Liphatsa tsa lefutso - ho tloha mehleng ea khale ho fihlela letsatsing joale

Liphatsa tsa lefutso - tšimo ea baeloji hore o ithuta liphatsa tsa lefutso, lefutso le melao le melao-motheo ea phetoho ea phelang. Ha e le hantle, ka tsela e itseng e itseng ea metso liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka amahanngoa morao ho matsatsi a pele tsa tsoelo-pele ea batho ha monna ka phoso o ile a senola 'nete ea hore libōpuoa tse phelang a ka ja lefa la mekhoa ho tloha baholo-holo ba bona' me ba, ya e le hantle, batsoali ba. Emelang joalo hantle ka o ile a senola ka potlako haholo, 'me kahoo ho na le e ne e le ho ikatisa khetha ea lijo-thollo' me liphoofolo tsena ka bobeli. Leha ho le joalo, e le liphatsa tsa lefutso ea kajeno ba ile ba qala lilemong tsa bo-bohareng ba bo-ea leshome le metso e robong, ka mosebetsi oa Gregor Mendel. Esita le ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore motheong' meleng haholo tsa lefutso Mendel ne e sa tsejoeng, o ne a khona ho hlokomela hore lintho tse phelang rua litšobotsi tse itseng ka ho itseng diyuniti discrete tsa lefutso. Ho diyuniti tsena le hona joale re bitsa liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Ha e le hantle, liphatsa tsa lefutso - tsena libakeng tse ka DNA le DNA - ka molek'hule comprised batho ba bane mefuta e fapaneng ya nucleotides, eo tatelano ke ho heritable liphatsa tsa lefutso lesedi phelang. The khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso, le eena, a ke kamano e teng pakeng nucleotide tatelano le amino acid e latellana joang, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa mosebetsi protheine.

Leha ho le joalo, liphatsa tsa lefutso, le hoja e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ka ponahalo le ka ntshetsopeleng ya, tshebetso, 'me boitšoaro ba ntho e phelang, e seng feela e hlalosa, kahoo ho bua, "phello bofelo ba" tsoelo-pele. Ntle bakeng sa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse amehang ena le maemo a eo ho eona e phelang o ntshetsopele. Batlang e le bua, lefutso le ka phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka sebōpeho sa, ho etsa mohlala, ka e phahameng-kholo ea tsona, empa haholo-holo tikoloho, phepo e nepahetseng, palo ea ho ikoetlisa 'me esita le ho bolaoa ha boitlhakiso li itseng - kaofela ha tsona li ka haholo ama litšobotsi tsa ka boletsweng (bophahamo).

tse ngata tsa mafu a ka tšoaetsanoang ka ka tobileng ea mohlala e tšoanang. mafu a joalo ba bitsoa "mafu a lefa" kapa mafu, ba ketsahalo e le ntshetsopele ea lisele tseo ho bakoa ke kholofalo. E mong ha lia lokela ho re ferekanye polietiologichesky lefu le tsesaane sehlopha sa liphatsa tsa lefutso mafu sehlopha. Kamoo ke lefa la mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso? Motheong oa mafu a lefa le ea mong tse ling tse ho feta liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso lesedi inheritable - hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso, chromosomal kapa liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso mitochondrial. mafu a lefa ikarabella ka fetang likete tse tšeletseng.

Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, tse ka bang hlano kapa tse makholo a tšeletseng le bana ho tloha sa tsoa tsoaloa e hlahile ka itseng lefu liphatsa tsa lefutso qeto, hangata le lefu le ka predisposition liphatsa tsa lefutso. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore a 'maloa a mafu a ka ngotsoe ke kholofalo tsoalo, hammoho le tseo kapa tse ling tse infringements ntlafatsong ea kelello ea ngoana. Leha ho le joalo, ha a le e tšoanang a kopanyelletse ba bang lefa mafu hore o ne a khona natomba ka pele nako, hammoho le ba futsitse ho tswa ho batsoali ba (kapa e mong oa bona). Kgonego ya ho ba le ngoana ea nang le ena kapa hore ke lefu liphatsa tsa lefutso bakileng itšetlehile ka palo e lintlha, ho akarelletsa le:

1. lilemo tsa batsoali. Ho tloha ka le lilemo liseleng bakoang ke ho feta le ho feta tse nyenyane liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso eketseha le lilemo le kotsi ea ho ba le lesea le sa tloaelehang liphatsa tsa lefutso;

2. haufi-ufi amanang le ea puisano. Beng ka ba bajari ba liphatsa tsa lefutso e tšoanang ea bakuli, eo ka ho hlaka hampe ama bana;

3. pele o ile a kopana ka lelapa liphatsa tsa lefutso anomaly. Sena e ka ba e ka ba ka mokgwa wa lefu le sa foleng la lelapa, 'me ka ho ba teng ha bana ba kulang, se hlahile;

4. bao e leng itseng morabe ofe.

Oho, molemo ka ho fetisisa tsela ea ho tsoara liphatsa tsa lefutso mafu ke ho bona thibelo, eo e nkoa e le a buisane liphatsa tsa lefutso le liphatsa tsa lefutso liteko - le esita le pele ho emoloa.