Koloi mabotho a Russia

Koloi mabotho a Russia (semmuso khutsufatso AB Russia hlometseng Makhotla a) ke mokhatlo oa Makhotla a ka a hlometseng. Di ne a rerile hore le lipalangoang tsa basebetsi, le lipalangoang tsa lijo, libeso, mahlaahlela le matlotlo a mang lintho tse bonahalang, e leng ho hlokahala hore boitšoaro ba ntoa. Ho phaella moo, koloi sebelisoa ke lebotho bakeng sa sebakeng seo ba lemetseng, kulang, 'me theknoloji. ba boetse ba etsa diyuniti tse ling tse sa na le ho tsamaisa hao.

mabotho a Russia li na le lihlopha koloi, diyuniti, mekgatlo le tsamaiso. Ba ka 'na ba karolo ea diyuniti ho kopantswe liphaka le dibopeho tsa tlhaho, ba mabotho a hlometseng, mabothong a hlometseng kapa ba diyuniti arohaneng le likoloi.

Histori ea mabotho a dilenaneo: ho tsarist Russia

Sehlopha sa pele tseleng Russia moemphera lebotho la hlaha ho 1906. Ba ne ba e le karolo ea masole boenjiniere. E ne e ba ba neng ba le mochine o ea avtobata ea kajeno. Lilemo tse 'nè hamorao, ka May 29, 1910, St. Petersburg, pele ho fana ka koetliso avtorota ileng ba bōptjoa. Kajeno, letsatsi lena e ketekoa e le letsatsi la masole motorized. Likhoeli tse seng kae hamorao koloi bōptjoa ofisi ea Karolo ya Military Communications ea Main Directorate ea General Staff. Pele avtoroty kamehla a hlaha nakong ea selemo ka 1911, moo pele koloi ho tsamaisa peiso teraka ho ile ha hlophisoa, e neng e rerile ho amohela. Selemong se latelang, likoloi lekoa.

Pele Ntoa ea Lefatše

Pele ntoa, ka 1914, lebotho la Russia baloa avtorot tse hlano, ba hlometseng ka 418 e ne e ena thepa le 259 likoloi tsa baeti. Ho sa tsotellehe palo ea tsona e nyenyane, hammoho le ho tsamaisa nyonyehang tseleng le seabo se seholo ka ntoa ena. Ka lebaka la masole a koloi ba ile ba khona ho bontša bohlokoa ho bona. Ba ne ba sebelisoa bakeng sa phumantsho ya thepa ea sesole, maqeba basebetsi, hammoho le ho fallela morathatha le libetsa lintlha. Ka nako e tšoanang, likoloi ba ile ba qala ho apara lihlomo tsa ntoa tsa. Kahoo a hlaha pele likoloi armored. Lebotho la Russia ho ne ho 400 diyuniti, ba ile ba fokotswa ho broneotryadov 50 ba ileng ba atleha ka loana ka battlefields ena. Ke tšimoloho ea October Phetohelo sesoleng, ho ne ho ka bang likete tse leshome diyuniti tsa likoloi, eo e ileng ea 22 avtoroty.

Soviet mehla: Ntoa ea Lehae ea

Motor-koloi ho pharaletseng sebelisoa nakong ea Ntoa ea Lehae ea. Kahoo, ka August 1918 Lekhotla la Commissars Batho ba amohetse qeto e khethehileng, eo ho eona halofo likoloi ileng ha nehelanoa ka ho ba boholong sesoleng. Ho ea qetellong ea selemo sa Red Army e le oa likoloi likete tse 'nè,' me ka 1920 - supileng le halofo tse sekete. Ba bang ba bona e ne e le lihlopha tsa tseleng, ha ba bang ba ne ba isoa masole. Tlatseletsa likepe hlahile dikgele e loketseng. Sepheo se seholo sa letsoho lena o ne a tsamaisa thepa holim'a sebaka se selelele 'me bakeng sa phetiso e potlakileng ea basebetsi. Ho phaella moo, hangata ka likoloi mounted libetsa - lithunya le lithunya mochine. Ho phaella moo, koloi e ile ea sebelisoa e le bohloeki, e le ho le basebetsi ho ea puisano-le-moea.

Red Army: pele ho Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše

Ka mor'a bofelo ba ntoa ka Red Army qala tlhabololwa ga likoloi qhoaetsoe. Pele malapeng koloi, e leng o ile a ea masole - teraka te amo F-15. Ka nako e tšoanang qala ya ho theha battalions ho ithuta dilenaneo (entsoe ka lik'hamphani tse hlano) bakeng sa e mong le e setereke sesole. Ka 1933 a ne a bōpa pele ho phetha molao feela, 'mele, e leng ile ea e-pele mabapi ea lefatše ho ea mobile, tsohle libetsa le thepa e neng e traction phetha molao feela. Ho ea ka boemo ba fetang likoloi tse makholo a mabeli ba 'nile ba a fana ka eona. Le ka 1936, e le karolo ea Red Army se a mane 'mele joalo e se e thehoa.

