Kalmykia: leng motse-moholo, palo ea baahi, setso

A bua haholo ka sehlooho sena se tla ba Republic of Kalmykia. Motse-moholo oa sebaka sena, Elista, ke e fapaneng haholo le metse e meng ea Russia. Ke habohlokoa ho ho etela bonyane e le hore ho tloaela ho lefatše e hlollang ea bohlale Buddhist. Kalmykia leha ho le joalo a ke ke a nkoa e le e tla ba paradeise ea bohahlauli, empa sebaka ke ntjhafatswang nako le nako, e ncha hoteleng. Naheng ena ea nomads ea boholo-holo ka phela ka tente ena, ho bona mehlape ea lipere tse hlaha, palama kamele. Ho fumana boitsebiso bo mabapi le kamoo ho fumana ho rephabliki ea Kalmykia, moo ho fumana hore talimela le tatso, hammoho le seo ho tlisa le bona ka hlooho, bona sehlooho sena. Re boetse re totobatsa histori rarahaneng tsa steppe batho le tsela ea eona oa kajeno oa bophelo.

sebaka

Rephabliking ea Kalmykia e teng karolong e Europe la Federation le Serussia. Ka boroa ho meeli le Stavropol Territory. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba baahi ba matsoalloa a moo ba rephabliki Buddhist. Sena se thahasellisang le Kalmykia. O ha ho hlokahale hore fofa ho Thailand le Mongolia ho bona pagodas, stupas le liemahale thapelo ea Buddha lutse ka ho thuisa. Ena eohle e ke ho Elista. Kalmykia e teng e ka boroa ea Federation ea Russia, ho na le tekanyo e le hoo e kholo. sebakeng sa hae sa mashome a supileng a metso e tšeletseng likete tse km lisekoere fetang ka Belgium, Switzerland, le Netherlands kapa Denmark. Ho otlolla ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa ho km tse makholo a mane a mashome a mahlano e robeli, 'me ho tloha ka bochabela ho ea ka bophirimela - 423 Km. E ka boroa ea meeli le rephabliki ba tlhaho ba linōka Kuma le Manych. E ka boroa-bochabela e hlatsoa ke Leoatle la Caspian. Ho tloha sebakeng seo ka leboea-ka bochabela ho Kalmykia atamela Volga. Le karolong e ka leboea-bophirimela ea meeli lona Ergeninskaya leralleng.

boemo ba leholimo

Republic of Kalmykia , ka lebaka la sebaka seo lona kgolo sebakeng libaka tse tharo tsa tlhaho - lehoatata, seka-mahoatateng le masabasabeng. Ea liphallelo mona ke haholo-holo a bataletseng, empa hobane ho na le khafetsa matla meea e, ka linako tse ling e hōle ka meea e omme. Boemo ba leholimo ke kontinenteng ka har'a naha. hlabula mocheso ho ka fihla likhatong tse 42. Mariha ke lehloa, empa le a batang ikutloa ke tlalellane. kontinenteng tlelaemete ka tsela e hlollang eketsa ho tloha bophirimela ho ka bochabela. Empa ka boroa ka karolelano January mocheso ke feela ho tloswa likhato robeli Celsius. Ea mariha batang libakeng ka leboea-bochabela. Ho na le serame ka fihla -35 likhato Celsius le tlase. Empa naha ka ithorisa e le palo e kholo ea matsatsi a hlakile. Letsatsi mona khanyetsa ka 184 matsatsi a selemo. A amanang le e tšoarellang halelele mofuthu nako - matsatsi a 250-270. 'Me le hoja karolelano July mocheso ke +24,5 feela ° C, khafetsa maxims. Ntle ho feteletsa taba, re ka bolela hore taba ea Federation ea Russia ka liqabang tsa sebakeng Volgograd e le sehlooho sa sebakeng chesang.

