Libaka tse Hloahloa tsa Park: Ukraine. mehloli eohle ea Ukraine

Nature Ukraine ka seatla se bulehileng ka ho fetisisa le sa tloaelehang tse sa tšoaneng. E babatsehang mocheso tlelaemete le naha e nonneng, hammoho le linōka tse ngata 'me matamo, li kentse letsoho haholo ho ho hōla ka tse fapa-fapaneng steppe, Meadow le moru limela. Ka bomalimabe, mesebetsi batho ka tsoelo-pele ea naha tsa tlhaho hangata e isang pheliso ea mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea limela le liphoofolo. E le hore re lule re le moo ho kgonahalang ho atisa ho mefuta e sa tloaelehang le le kotsing ea limela le liphoofolo, hammoho le ho sireletsa naha ea khethehileng le oa ho ntlafatsa boemo ka kakaretso tikoloho, mehloli ea sechaba li ile tsa bōptjoa Ukraine.

ke mehloli ea seo

The pokello letlole la naha - e le karolo ea sebaka seo e utloisisang, e bonyane angoa ke monna. E sebediswa bakeng sa tsoelang pele le akaretsang go baya leitlho ya boemo 'me tsoelo-pele ea dithulaganyo tsa tlhaho li etsahala linthong tsa tlhaho libakeng tseo tsa biosphere, e leng ntse sa fetohe kapa fetohile hanyenyane. Mehloli ea Ukraine ke intša laolang tsamaiso ea likoluoa tsa tlhaho, ba arohile lintho tse phelang tikolohong tse ling, 'me mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea mpe tshusumetso batho.

mmuso o hlokomela libakeng tse metsi le linaheng tse ka ntle ho libakeng tse sireletswa, 'me e tlosa ho tloha tšebeliso ea moruo, ha ba ntse ba ba le mofuta o phahameng ka ho fetisisa sa libaka a sireletsa le ho e mosa ea dilaboratiriamong sebeletsa bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso lotaganngwa.

Mehloli ka Ukraine

Ka naha ea lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tse ngata naha le mehloli tlhaho bo fumanoa palo e khōlō ea mefuta e tloaelehile haholo le sa tloaelehang ea linonyana, likokoanyana, dimela, hammoho le ka seoelo, imported ho tloha lik'honthinenteng tse ling, liphoofolo. Mehloli ea Ukraine ke e kholo ea bokahohleng boleng ho tloha ntlheng ea ho lebaka la letamo phatsa ea lefutso, e emeloang mona ke mefuta e fapaneng ya limela le liphoofolo, hammoho le naha e ikhethang, o ikhethang oa ho sebakeng sena.

Ka Ukraine ho na le a mane biosphere mehloli - ka Carpathian, Danube, Black Leoatle le Askania Nova le 9 boemo tse ka libaka tse fapaneng tsa tlhaho: Polesie le Rivne sebakeng meru e tsoakiloeng, Kanev, jang le Medobory - ka libaka morung-steppe ea Dnieper-Orelsky , Eletskaya steppe, Luhansk, Seukraine steppe, lithabeng Carpathian - Carpathian le Gorgan le 6 mehloli ka naha ea Crimean hloahloeng - Kazantip, Opuksky, Karadag, ho Yalta lithaba moru, Crimean le Cape Marian.

mehloli biosphere

Mehloli ne amohetsweng ke International hokahanya la ho latela lenaneo la "Man and Biosphere". E 'ngoe ea maikemisetso bona ka sehloohong - sireletsa libakeng tsa tlhaho e le hore ho boloka ho fapafapana tsa likokoana-hloko le boemo tsa tlhaho lintho tsa tlhaho le mehahong. Ho phaella moo, sebaka sa pokello ea ho ile ha thehoa ho phetha lipatlisiso tsa saense hammoho le fa tekolo ea tikoloho e phethahatsoa ha tikoloho. By 1994, lefatšeng ka bophara ho ne ho e fetang 300 biosphere mehloli, ba bane ba eo joale le Ukraine.