The Industrial phetohelo

Ka potlako puso mocha Union e neng e tšoaretsoe madirelong, har'a lintho tse ling, tsosolosoa khale 'me a haha lifektheri e ncha koloi. Mora tlhabololwa ga le botekgeniki botlaaseng ba te amo le renaming lona ka Plant. Stalin, se hlahisa tse tharo-ton literaka ZIS-5. Ka nako e tšoanang e ncha Gorky dimela qala ho hlahisoeng polutorok tsomo Gaz-LH. Ka lebaka la masole a koloi a hlomelloa le lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale, ho phaella ho ho ntlafatsa ya taolo ea bona ea tšebeletso. Qalong, ba ne ba o laoloa ho ea ka Sehloohong Military Engineering Management ka 1924 GVIU fetoloa e sesole taolo ya botekgeniki ya phepelo ya Red Army, 'me ka 1929 o ile a bōpa Ofisi ea motorization le mechine ho Commissariat la Sechaba la la Tšireletso. Ka 1935 ho na le kopanngoa ha makala mong Umm Armored Directorate, 'me ka 1939 - ho Main Armored Directorate.

Great rata naha Ntoa

A sethaleng e ncha ntshetsopele ya mabotho a koloi e ile ea e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa. phetoho e potlakileng tikoloho tshebetso, le ntseng le hōla dynamism tsa ntoa ea etsa hore ho hlokahala hore ho fetisetsa e le hang ha ho khoneha e le palo e khōlō ea materiel le basebetsi ba lebotho. Sena sohle se ne ho eketseha ha palo ea mabotho a likoloi le foromo e phethahetseng haholo ea mokhatlo. Ka lebaka leo, ka July 1941, a bōpa Road Administration, e leng tlaase ho ea ka morao ea Red Army. likarohano joalo lia bōptjoa ke mafapha a ka shebaneng tsohle. palo ea likoloi ea Red Army ka nako ena ea e-ba diyuniti 272.600. Ba ne ba e thehiloeng ne likoloi Gaz-61 le Gaz-M1, hammoho le literaka le likoloi e khethehileng e thehiloeng Gaz-LH le Gaz-AAA Gaz-limilimithara, ZIS-6 le ZIS-5. Ka likhoeli pele tsa ntoa mabotho koloi senyehile koluoa ka basebetsi, 'me karolong e ka lintho tse bonahalang. Ba bang ba lahleheloa ke bana ba ne ba koala ke mobilizing thepa ho tswa ho mafapha ea moruo, 'me e sa fella - ka lebaka la ho hlahisa e ncha, empa ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa palogotllhe tlhahiso ea naha ea libakeng indasteri e ne e le tlaase. Ho phaella moo, fumana le detachments hlahile ka lebaka la thepa ea phepelo e tsoang linaheng tse ling. Ho phaella moo, sejana e se e ho pharaletseng sebelisoa dilenaneo-koloi (ka nako ya ho tloha ka 1942 ho 1943 e Red Army hapa bang 123.000 likoloi). All ena e lumelloa ho haholo eketsa menyetla ea hore tshebetso sesole. Hang-hang ka mor'a bofelo ba tshebetso sesole sesoleng, ho ne ho e fetang limilione tse 664 likoloi, e leng liphesente tse 33 e ne e le alima-a ntshe thepa, 'me karolo ea 10 lekholong - sejana. Nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, ba likete tse mashome-ralitima avtobata ne a fuoa likhau puso, 'me ba bangata - e le sehlooho sa Hero oa Soviet Union.

nako ea ka mor'a ntoa

Mora qetellong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše sehlekehlekeng e ile ea e potso ea hlomella lebotho mane mabili literaka, ho akarelletsa le mekhatlo e khethehileng morero. Tabeng ena, ho tloha qetellong ea forties Union indasteri o ile a qala ho hlahisa likoloi sesole, e neng mabili sethaleng 6x6 ZIS-151. Ka 1953, mela e ho hlahisa semela Likhachev ea pele ZIL-157 le ZIL-164, le dimela Gorky qala ho hlahisoeng ha Gaz-53. Nakong sixties ea - seventies ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli, le mosebetsi oa ho hlomella lebotho le mefuta e mecha ea boenjiniere le likoloi. Kahoo, ho etsa tšebeletso ea fihla UAZ-ba 469, Ural 375, khase-66, Zil-131. Ka 1975, Soviet Union ea lebotho la tšebeletso ea koloi e bōpileng, eo ka parlance tloaelehile hore batho ba hoo e ka bang hang-hang o ne a bitsoa "avtobat". Hona selemong seo masole a amohela baemeli ba pele ba Kama Automobile Plant - KAMAZ-5310.