moruo

Ka naha ea rephabliki le ho na le mobung amana le la Caspian oli le khase profinseng ea pokello ea. Hona joale sebetsa Ermolinskaya le Burulsky hantle. le menyetla e mengata ea tsoelo-pele ea mehlodi ya eneji, le moea sebakeng ba leng kateng. muso Kalmykia o nka mehato ea pele ka tsela ea ho etsa bonnete ba hore motsamao oa matšoele moea ha baka tšenyo ho temo, 'me ba rua molemo. Ka ho khetheha, e hona joale e ntse e hahoa Kalmyk moea ka matla. Bothata e khōlō bakeng sa temo ke khaello ea metsi a hloekileng. The pula e tlaase - tse ka bang peli kapa tse makholo a mararo millimeters ka selemo. Ka hona, ka temo bohlokoa pokello. Kholo ka ho fetisisa ba bona ba - Chograyskoe teng ka moeli oa Stavropol Territory.

Linōka le matša a ba Kalmykia

Mabōpong lehlabathe la Leoatle la Caspian, tletse likou tse nyenyane, ke 'nang ea tonanahali bakeng sa ntshetsopele bohahlauli Rephabliking ea Kalmykia. Oho, ha e sa sebelisoe. Volga lifapano tšimong ea rephabliki feela saeteng dvenadtsatikilometrovom. Tse ling metsi a hloekileng methapo ke Kuma (e arola Kalmykia tloha Dagestan), Bochabela le Bophirimela Manych, Egorlyk. Boholo ba linōka tsa Kalmykia tse nyenyane, omella ea lehlabula, 'me ka linako tse ling ho beha metsi a babang-letsoai. Ka hona, le naha e ka sehloohong naheng eo ke masabasabeng omeletseng le seka-mahoatateng. Leha ho le joalo, ho ke ke ha khoneha a se ke a bolele ka letšeng, e leng e tsebahalang ka ho Kalmykia. Photo Yashaltinskogo Big Lake, u mohlomong se a ntse a bone. Moriana thepa ya metsi a eona e feta ntle le Leoatle le Shoeleng. Ho fihlela joale, le 'ngoe feela setsi sa kalafo eme lebōpong lona. Ho ile ha hahoa sa tsoa le ke ho ka etsahala haufinyane ho hahoa mona, le mekhatlo e meng e tšoanang. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, ka ho fihlela joale e lebōpong le ka mose hlaha ea letšeng e ngata batho ba tla lokela ho tšoara mafu a - ho hema ho ho ikatisa.

Re ke ke ra iphapanyetsa koahetsoeng ka litšōmo letšeng Manych-Gudilo. lebitso la lona e fumaneng ka lebaka la moea, e hatisoa holim'a boreleli hlomolang utloahala li tšosa. Nesting sebaka sa waterfowl ke Ketso-Hulsun. matša a tse ling tsa bohlokoa - Sostinskie le Sarpa, Small Yashaltinskoe.

Flora le liphoofolo tsa Kalmykia

Kalmykia, eo lifoto hangata masabasabeng sa feleng le seka-mahoatateng, ke taba ea ho treeless ho pholletsa Federation le Serussia. limela emela mona masiba, tšimo tumbleweed, mefuta e meng e ba ikamahanya le maemo ho tlelaemete omeletseng le mobu letsoai. Ka matša sehlaha ka mefuta lekholo le mashome a mararo tsa linonyana. Ho bana, mashome a mabeli-tse tharo tse ka Red Book ea Russia. Empa e tummeng Kalmykia, ke 'nete ea hore ka sebaka sa eona le baahi ke feela baahi saiga European. Le hore a sireletse mefuta ena le kotsing ho tloha ho fela, ka 1990, ho ile ha thehoa ke Reserve "Black Naheng e Omileng". Ho otlolla pakeng Kuma le Volga ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa hectars lekholo mashome a mabeli tse sekete. Ho boetse ho na le eo re ba se a ntse a bua ka letšeng Manych-Gudilo le lihlekehlekeng leshome le metso. Bahahlauli ba tlile mona ho tla batla likhantsi nesting, bustards, pelican Dalmatian le lebetse ka mathang mehlape ea lipere tse hlaha. Le utloahalang la ho ho Manych-Gudilo ka maemo a phefo tota. Ebe tsamaea ho pota le maqhubu letšeng seqhenqha (limithara tse ho fihlela ho 12 phahameng!). Moea howls ka ho bonahala, meea bobe bohle ho tloha Kalmyk litšōmo khobokane mona ho Sabatha. Leha ho le joalo, lebōpong la letša ho fihlela ha ho na libaka tsa bahahlauli. Accommodation ke khoneha feela ka poraevete motse Yashalta kapa moeti ntlo pokello.

