Lisosa tsa Serussia-Turkish ntoa (1877-1878 GG.) 'Me liphello tsa eona

bakang tse ngata tsa Russia-Turkish ntoa (1877-1878 GG.) Lebisa ho e le qalo ea ho kgohlano ba hlometseng pakeng tsa mebuso e 'meli ka ho Balkan Hloahloeng. O ne a se boleloang bohlokoa bakeng sa lichaba Maslav ba sebakeng seo.

khohlano perennial

Ho hlahloba lisosa tsa Serussia Turkish ntoa (1877-1878 GG.), E lokela ho ile a bolela hore khohlano pakeng tsa mebuso ena e 'meli e ne e le khale le tebileng hore e mong le kamehla khohlano le hlometseng ea e-ba e utloahalang tswelediso tsa laoloeng le makholo a lilemo li pakeng tsa morena le Sultan. Ho tloha ka nako, lilemong tsa XVII, e re tsena ba ne ba atile leliboho, nako le nako a loana naheng ea bona le matlotlo.

Ka laoloeng ena Turkey ka makhetlo-khetlo hlōloa, ho fana Romanov profensing ea e ntjha - .. Seukraine steppe, ho principality Moldavia, joalo-joalo The mokhelo o ne a le ea Ntoa ea Crimea ea 1853-1856, ha 'Muso oa Ottoman pepenene tshehetswa ka Bophirimela matla European, tšabang matlafatsang ka tsela e feteletseng ea Russia. . Nicholas nka shoa pele ho nako ka litsela tse ngata ho tloha morusu maikutlo tse amanang le ho hlōloa lona sesole.

Mora oa morena o shoeleng, Alexander II o ile a khona ho qeta ntoa ka thuso ea boiteko haholo mebuso, etsahalang phetoho e khōlō ho entseng selekane lireng. Empa esita le Selekane sa 1856 o ile a fa tiisetsa hore tšollo ea mali e tla ke ua qala hape. Lisosa tsa Serussia-Turkish ntoa (1877-1878 GG.) Alexander entsoe lilemo tse ngata hamorao hape ho ea ntoa le 'Muso oa Ottoman.

Khatello ea Balkan Slavs

Ka mor'a bofelo ba ea Ntoa ea Crimea, e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa Paris Khotso Selekane, Turkey tiisa le tekano ea baahi Mamosleme le Christian ea naha. E ne e le e mong oa likhanyetsano fetisisa a hlobaetsang le pakeng tsa 'Muso oa Ottoman le ba bang kaofela Europe.

Maturkey ne Mamosleme, empa ka masimong a sa Balkan la puso ea phetseng Maslav boholo - Serbs, Croats, Montenegrins le Bulgarians. batho bana kaofela ba ipolelang hore ke Bakreste. Kahoo, khohlano pakeng tsa bona le sechaba titular ne a apara e seng feela la naha, empa hape confessional botho ba hae.

Lisosa tsa Serussia-Turkish ntoa (1877-1878 GG.) Na ho toba ho sa lekaneng boemo ba ya Bulgarians. All Balkan batho Maslav a sheba morena oa St. Petersburg ka mosireletsi oa lithahasello tsa lona ka metlha 'me a kōpa thuso ea hae.

Re ke ke ra bolela hore Sultan le 'muso oa hae li ne li tšehetsa liketso tsa pefo khahlanong le Bakreste. Leha ho le joalo, boemo ba e tobana le likhohlano joalo ka hare ho naha ka menoana ea hae 'me ha aa thibela Mamosleme hatella le Bulgarians le a manyenyane a mang merabe.

Qalong ea ea XIX lekholong la lilemo la ho tloha Turkey "arola" Greece. Naha fumana boipuso eona ka mor'a lilemo tse ngata ntoa tšollang mali. Empa ka lilemo tse mashome tse ileng tsa latela 'Muso oa Ottoman a tsoela pele ho laola libaka tse itseng moo ho na le ntse Bagerike ba phela.

