Ka ntle feela lisele tsa mmele lijana. Lymphatics motho. Mafu a ya lijana lymphatic

Haeba ho na le tsamaiso ea 'meleng, ka hona, ke hore seo se tletseng ho. Boleng ba diteng itšetlehile ka mesebetsi ea makala a ea mohaho. Boemo bona bo ka ngotsoe ho feletseng bakeng sa mosebetsi oa ba litsamaiso tsa botho ho potoloha ha mali 'me lymphatic. dikahare Healthy mehaho tsena ke le palokatiso bohlokwa bakeng sa tshebetso e tsitsitseng ea phelang eohle. Ho ekelletsa moo sekaseka ka ho qaqileng, se boleloang ke mali le lisele tsa mmele lijana. A re ke re qala ka ea bobeli.

Overview

Batho lijana lymphatic emeloang ke mehaho e fapaneng ho phetha mesebetsi e itseng. Kahoo, ho lokolloa:

• Methapong.
• likutu kgolo (thoracic le metjha e nepahetseng).
• Extra- le intraorgannye lijana.

Hape, sebōpeho sa mesifa 'me ke amyous mofuta. Sekhahla phallo le ho hatelloa ke (maemo hemodynamic) ke le haufi le tseo tse hlaha mocheng le venous. Ha re bua ka hore na sebōpeho sa lijana lymphatic, e lokela ho hlokomela hantle tse tsoetseng pele tsa ka ntle shell a. Ka lebaka la sekoahelo ka hare flaps ba thehoa.

capillary

Ena sejana lymphatic fapane ka ho lekaneng permeable leboteng. Methapong ea nang le bokhoni ea anyang slurry le colloidal tharollo. The metjha e theha marangrang, a tšoantšetsang qalong ea tsamaiso lymphatic. Kopana ho theha e kholoanyane capillary le kanaleng. E mong le e thehoa lymphatic sejana fetisa ho methapong ea subclavian ka tsela ea molaleng le sternum.

Kolukaluka na le metjha e ya dikahare

Movement lisele tsa mmele ka lijaneng lymphatic etsoa ke difapho cervical betheng venous. Ho ea ka tsoelang thoracic le hlaha ka hoo e batlang e tsohle (ntle le hlooho) ea 'mele. Bobeli phallo akarelletsa mothapo subclavian. Ka mantsoe a mang, e mokelikeli tsohle amohetsweng ke dinama tse nyenyane tse e khutlela morao mali. Tabeng ena, ho isa tekanyong ea hore ho etsahala e le lisele tsa mmele ka lijaneng lymphatic mokhatlo oa, jara drainage. Ha ditlolo etsahala outflow ea boemo ba pathological. E bitsoa limfostazom. The bath ho fetisisa ea lipontšo tsa hae li akarelletsa ho ruruha ka lipheletsong ena.

mesebetsi oona tsamaisong

Lijana lymphatic le nodes ka holim'a tsohle netefatsa ho boloka ya tiisetso ya tikoloho ka hare. Ho phaella moo, tsamaiso ea etsa mesebetsi e latelang:

• Tsamaisa tloha limatlafatsi mala ka mothapo.
• E fana ka kamano pakeng tsa mali, litho tsa 'mele le lisele.
• Kopanelang papaling ea ho ka dithulaganyo immunological.
• Ho etsa bonnete ba ka ho khutla ha electrolyte, metsi, protheine ka mali ho tloha sebaka sa intercellular.
• Ho neutralizes le komponeng e kotsi.

Ha ba ntse ba lijana lymphatic ke nodes. Ba beha mokelikeli. Lisele tsa mmele nodes fana ka thero mokelikeli 'me ho sireletsa mokoallo-filtara (ho hlahisa macrophages). The molao oa tsamaiso ea outflow ea nkang tsamaiso ea methapo le kutloelo-bohloko.

mehaho e sebelisana

Sebakeng planar haufi le mali, lisele tsa mmele methapong qala ka bofofu. Ke karolo ea sebopeho sa microvasculature. Sena se bakoa ke haufi mabapi tshebetso le anatomical pakeng tsa mali le lijana lymphatic. From gemokapillyarov kenye lintho tse hlokahalang ka ntho ea mantlha. Tsa sona, le eena, a ka limfokapillyary phunyeletse dintho tse sa tšoaneng. Sena, ka ho khetheha, lihlahisoa tsa dithulaganyo tshilong ya dijo, ho putlama ha metsoako ka semelo sa mafu a pathological, lisele tse kankere. Ntlafatsa le ho hloekisoa lisele tsa mmele kena maling. Kahoo lokisa tikoloho ka hare ka phelang le intercellular (mantlha) ntho.

