Ho qaptjoa ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo

19-20 lekholong la lilemo la ho qaptjoa tse ngata. Bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa a ka bitsoa photo, daenamaete, aniline lidae tsa masela. Ho phaella moo, li ne li sibolloa mekhoa theko e tlaase oa ho etsa pampiri, joala, a qapa meriana e ncha.

tse qapiloeng theknoloji ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo e ne e le ea bohlokoa haholo ka tsoelo-pele ea sechaba. Ho joalo, ka thuso ea telegraph tape batho ka romela melaetsa ka metsotsoana ho tloha pheletsong e 'ngoe ea lefatše ho e' ngoe. O ile a qapa le telegraph tape ka 1850. Nakoana ka mor'a, re qala ho bonahala telegraph tape mela. Graham Bell a qapa mohala. Kajeno batho ba ke ke ra nahana bophelo ntle ho sibolloa ena.

Ho qaptjoa mechine ea lekholong la bo19 la lilemo tsohle lefatšeng ka bophara ba tlisoa ho pontšo e ka 1851 Engelane. Ho e-ba teng e ka bang ka leshome le metso e supileng tse sekete lipontsuoa. Ka lilemo tse latelang, linaheng tse ling, ho latela mohlala oa Great Britain, ka boela ka qala ho hlophisa lipontšo machaba tsa tsoelo-pele e morao-rao.

Ho qaptjoa ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo e ile ea e kholo e matla ea hore tsoelo-pele ea k'hemistri, ea fisiks, ea lipalo. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea nako ena ke tšebeliso atile ea motlakase. Bo-rasaense ba ntse ba ithuta ka nako e sa maqhubu a motlakase le tshusumetso bona linthong tse fapaneng. Re ile ra qala ho sebelisa motlakase le moriana.

Michael Faraday ile bone lipono tse makatsang tsa induction motlakase, khopolo motlakase oa leseli li entsoe ke James C. Maxwell. Genrih Gerts bontšitse hore maqhubu a motlakase teng.

Ho qaptjoa mechine ea lekholong la bo19 la lilemo masimong a meriana le baeloji ne ho se na ka tlaase ho moo bohlokoa ho feta masimong a mang saense. Great monehelo ho ntshetsopele ya liindasteri tsena na: Robert Koch sibolla moemeli causative ea lefuba, Louis Pasteur, ea ileng a fetoha e mong oa bathehi ba maekoroboiloji le ea matla a, Klod Bernar, ea ileng a rala metheo ea endocrinology. Lekholong la tšoanang e ile a fumana ea pele X-ray setšoantšo. French lingaka Brissot le Lond bona ka kulo ka hlooho ea mokuli.

Ho qaptjoa ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo ba ne ba le naheng ea botsebi ba linaleli. saense e ena o ile a qala ho ntshetsa pele ka potlako mehleng ena. Ho joalo, ho na le e ne e le karolo ea thuto ea linaleli - ka linaleli, e se e ho ithuta thepa ea lihloliloeng tsa leholimo.

Great monehelo ho ntshetsopele ya k'hemistri hlahiswa Dmitri Mendeleev, a sibolla molao nako le nako, tlas'a e leng la tafole ea likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale e se e bōpileng. Tafole o ile a bona torong. Ba bang ba thepa ea motheo ea bolela esale pele li ne li sibolla hamorao.

Mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo e ile tšoauoa ka tsoelo-pele ea boenjiniere le le indasteri. Ka ka 1804 koloi e ile bontšoa hore enjene ea mashala. Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo le ka hare combustion e enjene e se e thehiloe. Sena se entse hore tsoelo-pele ea ho bolela ka lebelo la lipalangoang: likepe, locomotives le likoloi.

Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo ba ile ba qala ho haha railroads. Pele e ile ea hahoa ka 1825 ke Stephenson Engelane. By 1840, bolelele ba liporo ne a le mothating 7700 km le, ho ea qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo e ne e le ba ka bang limilione 1,08 km SE.

Ho lumeloa hore batho ba ile ba qala ho sebelisa lik'homphieutha lekholong la bo20 la lilemo. Leha ho le joalo, ho prototypes pele ho tsona se ba 'nile ba a qapa ka tse lekholo tse fetileng. Mofora Jacquard ka ka 1804 o ile a bula tsela ea ho lenaneo le foreimi e etsang masela. Ho qaptjoa dumella taolo thread sebelisa likarete litebele, e nang le masoba libakeng itseng. Le openings tsena reretsoe ho sebelisa khoele ka lesela.

Qapa lekholong la bo18 la lilemo ka mor'a nako, lathes, lekholong la bo19 la lilemo ba 'nile ba ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ho indasteri e. Thepa ka katleho nka sebaka sa mosebetsi o boima pukwanana, lokisa tšepe le sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng phahameng.

Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo nepo o bitsoa lekholo la lilemo la ba "phetohelo indasteri", literene le motlakase. lekholong lena la lilemo e bile le tšusumetso e khōlō ka lefatše le setso sa moloko oa batho, ho fetola lona tsamaiso ea melao ea boitšoaro. Ho qaptjoa mechine ea mabone a motlakase, seea-le-, mohala, dilenaneo le tse sibolotsoeng tse ling tse ngata retelelitse bophelo ba motho ka nako eo.