Likhato: kamano pakeng tsa selekanyamogote le dystopia bukeng Ray Bradbury

Sokolloha ka mocheso tekanyo e mong ea bitsoang ka mor'a hore Jeremane fisiks Gabriel Daniele XVII lekholong la lilemo la likhato (1686-1736). Bo-rasaense ba ke bōpile e le selekanyamogote, e leng seo e sisintsweng tsamaiso le ho le bonolo ho lekanya qaloang. Distância lekgutshwane pakeng likarohano le appliance o bitsoa "likhato likhato" ho tlotla moqapi ea. tekanyo e ena hona joale o sebelisoang tlase hangata ka lebaka la phetoho ea ho tse 70 ogy ea lekholo XX ho International lihlopha (SI) tsamaiso. Tsebo ea melao ea phetiso ea unit trust e mong ho e mong ho tla re thusa ho utloisisa hantle hore na se boleloang ke lebitso la lipale tsa Ray Bradbury o "likhato 451" baahi ba linaha tseo ho tsona ho sebelisa ea tsamaiso meteriki feela.

Gabriel Daniele likhato

Jeremane mofuputsi G. likhato hlahetse Danzig, ba ile ba sebetsa bophelo bohle ba hae ka liteko tsa fisiks, o ile a qapa lisebelisoa tse ho sebelisoa ka metrology. Ka 1710, rasaense e qalile ho theha mocheso tekanyo e le sesebelisoa sa ho lekanya futhumatsang le Cooling mele. E 'ngoe ea lintlha tse ho qala ho etsa mosebetsi ona e ne e le hlokomela la puso ea motsoako oa leqhoa le metsi le e le mouoane ea metsi ka tlas'a reflux.

The liletsa bakeng sa ho lekanya mocheso likhato sebelisoa tinted joala le mercury. The bozangi litomba tsa tšepe mokelikeli - e tsitsipanyang ka thempereichara e tlaase. Gabriel likhato kamehla re phethahatse liletsa hae, o ile a khethoa ho Royal Society Engelane. Ka nako e 'ngoe ho ne ho nahanoa hore ke Jeremane fisiks ditemometareng irretrievably lahlehile. Ho ne ho Maemong a mabeli feela, empa o ne a hamorao o ile a fumana karolo ea boraro ea sesebelisoa sa pele, o ile a qapa ke bo-rasaense ba.

Sesebediswa bakeng sa ho lekanya mocheso

ditemometareng tse fapa-fapaneng ho na le lilemo tse ka bang 500 lilemo tse, le tlotla ea ho bōpa liletsa tsena tsa bohlokoa e arotsoe lipakeng tsa bo-rasaense ba moholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Mehleng e Bohareng. The disampole pele ba ne ba ho katleho kgethile qaloang bakeng sa tekanyo e, 'me ke sebelisa likarohano fapaneng "theko" ditemometareng ne sokolisa ka bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi.

lokeloe Gabriel likhato e itšetlehile ka 'nete ea hore o ile a qapa mofuta o oa kajeno oa seletsa se ho ka tsela e nepahetseng le lekanyetsa ka tekanyo e. The lefokisi tlhahiso e le tšimoloho ea phetoho ka leqhoa metsi, e belang lona ntlha nahanela. Morao-rao lapeng ditemometareng linaheng buang Senyesemane joaloka e monyenyane o ile a qapa Mehleng e Bohareng, e hona joale, hangata e le letšoao le sebelisoa ka mefuta e fapaneng ho tloha 0 ho 132 ° F (likhato likhato).

mocheso tekanyo e

The entsprechen bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea tekanyo e bōpiloe ke likhato:

• Point 0 ° F - ke mocheso ka eo leqhoa e;
• 32 ° F - qhibiliha leqhoa le khutlisetsang phetoho - boemong ba tiileng;
• 212 likhato likhato - phehile metsi.