Baahi ba Kalmykia

Ho latela Rosstat ya data ho 2015, batho ba makholo a mabeli le mashome a robeli a metso e mehlano le makholo a phela ka hare ho naha. Ka palo ea sechaba 2010, palo ena e ne e le 289 481. fokotseha ena baahi ke ka lebaka la ho falla ka hare. Empa outflow ena e fokotseha lilemong tsa morao tjena. Kalmykia butle-butle a kgaotsa ho ba tepeletseng maikutlo sebakeng. E nahane ka sebakeng seo e khōlō naheng ea rephabliki ea ka ahloloa hore segokanyipalo ea baahi e nyenyane: ka batho ba bane ka kilometer dari lisekoere. Baahi ba bōpang liphesente tse mashome a mane a metso e mehlano tsa baahi bohle ba profinseng eo. 'Me haeba u sa hopola hore ka Republic of Kalmykia motse-moholo e na le baahi ba ka batho ba 103.730, ho fellang kateng le hore baahi segokanyipalo ke esita le tse nyenyane. Ho phaella ho Elista, ho na le metse e 'meli ho feta - Lagan le Gorodovikovsk. Ho ea ka 2010 palo ea sechaba, ea ho hlophisoa merabe ea rephabliki ena ke hore batho ba bangata (57%) - Kalmyks, 33% - Russia, e mong 10% - lichaba tse ling.

ba boholong

Khural batho ba Republic o inkela melao le melawana. Palamenteng ena e kenyeletsa matona mashome a mabeli e supileng. Hural ke matla a molao. Semmuso phahameng ka ho fetisisa - Hlooho ea Republic. O etella lekala phethahatso le e bopa ya Mmuso ea Kalmykia. Ka lilemo tse leshome le metso e supileng, o ne a le hlooho ea Republic Kirsan Nikolaevich Ilyumzhinov. Monna enoa a se entseng ho hoholo ho mefuta Kalmykia, Elista motse-moholo le metse e meng 'me metseng e fumaneng European. Ka 2010 ka poso ena, ke Mopresidente oa Federation Russia V. V. Putina, nkeloa sebaka Aleksey Maratovich Orlov.

History of tikolohong eo

Ha ho bonolo le ho ka linako tse ling tse bohloko. Tsena re solla ho masabasabeng a lichaba tse sa tšoaneng. Cimmerians, Sarmatians le Baskitha le Khazars, Huns, Cumans le Pechenegs atleha ho e mong le e tse ling tse, a siea litutulu le mesaletsa ea metsana ea boholo-holo. Sena se hlalosa lebaka leo ba bangata hakaale-tsehelitseng setso sa Kalmykia. Lilemong tsa bo-XIII, linaha tsena e ne e le karolo ea Golden Horde. Ka Kalmykia, ba ileng ba pholoha liemahale tse fetang makholo a mabeli tsa setso le histori. Bahlano ba bona ba sirelelitsoe ke Federation le Serussia. batho Kalmyk, hammoho le ea Crimean Tatars, e ne e le lehlatsipa la ho lelekoa. Stalin o ile a laela batho ba lelekoa metseng ea habo bona. Likete-kete ba bona ba se ba khutlela hae. maqephe ena e bohloko ka ho fetisisa historing ea Kalmyk batho ba inehetseng ho khopotso "Exoda le Kgutlisa", e entsoeng ka Ernest sa tsejoeng. sefika e sebakeng Elista.

