Ho pheta-pheta ha DNA ke mehato e ka sehloohong

Ho pheta-pheta ha DNA ke mokhoa oa deoxyribonucleic acid biosynthesis. Lintho tse hlahisang likokoana-hloko tsa DNA ke adenosine, guanosine-cytidine le thymidine triphosphoric acid kapa ATP, GTP, CTF le TTF.

Mechine ea DNA e pheta-pheta

Phetoho ea likokoana-hloko e etsoa ka ho ba teng ho thoeng "peo" - e leng palo e le 'ngoe ea mochine o fetohileng oa deoxyribonucleic acid le sebopeho. DNA polymerase e sebetsa e le ntho ea bohlokoa. Enzyme ena e kenya letsoho ho kopaneng ha litlhaka tsa nucleotide. Lihlahisoa tse fetang sekete tsa nucleotide li kopane motsotso o le mong. Lihlahisoa tsa nucleotide molek'hule ea deoxyribonucleic acid fragment li kopantsoe hammoho ke li-3 ', 5'-phosphodiester tlamahano. DNA polymerase e kenyelletsa selekane sa lihlahisoa tsa mononucleotide ho qetellong ea 3-hydroxyl ea deoxyribonucleic acid e fetotsoeng. Ntlha ea pele, likaroloana tse nyenyane tsa molek'hule ea DNA li kopanngoa. Ba itsoakisetsa DNA ligase mme ba etsa likarolo tse telele tsa deoxyribonucleic acid. Lihlopha tsena ka bobeli li sebakeng sa lisele tsa lisele. Dioxyribonucleic acid e fetotsoeng e sebelisoa e le ntlha ea ho hōla ha molek'hule ea DNA ea nakong e tlang 'me e boetse e le sekhetho seo ho sona ho thehoang ketane e sa tšoaneng ea deoxyribonucleic acid, e tšoanang le DNA e fetotsoeng sebopeho le sekhetho sa litlhaka tsa nucleotide. Ho pheta-pheta ha DNA ho etsahala nakong ea ho arohana ha sekala sa mitotiki . Deoxyribonucleic acid e kenngoa ka li-chromosome le chromatin. Ka mor'a hore ho thehoe motsoako o le mong feela oa deoxyribonucleic acid, ho thehoa mehaho ea eona ea bobeli le e phahameng. Mefuta e 'meli ea deoxyribonucleic acid e kopantsoe hammoho ke li- hydrogen bonds ho ea ka taolo ea tlhatlhobo. Ho pheta-pheta ha DNA ho hlaha nuclei ea lisele.

Lintho tse hlahisitsoeng ke lihlopha le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea RNA ke lihlopha tse matla: ATP, GTP, CTF le TTF. Ribonucleic acid e ka kenyelletsoa ho tsona ka ho kenya letsoho ho e 'ngoe ea likaroloana tsena tse tharo: e leng DNA-e itšetlehileng ka RNA polymerase, polynucleotide-nucleotide-transferase le RNA-e itšetlehileng ka RNA polymerase. Ntho ea pele ho tsena e fumanoe nuclei ea lisele tsohle, hape e fumaneha mitochondria. RNA e entsoe ka matheba a DNA ka pel'a li-ribonucleoside triphosphates, li-ions tsa Mangan le Magnesium. Molek'hule ea RNA e thehoa e tlatsetsang template ea DNA. E le hore DNA e kene ka hare ho nuclei, r-RNA-, t-RNA-, le-RNA- le RNA-primers li thehoa. Tse tharo tsa pele li fetisetsoa cytoplasm, moo li kenang liprotheine tsa biosynthesis.

Ho pheta-pheta ha DNA ho etsahala hoo e batlang e le phetolelo ea deoxyribonucleic acid. Ts'ebetsong, hammoho le ho boloka boitsebiso ba lefutso bo etsoa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: phetolelo le phetolelo. Sephatsa sa lefutso ke eng? Gene ke karolo ea lintho tse bonahalang e leng karolo ea molek'hule ea deoxyribonucleic acid (RNA ka likokoana-hloko tse ling). E na le li-chromosome tsa cell nuclei. Boitsebiso ba tlhaho bo fetisoa ho tloha DNA ho tloha ho RNA ho ea ho liprotheine. Phetolelo e etsoa ka nucleus ea sele 'me e kenyelletsoa qalong ea i-RNA libakeng tsa molek'hule ea deoxyribonucleic acid. Ho lokela ho boleloa hore sekhetho sa nucleotide sa deoxyribonucleic acid "se ngoloa" ho latellana ha nucleotide ea molek'hule ea i-RNA. RNA polymerase e kenyelelitsoe ho sebaka sa DNA se lekanang, "se senya" habeli sa helix 'me se kopitsa sebopeho sa deoxyribonucleic acid, se eketsa nucleotide ho latela molao-motheo oa tlhabollo. Ha sekhechana se ntse se tsamaea, ketane ea ho etsa RNA e tloha hōle le matrix, 'me li-helix tse peli tsa DNA ka mor'a enzyme li tsosolosoa hang-hang. Haeba RNA polymerase e fihla qetellong ea sebaka se kopitsitsoeng, RNA e tloha hōle le matrix ho ea karyoplasm, ebe e fetela cytoplasm, moo e kenang mofuteng oa liprotheine.

Nakong ea phetolelo, ho latellana ha nucleotide molek'hule ea i-RNA ho fetoleloa ho latellana ha lihlahisoa tsa amino acid ka molek'hule ea protheine. Tshebetso ena e etsahala cytoplasm, 'me RNA mona e kopanya,' me ho hlahisa mokhoa o motle.