ho se tšoane dibopeho

Nyenyane mali le lymphatic lijana na diameters fapaneng (e qetellang ke kholoanyane). Endothelial lisele tsa pele tse fetang ea bobeli, ka makhetlo a 3-4. Limfakapillyary se na lera basal le pericytes, ho ipolaea ka bofofu. dibopeho tsena theha marangrang le oela tebang ekstraorgannye intraorgannye le kanaleng.

postcapillaries

Intraorganic efferent le kanaleng - e amyous (fibrous) sebopeho. E mong le e sejana lymphatic na le bophara ba tse ka bang 40 microns. lisele tse Endothelial ka metjha e le leshano ka lera le bonolo. Tlas'a eona rekere le collagen likhoele, eo feta ka shell a le ka ntle. libethe Postcapillary phetha drainage mosebetsi.

Ekstraorgannye bethe

lijana tsena fapana caliber kholoanyane ho feta ba tse fetileng 'me ba nkoa e le ka ntle feela. Ba ho matleng a dibopeho tsa mofuta mesifa. Ha ntle feela lymphatic sejana (Latin - vasa lymphatica superficialia) sebakeng libaka le e ka holimo ea kutu, molala, sefahleho, le myocyte ho eona ke ka ho lekaneng tse nyenyane. Ha lebaleng la ho matha matha hammoho le tlase ea 'mele' me maoto a, likarolo mesifa haholoanyane.

Sebōpeho sa seaplane-caliber

Sena mesifa-mofuta le kanaleng. Sebōpeho sa lijana lymphatic tsa sehlopha sena e na le ba bang ba peculiarities. Ka mabota 'ohle a bona shell a mararo ka ho lekaneng hantle hlalosoa: le ka ntle, bohareng le ka hare. Ea bobeli e emeloang endothelium rapaletseng subendothelial bonolo lera (it na multidirectional rekere le collagen likhoele) le rekere likhoele plexuses.

Di-valve le likhetla

likarolo tsena buisana haufi-ufi haholo. Di-valve tse thehoa ka khetla ka hare. E le motheo e sebeletsa fibrous poleiti. ho na le likarolo tsa mesifa boreleli ka pelong ea hae. The poleiti e akaretsa endothelium. Karolelano ea khetla ducts thehoa dingata lisele tse boreleli mesifa. Di laela obliquely le circularly. Hape emeloang dikarolo selateng sa connective (hlephileng) dinama tse nyenyane tse. sebopeho sa ka ntle Ho thehoa ke likhoele tšoanang. likarolo tsa lona kena dinama tse nyenyane tse e potolohileng.

kanale Van Hoorne e

Ena sejana lymphatic na le leboteng sebopeho e tšoanang le sebōpeho sa e ka tlaase vena cava. Khetla ea kelello feela endothelium le subendothelium akira theo gun hare likhoele rekere. Pele le hlaha ka hill lera bonolo basal. Subendothelium na le lisele tse undifferentiated, rekere le collagen likhoele, tse sekametseng ka litaelo tse sa tšoaneng, hammoho le likarolo boreleli mesifa. Inner khetla ka difapho thoracic 9 Ho thehoa di-valve, ho tlatsetsa ho ntshetsopele ya methapong lisele tsa mmele molaleng. Tunica bontša mesifa likarolo boreleli. Ba chitja le oblique tataiso. Hape le teng ka khetla multidirectional likhoele rekere le collagen. Sebopeho sa ka ntle boemong diaphragmatic ka makhetlo a mane motenya ho feta ka hare le bohareng ho kopantswe. Khetla emeloang hlephileng connective dinama tse nyenyane tse 'me mesifa e boreleli mangata, o ile a lokisetsa longitudinally. Ka ntle feela lisele tsa mmele sejana kena ka mothapo jugular. Haufi le molomo oa leboteng difapho ke thinner ho feta ka diaphragmatic boemong ba 2 linako tse ling.

likarolo tse ling

Pakeng tsa-valve tse peli e ratang ka ho haufi lisele tsa mmele sejana, joale karolo e itseng e khethehileng. E bitsoa lymphangions. E emeloang ke cuff mesifa, e phunyang sinus leboteng le kamano le kabelo e le hantle belofo. Tokelo thoracic difapho le tse hlahisoang e le likutu tse khōlō. likarolo tsena tsa tsamaiso myocytes lymphatic (lisele tse mesifa) li le teng ka lera la tsohle (a mararo).

mabota matla difapho

Shell e ka ntle ea mali le lijana lymphatic na metjha e lijana. Tsena makala nyenyane ea bohlokoa diverge barbotage: bohareng le tsa ka ntle ka methapo le methapong ka tsohle tse tharo. From mothapo mabota converge mali capillary ka methapong le venules. Ba leng teng haufi le methapo ea. Ho tswa ho methapong ea kelello khetla susumeletsa venous mali ho lumen venous. Matla a ka sehloohong lisele tsa mmele ducts na le singularity. Ho itšetlehile ka 'nete ea hore makala a ea bohlokoa ha ba tsamaea le venous extending ka thoko. The venules le arterioles lijana vascular ha ba lemoha.

