, ka ho khetheha) le tsamaiso ea bohareng tšohile.

ke mesebetsi ea lisele neurosecretory eng? mesebetsi ea likarolo tsena e laoloa ke methapo ea kutlo classic. axons bona thehoa synapses multiple ka 'mele' me appendages lisele tse neurosecretory hore na matla a ho hlahisa ho 'nang bohato le ho phatlalatsoa ha pulse length hammoho axons ena.

Lefelo le mahloriso

Ho tseba hantle moo le kamoo ho ka etsa neurohormones, lokela ho nahana kabo bona tsamaisong ea methapo ea kutlo. Ka invertebrates tlaase dikgokelo phelang li aba diffusely. Phylogenetically bontša mahloriso neurosecretory mele seleng ea ka litsi tse fapaneng. Ho joalo, ho na le ho bokella ya crustaceans ka X-'mele,' me ka likokoanyana, ho etsa mohlala, ka prototserebrume. Ka nako e tšoanang na le neyrogemalnye 'mele le tsela neurosecretory. Ka vertebrates, e bua haholo ka morao-rao ka sebakeng seo ho khetheha ba diencephalon e (le hape tšoasa litlhapi sebakeng caudal ea lesapo la mokokotlo khoele - urofize). Ka lebaka leo, ha thehoa tse peli tse ka sehloohong neurosecretory tsamaiso e khopo: caudal (tlhapi feela) le hypothalamic-pituitary.

mekhahlelo ea ho tšoaroa

Moo le kamoo neurohormones li hlahisoa joang? Tswakana tsa metsoako e amanang le liprotheine microcyteme, e phethile ka ribosome ena. Bokella le hlaha ka tubules tsa reticulum endoplasmic. Pellets mathomo a qetella a thehoa ho Golgi rarahaneng. dikarolo tsena, eo bophara ke ho tloha 50 ho ea ho 500 NM na lipoprotein enfelopo. E arohane ho tloha bohareng elektrone-letšo-letšo. O, le eena, e na le protheine e microcyteme le neurohormone. Hatela granules le o etsoang ka nģ'a axons ena. Ba bang ba axons kopana le methapong ka neurohypophysis ena. Batho ba bang - le lisele tse glandular ka adenohypophysis (haholo-holo karolo e itseng ea eona lipakeng). Ka tlhapi, ho axons ba tsamaiso caudal neurosecretory baka mabitso a mang aksoventrikulyarnye. Ka ho toba kgetho dikahare tsa granules e phethahatsoa ka ho ikopanya le k'homphieutheng, ke exocytosis kapa derivatives neyrogemalnyh mele, precapillary sebaka intercellular le ka lekhalo ka phahameng ka ho ea limolek'hule.

khoneha bolwetse

Neurohormones ameha lula hemostasis (metsi le letsoai, joalo-joalo), likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa metabolism, molao oa tsamaiso ea mesifa boreleli molumo. Ho phaella moo, ka lebaka la ho mosebetsi oa bona o ne o tiisa tshebetso tsitsitseng ea metsoako ea litsoelesa le endocrine. E boetse e nkoa e le tšebetso ea metsoako peptide tlatsetsa liphetoho e le sireletsang le ho etsehang ea phelang. Kena hemolymph ka mokelikeli cerebrospinal kapa dinama tse nyenyane tse, ba na le nako e telele e hōle laoloang sebediswa. Tabeng ea ditlolo ka botebo mosebetsi oa hypothalamus le hlahisa, ka ho latellana, neurohormones hypothalamic, ho na le meferefere e hlahisa lihomone ka pituitary tšoelesa le litsoelesa ba bang endocrine. Monna eo o ile a qala ho ntshetsa pele tse fapa-fapaneng mafu a ea tsamaiso ea endocrine. Ka ho khetheha, li akarelletsa ho hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency, lefu Cushing e, acromegaly, hypothyroidism le maloetse a mang.