Afghan ntoa

Qalong ea ea sesole lipalangoang kgohlano materiel ho masole a lebotho la mashome a mane entse lesometharo dilenaneo battalion. Ho joalo, fana ka puo ke litšiea tseleng, e neng e akarelletsa literaka flatbed (ho fihlela ho diyuniti mashome a mahlano), le likoloi tse tokiso (diyuniti ho fihlela ho tse leshome). Ho phaella moo, ba comprised le lihatsetsi. mokhatlo oo o etsoang ho tsoa feela lihoreng motšehare. litšiea Lebela etsoa BMP, BTR le ZSU. Nakong ya tshebetso sesole ka thepa Afghanistan avtobatom ile isoa tse ngata, kakaretso ea boima ba 'mele ea tsona e-ba boima ba lithane tse fetang limilione tse leshome. Ka 1987 ho na le kopanngoa ha makala, 'me mabotho a koloi lula tlasa Central Automobile le Road Lefapha la Lekala la Tšireletso (TSADU). Ba na le haholo ka sebopeho se makala. Joale diyuniti sesole ba mefuta e fapaneng ya mabotho a amohetse karolo ea bona ea ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho tsamaisa tsa masole le thepa ea sesole. Mokhoa matla ka ho fetisisa la ho bontša trucking ka tshebetso le mosolotogamaano tekanyo e khethehileng tšepe koloi Brigade, bao e leng ea pele, lebotho la le taelo ea bohareng.

nako e ntjha

Ka 2000, ka taelo ea Letona la Tšireletso la Federation Russia thehilwe Letsatsi la sesole motorist. letsatsi lena la phomolo e keteka masole a avtobatov pholletsa le naha. St. Petersburg, Moscow le mabotho a mang a metse e meholo ea Russia koloi tumeliso nka ka 29 May. Ka lona letsatsi lena, bakgweetsi masole a utloa mantsoe a teboho ho tloha baratuoa ba bona 'me ka taelo ea morena. Ho phaella moo, ka Letsatsi la ho motorist sesole etsa qeto ea ho lebohela balaoli pokello le kileng ba sebeletsa ba sebelelitseng ka Serussia Federation avtobate. Ka 2010, ntoa letsoho la lilemo tse makholo a seng. Ketsahalong e behetsoeng nako pontšo ka Bronnitsy (Moscow sebakeng). Ho hlahisa likoloi, e leng ke hona joale ka tšebeletso le likotoana morao-rao avtobata.

hore na tšebeletso e ke ho le bonolo ho avtobate?

Kajeno, bosoleng tse ngata le tšekamelo ea ho kena tšebeletsong ea, 'me boholo ba bona ka tsela e itseng fumana ho le bonolo ho feta diyuniti tse ling sesole. Leha ho le joalo, ho fana ka Homeland ikentse likolotong avtobate se molemo, 'me ka linako tse ling haholo rarahane ho feta masole a mang. ho fetoha khafetsa tsamaea convoys sesole ka tšehetsa, se seng le se seng, ho phaella moo, ba lokela ho nka hloko hore tataiso e ka sehloohong ea mabothong a hlometseng, ho eo o khomaretse, sena karolo koloi. Ka mohlala, e le karolo ea masole a avtobat boenjiniere le nka karolo ka ho crossings sa feleng pontoon, 'me ena ke mosebetsi o thata haholo.

Koetliso oa balaoli bakeng sa masole a likoloi atlehe dikolong le boenjiniere sesole le tse phahameng tsa thuto, ka lebaka la sekolo khethehileng tsa masole koloi ba mpa ba sa ba teng. Ho phaella moo, ka likhoeli tse tseletseng ntlhobolisa diyunivesithi Russia na mafapha sesole, khetheha, sebakeng sena.

Russia mabotho a tšoantšetsa likoloi le thepa tse ding

Mofuta o mong oa ea mofuta ona e masole - hlakanywa libetsa. Decals ke chevrons le ditab logo logo logo logo 'me mabotho a motorized. Photo fanoeng sehloohong sena e bontša tšobotsi ena. Flag ba mabotho dilenaneo ke batho ba batsho banner banner banner ngotsoe ka tsheforone-logo logo logo logo Framed ke theipi St. George, 'me lepetjo: "mabotho Automotive ke kamehla le loketse ho lahlela."