Biosphere mehloli ea Ukraine akarelletsa ho libakeng tsa libakeng tse mobu le metsi, hammoho le kaofela mehahong tsa tlhaho le lintho tse arohaneng, tseo ba le e khethehileng ea saense, tikoloho, bokgabane le tse ling melao ea boitšoaro.

Sebōpeho sa mehloli e

Litsebi ho tswa ho United Nations ba ntshetswa pele khopolo ea ho bopa dikgaolo bakeng sa Biosphere mehloli. mehloli tsena tla bopilwe ka libaka tse tharo: motheo, kapa libakeng tse konokono, Buffer le libaka phetohong eo. Liboto - ke naha le bonyane khathatseha bottler. Ho mabotho lipatlisiso le mesebetsi thuto. Motheo e ka ba ntho e 'ngoe, empa ba e ka ba tse' maloa. Ba pota-potileng ke libaka pafara, e leng e ka sebediswa bakeng sa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea ho ruta, 'me bojanala jwa tlhago. Ka libaka phetoho e ka ba metsana, ho phaella moo, ho na le e lumelloa e nyenyane mosebetsi oa temo.

Biosphere Reserve Askania Nova

pokello ena e hukung ikhetha e le kannete ea tlhaho-s'o sebetsoe le otlolle ho qetela tsa steppe Europe, eo ho seng mohla ballon bulehileng. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore steppe, lengoa hang, le ka mohla botlalo hlaphoheloa. The Askania steppe ho na le tse fetang 400 mefuta e meng ea dimela, boholo ba bona ba na le lijo-thollo.

Askania Nova - sena ke ka etsahala hore ebe e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa National Park, teng ka tšimo ea Ukraine, e leng sebaka ea hectars fetang 11 tse sekete. Ho e thehiloe a 1921 ka sebakeng Kherson. Ka pokello naha ke phakeng moru le matangoana maiketsetso le melatsoana, lehae la mefuta e fetang 1,000 ea liphoofolo le tse fetang mefuta 60 ea linonyana.

The ikhethang tsa Askania Nova ke hore ho phaella mefuta ea moo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha li ka ho phethahetseng tloaetse haholo mefuta e sa tloaelehang, a tlisa ho tloha Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa le Amerika. Area a pharaletseng a masakeng tsa polokelo e 30 sq. km SE. Ka maemo a ho seka-mahala di fula ponies Shetland, kaffir linare, liqoaha, llamas, lipere Przewalski e le esita le saiga - ungulates boholo-holo, ba neng ba lula matsatsi a mammoths.

Danube Biosphere Reserve

Ho e thehiloe a 1981 ka tšimo ea sebaka se Odessa. Qalong, sebakeng seo ba lona e ne 14,8 thous. Ha. Empa sebakeng seo ba pokello e ile ea atolosa ka nako eohle 'me joale e se e ile ea fihla hectars 50 252.9. Reserve ho sireletsa e ikhethang Europe ka bophara naha ikhethang ea Danube floodplains.

Mehloli ka Ukraine ruileng ka ho fetisisa ka ho mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea limela le liphoofolo. e mong Danube Biosphere Reserve feela e na le mefuta e 563 ea limela. Joalo ho fapafapana tsa likokoana-hloko ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha o nonneng sludge khethehileng bakileng noka. Har'a litlama hangata thulana libakeng tse nang le limela tse metsi, thehoa ka dimela tse thathamisitsoeng le Lefubelu Book tsa Ukraine - e linate phaphametseng le phaphametseng Salvinia.