Likhato qala denoted ° F ka mor'a ho qaptjoa mechine ea selekanyamogote e. Seswedishe mofuputsi Anders Tselsy nepahetse ho feta molekane lona Jeremane, thehile metsi mocheso oa phetoho liprofinseng fapaneng aggregate. Ka tekanyo e sa e sisintsweng ke rasaense Seswedishe, haholo, e ne e le mokhabo-100, empa e lumellana le qhibiliha ea leqhoa e. Nakong ea ntlha e belang e metsi a 0 likhato Celsius qeto. lilemo tse fetang 250 ho se ho fetile nako eo ha tekanyo e ena phethola: phetoho mocheso leqhoa metsi a nkile ka 0 ° C, 'me e belang ntlha lona e ile ya thontsweng ho sebediswa makgetlo a 100.

Mocheso tekanyo e ka sehloohong tsamaisong ea meteriki

Ho tloha ka 1960, linaheng tse ngata ho etsa phetoho ea ho tsamaiso ea meteriki, eo ho eona sekala tse pedi di sebediswa: Celsius le Kelvin. The atileng ka ho fetisisa bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, 'me bonono ditemometareng meteorological, eo Bear arola Celsius, nahana ka fetola atileng ka ho fetisisa tsa lefatše taba - metsi. The Kelvin tekanyo e sebelisoang ka lipatlisiso tsa saense, ho qala mocheso ke moo ho buuoang boemo ba 'mele ka eo e nang le nyenyane ka ho fetisisa eneji, le ka hare. United States le Brithani ha botlalo lithuto tsa ho lihlopha (SI) Tsamaiso ea Machaba. Ka tsela ena le linaheng tse ling tse ngata tse buang Senyesemane li sebelisa ditemometareng le sekala fapaneng.

bapisa le dithemparetjha

Mocheso likhato ho na le karohano ho tloha 0 ° ho ea ho 100 °. This sehlopha tšoanang ka karohano Celsius tekanyo e tšoana le ho tloha -18 ° ho 38 °. The Kelvin tekanyo e sebedisa khopolo ea "lefela feletseng." mocheso ena, eo e ka -273,2 ° C kapa -459,7 ° F. Le ka fetoleloa e le likhato tse 451 likhato, e leng chelete ho 233 ° C.

thempereichara e fapaneng ka ho fetoloa e mong le tse ling tse, 'me ho se ho hlokahala ba dipalelo tsena ka US le UK, moo gore maemo thulaganyou e likarolong tse ngata tsa liphuputso tsa saense le tlhahiso ea hana ho sebelisa likhato tekanyo e, empa e ntse e le ntho e tloaelehileng ka lapeng. Haeba ho hlokahala, ea baahi ba linaha tse ling tse buang Senyesemane o sokoloha likhato ho Celsius, a tseba hore le mocheso karohano ya 1 ° C ke 1,8 ° F.

Rey Bredberi "likhato 451"

Ho tla fihlela ka 1960, ho likhato tekanyo e ne e le linaheng tse buang Senyesemane, haholo-holo sebelisoa ka limatologie, meriana, indasteri le bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi. bukeng ea hae Rey Bredberi fumana lengolo ka 1953, 'me ka epigraph ho bontša hore likhato 451 likhato - ntlha pampiri halima. Sehlahisoa se seholo sa mohale ea lulang nakong e tlang e hōle le ea sebetsang ho "mollo", empa ha e loantša mollo, 'me chesa libuka.

American khale sci-fi mofutakwalo dystopia hao bukeng ea neheloa ho mathata a ea boitšoaro ho etsa khetho, tsamaiso ea-ba khahlanong le bohatelli, mothofatso oa hore ka XX lekholong la lilemo la e ne e le fascism. A busa Jeremane, Adolf Hitler o ile a qala ka ho timetsoa ha lilaebrari, ho chesoa ha libuka. Ka tsela ena, le Führer batla ho felisa mefuta eohle ea hakaalo, u behela baahi-'moho le eena likhopolong tsa Manazi. Sokolloha ka mocheso tekanyo e le 'meleng ngata - likhato likhato - ke butle-butle ntho ea nakong e fetileng, empa mehopolo hōliselitsoe bukeng ba ntse ba tshwaneleha.