Ka lebaka la sena, ka 1860s sehlekehlekeng sa Kreta ne ho lokolloa merusu, e neng e ka sehlōhō a hatella. Kahoo, lisosa tsa Serussia-Turkish ntoa ea 1877-1878. Ho itšetlehile ka ho toba ka taba ea hore 'Muso oa Ottoman ne a ke ke teng ka meeli ea eona pejana, ha a ntse a se mabapi le litokelo tsa Balkan lichaba tse ngata.

lipuisano Gorchakov e

Alexander II e-ba morena ha Russia e lahlehileng ea Ntoa ea Crimea. O ile a tlameha ho ea lefatšeng a sa jeseng litheohelang. Leha naha ha e lahlehileng tšimong ea, la Seoa Sea likepe e ile ea timetsoa, 'me a latola latela konteraka ya. Bakeng sa St. Petersburg boemo bona e ne e le tlotlollang. The moemphera e mocha ea khethiloeng ho poso oa Letona la Litaba Tsa Naha Esele phihlelo diplomat Alexander Gorchakov. Bo-rahistori ba bangata ba nka mo "bohlooho mok'hadinale" ea leano la Russia tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa mehleng ea.

The Tsar le Gorchakov o ile a qala ho lokisetsa bakeng sa qojoa a ntseng a mpefala ba kopanele liphate le 'Muso oa Ottoman le ntoa e tlang. Russia, ka nako ea khotso e fetile liphetoho tse ngata: ho hana serfdom, liphetoho tsa sesole le moruo. Kaofela ha mehato ena ho akarelletsa le lokela ho thusa ho modernize tse ruuoang mabothong a hlometseng.

Prussia Union

Mora matla European pepenene tshehetswa Turkey ka ea Ntoa ea Crimea, ea lilemo li likamano mebuso le bona e ile ea etsahala. The motsoalle feela ea St. Petersburg e ile ea Berlin. Ka nako ena, Morena oa Prussia potlako kopane Jeremane, ba lakatsang ho bopa e le 'ngoe ea sechaba' muso. lireng hae e ne e le Austria. Habsburg lesika, eo a busa Vienna, hape o ile a bolela ho kopanngoa ha Jeremane tlas'a taelo ea hae, empa o ne a ile a hlōla ka ntoa khahlanong le Hohenzollern.

Ka 1870, Prussia hlōla Fora ka Ntoa ea Alsace le Lorraine. katleho ena e lumelloa Morena oa Prussia ho phatlalatsa ho ne ho bōptjoa tsa Jeremane Muso o Moholo, eo e boetse e akarelletsa tse ngata tse nyenyane Jeremane principality. France e 'ngoe ea guarantors la botšepehi ba' Muso oa Ottoman. Russia le Jeremane hlahisitse e kopaneng mebuso ka pele, e batlang ho ba qobella Paris ho tlohela boitlamo bona ho Sultan. plan hlile sebelitse. Ho phaella moo, Russia e hang hape hlōla le tokelo ea ho haha likepe Leoatleng le Letšo.

Se-bulgaria merusu

Hang, baemeli Russia a saa'ne mode ho khahlanong le 'Muso oa Ottoman. Ba anngoeng le semelo sa, mabaka Serussia Turkish ntoa (1877-1878 GG.) Joalokaha ho hantle e le tumellano ya matla ea European. Ka nako eo ea sechaba ho lokolloa merusu Bulgaria.

Janissaries ka matla haholo, a ileng a sebetsana e seng feela le masole a seng molaong, empa hape baahi. Sena ke lebaka leo ka lona e Russia-Turkish Ntoa (1877-1878). Diphetho tsa bofetoheli boo ha boa ka ameha ka potlako haholo. Russia phatlalatsa hore ba futuhela 'Muso oa Ottoman, tšehetsa Bulgarians Orthodox ea ileng a botsa bakeng sa thuso ea ho morena. Lilemong tse fetileng tse peli mabōpong ea Danube tsoela pele ka ntoa tšollang mali pakeng tsa mabotho a linaha tsena.

phello ea ntoa

Ho tseba seo le mabaka a sa Serussia Turkish ntoa (1877-1878 GG.), O ka habonolo nahana hore na ho fela. Lebotho la Alexander II o ile a hlōla Mamosleme le e sokela ka hore o Istanbul. Sultan ne ba lokela ho retelehela ho lipuisano.

Ka 1878 ho San Stefano selekane khotso e ile ea saena. Ho ea ka eena, Romania, Serbia le Montenegro ile ea e-re ba ikemetseng. Bulgarians amohetse boikemelo sephara. Ka mor'a nakoana, de Khao facto, ba boetse ba tsoa tlas'a sebakeng se taolong ea Istanbul. Russia ba ile ba kopanela Bessarabia le Kars sebakeng ka South Caucasus.