Beautiful tikoloho le mehlodi ya lijo tse lekaneng boreleli ho hohela nomoro ea tonanahali ea linonyana. Mona ho na le mefuta e fetang 200, har'a eo ho eona ho boetse ho na le ba bang ba ka seoelo haholo: kasikci, pinki letata le jang litlhapi, Curly letata le jang litlhapi, Ogar, tšoeu-gelada ntsu 'me a ba bang. Ho phaella moo, metsi a pokello - ya mariha sebaka bakeng sa mefuta e fetang 120 ea linonyana.

Carpathian Biosphere Reserve

pōpo ea lona ba ile ba qala ka 1968 ka naheng ea Transcarpathian sebakeng. Kakaretso Area - 57.880 ly, eo 31.995 ly - ka libaka pafara. pokello ena e na le tse fapaneng tse tšeletseng 'me ba babeli botaniki pokello, ho ba le maemo a puso: Yulevskaya Mountain le Black Mountain. le tsohle sebakeng se sirelelitsoeng ke ka e bophahamong ba limithara 2061 ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle ka lefapha la ea Carpathians Seukraine. Mona ke hloekileng lithaba tsoakiloeng beech le meru kalse mohbat le foothill meru eike, Alpine le potlana-Alpine makhulo le naha majoe-boriba.

Mehloli ea Ukraine e tumme ka meru lona, haholo-holo Carpathian. About 90% ya sebaka sa eona e koahetsoe ke meru primeval. pokello e na le mefuta e 66 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, mefuta e fetang 10,000 e fapaneng ya invertebrates, mefuta e 193 ea linonyana le mefuta e fetang 1,000 ea limela vascular. Ho phaella moo, ho na le tse fetang 60 mefuta e ea limela le mefuta e 72 ea liphoofolo tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book.

Black Sea Biosphere Reserve

O nkoa e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa, e moholo le bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa mehloli ea Ukraine, eo tšimo ea fetela le ka mose ho libakeng tse peli tse - Kherson le Mykolaiv. Haholo-holo le motlotlo ka ho Black Sea Biosphere Reserve ke mefuta e fapaneng ya naha hlahiswa mona. libakeng ena steppe ea saltmarsh le mekoallo lehlabathe, 'me sebaka sa Bay,' me ba o khathollang le letsoai matša, hammoho le alder, Aspen le meru birch.

Area tshebetso pokello libaka tsa hectars 70 509 le pafara - 18 620 hektare. Ho bana, ka 84% - 'me metsi a Yarlitskogo Tendrivskogo likou ho Leoatle le Letšo.

A palo e khōlō ea mefuta ea linonyana tse fallang le mariha hohela ornithologists ngata ena Reserve Biosphere. Ukraine ka matla tsotella polokeho ya tsena rarahaneng ikhetha e le kannete, a bōpa ka tlhaho ka boeona.

Ka nako eo, re tseba hore ka sebakeng sa pokello ea ho na le ho feta 3.500 mefuta ea liphoofolo, ho akarelletsa le mefuta e 124 ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book la Ukraine le 29 - ka European List le Lefubelu. Ukraine hape boloka ba mefuta e fapaneng haholo ea likokoanyana, 'me la Seoa Sea Reserve - ho na le mokhelo. Setšeng hae e fumanoa mefuta e fetang 2.000 sa likokoanyana, 168 tsa tsona li arachnids.

Karolo e phethoang ke mehloli ea bophelo ba monna ea morao-rao

Mong le e mong le batho ba ikhopolang ho mabapi phelang ka sebaka sa eona tsa histori, kamehla re loanele ho e seng feela ho boloka, empa hape ho bonolo ho eketsa lirafshoa le ho e fumantsa maemo a teng naheng ea habo bona bakeng sa meloko e tlang.

Nature mehloli ea Ukraine li ile tsa bōptjoa ho monna ea kajeno ba ne ba sa lebala nakong ea seo a se finyeletseng kaofela saense le theknoloji le ho tsamaea sebaka hore lefatšeng le ho na le ba ntse ba likhutlong tsa mofuta hloekileng, e leng baholo-holo ba rona qapa litšōmo.