setso morao-rao e inextricably amana le bolumeli ba 'muso o hlaheletseng ka Republic. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, ho Kalmyks - e le eena feela ka Europe, batho ba Mabuddha. Hohle moo u ka kopana le khurul - tloaelehileng Lama mehahong. Bakeng sa nako e telele, ho Kalmyks ne ba sa lumelloa ho kena bolumeling ba bona. Ho ne ho se ho haha tempele ba sebetsa ka mafolofolo le ba khale ba ile ba timetsoa. Setseng khale - khurul motse Tsagan-Aman, ratana ho tloha qalong ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli.

ho na le

Ho nka ho fetisisa ea baeti ea Republic of Kalmykia motse-moholo Elista. Motse oo o na le boema-fofane 'ngoe. Ho nka baratos kamehla ho tloha Moscow, Stavropol, Rostov-on-Don le Mineralnye Vody. Ba tsamaea ka bese ho tswa ho motse-moholo oa Russia, le hoja lifofane e tla ba theko e tlaase (1,800 li-ruble), empa ho nka ho feta ka letsatsi. Ho fumana ho Elista ka terene, o lokela ho qala ka ho fumana ho Stavropol. Ho na le e lokela ho ba phetiso ho isa karolong e meng ho fallela hammoho ea lekala ho ea seteisheneng sa "Babatsehang." From Stavropol ke Elista, o qeta lihora tse robeli tsela e itseng, haeba u khetha lipalangoang fatše. Bese tšebeletso hape amahanya motse-moholo oa Kalmykia le Volgograd le Astrakhan.

Elista

motse ona o bitsoa motse-moholo oa Mobuddha. Ho e thehiloe a lilemong tsa bo-ea leshome le metso e robong morao. Motse-moholo oa Kalmykia, Elista - e leng toropo e nyenyane. Ke lehae la batho ba likete tse lekholo. Ka lebaka leo, ho mo rata, u ka itšetleha ka maoto a bona. Leha ho le joalo motse lula scurrying bese, 'me jams sephethephethe motseng oo. Elista tatso fascinates bahahlauli. Haholo-holo hlollang ke ea ka bongata ba stupas thapelo le Buddhist litempele. E kgothaletswa ho etela Golden bolulo tsa Sakyamuni. Europe kholo ka ho fetisisa Buddhist tempele. Ho na le maemo a supileng. seemahale hae adorns Ea leshome le metso e-tsebo, koahetsoeng ka lekhasi khauta encrusted le litaemane tsa sebele. Temple liemahale o halalelang kenyelletsa ditokiseletso: ka mohlala, liaparo Dalai XIV ka. The pagoda Supileng Matsatsi hlomamisa tšeletseng maoto a etse thapelo moqomo oa Tantric Monastery India. Ho tšoauoa ka litlhaku tsa khauta ka lipuo tse ngata lanna.

Seo ho leka le seo ho reka

Ka lireschorente le caffe Elista litheko le kahlolo e molemo. The lijong karolelano litšenyehelo tse tharo kapa tse makholo a mane li-ruble. Ba bonnete ba hore latsoa ravioli "borigi" halikiloeng ka mahobe a sa oli "bortsoki" sopho e entsoeng ka giblets, ovine le tee "Djombo".

Mohopolong oa Republic of Kalmykia motse-moholo e fana ka tse ngata tse souvenirs. Sena se haholo-holo liaparo entsoe ka boea ba kamele 'me a ikutloa lihlahisoa - ho etsa mohlala, lebokose-yurt. O hloka ho ea sebakeng se itseng - Elista City Chess. Tsohle mona e nehetsoeng chese. Le seterata se seholo sa ho mini-toropong - mokhoa bitsoang Ostap Bender, ke sefika ho rerelang haholo. City Chess haha Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, hlooho ea pele ea Kalmykia le concurrently Mopresidente wa International Chess Association.