Ho ruruha ha methapo ea lymphatic

bolwetse ena e nkoa e se mahareng. Ke complication ea dithulaganyo hlabang tsa letlalo (furuncles, carbuncles, purulent maqeba leha e le efe) le mofuta itseng oa tsoaetsanang (lefuba, mokaola, joalo-joalo). nakong tshebetso e ka ba a hlobaetsang le, kapa le sa foleng. Hape secrete itseng le batho bao e seng e itseng ho ruruha ya lijana lymphatic. Lefu lena le e tšoauoa ka malaise, bofokoli. Bakuli feberu. A tsobotsi bath ya bolwetse e bohloko ka nodes lisele tsa mmele. lefu Causative e ka ba mofuta ofe kapa ofe pyogenic libaktheria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus). Fumanoa lefu ntle le bothata ba ho e ngata. mehato phekola ba khethoa ho latela ho ba sethaleng sa lefu. The sulfonamides le lithibela-mafu li sebelisoa e le mokhoa mekhoa e tloaetsoeng. Maemong a tsoetseng pele, ka ntle feela lisele tsa mmele sejana se e minyelelitse ka lesoba la abscess e.

hlahala

Hodgkin e lefu - lymphoma - e ama batho ba baholo haholo mocha (dilemo 15-10). Matšoao ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea lefu lena le ke le sieo, 'me ho ruruha lisele tsa mmele nodes ba mokuli ha a halefile. E le lefu lena le tsoela pele ho na le metastasis. Hlahala ata ho nodes tse ling lisele tsa mmele le litho tsa ka hare, har'a oona ea pele hangata mahlomola spleen. Ka mor'a moo, ba ile ba qala ho bontša matšoao a lefu. Ka ho khetheha, ho ba le mamello develops feberu, bofokoli, ho fufuleloa, letlalo ho hlohlona, fokotswa boima. Fumanoa lefu ka ho ithuta leukocyte le boitsebiso bo biopsy.

lymphadenopathy

Ho khetholla se bolwetse sena ho e meng feela ho. Maemong a mang, leha ho le joalo, ho ka ba ho le thata ho eketsehileng lisele tse cervical. Lymphadenopathy arotsoe ka arabelang le hlahala - bao e seng a hlabang le a hlabang. Recent classified ka mafu a tšoaetsanoang le ho bao e seng a tšoaetsanoang ba lijana lymphatic. Ba tsamaea le diffuse connective dinama tse nyenyane tse lefu, kulisoa, ramatiki. Arabelang eketseha ata lisele tsa mmele noute seleng e le bontša hore ke e le karabelo ya boitshireletso ba mmele ka lebaka la ho e autoimmune, alejiki, a tšoaetsanoang kapa chefo tlhaselo ruruha. Khahlanong le semelo sa hlahala ho eketsa thepa ea motheo mehaho e etsa hore khukhuneloa lisele tse bolaeang hore a oa a makala a mang (bakeng sa kankere ea mali kapa kankere metastasis) kapa hlahang tsamaisong ea ka semelo sa lymphomas bolaeang le lymphosarcoma. Bolwetse ho ka ba generalized le e fokolang. Ea bobeli, ha ho le jwalo, ka susumetsa ka pele. Qalong o ile a bua ka hore ke Hodgkin fokolang lymphadenopathy 'me joale, ka mor'a nakoana, ho e ba generalized. Sehlopha arabelang ho akarelletsa ho e mengata e fapaneng ka toka sephara ea pathologies ke tekotshupo.

sarcoma difapho

Ena ke e 'ngoe ea mofuta bolaeang tsa hlahala eo. Lymphosarcoma ka hlaha ka ho feletseng ha a le lilemo le teng. Hangata, ho qala ka e atolositsoeng nodes lisele tsa mmele ka lehlakoreng le leng. Hlahala thulaganyou e e tšoauoa ka sekhahla ka ho lekaneng tse phahameng tsa letotong, le metastasis ho khetheha a sebetsang a malignancy. boemo ba mokuli ka haholo senyeha ka nako e khutšoanyane. Bakuli ba feberu, ka potlako decreases boima ba 'mele, bosiu fufuleloa eketseha. Tepelletse maikutlong ke histological le cytological lithuto tsa e amehang, lisele tsa mmele noute.