History of Smolensk: letsatsi la ho lokolloa ha Smolensk

Hoo e ka bang mong le e mong motse Russia e na le buka e ikhethang tsa lona bahale pale, empa kajeno re tla tsepamisa maikutlo St. Petersburg - o mong oa metse e moholo Russia, teng ka 400 km le ho tloha Moscow, ka tsela e ka boroa-bophirimela. Pele re fihla sehlooho tsa "Letsatsi la ho lokolloa ha Smolensk tloha bafutuhi Manazi", hopola ka bokhutšoanyane pale ea ka sehloohong 'me motse e bohareng ea Smolensk, eo e ruile haholo ka liketsahalo tse sa tšoaneng.

motse qhobosheane

Ha ho buuoa ka lekhetlo la pele ba Smolensk fumanoa Ustiug matsatsi, ngotsoe lilemo tse 862-865. Le 882, motse e ne e le karolo ea puso ea Kievan, Prince Oleg hapa le fetisetsa ho ea puso ea Prince Igor. O ile a hlaha ka tsela e kgwebo ya tsa histori ea boholo-holo. Smolensk ne e le sebaka ka sehloohong ea khoebo le mesebetsi ea matsoho, e ile ea e-bakeng sa Maslav setsi sa moloko Krivichy le qhobosheane ea sesole.

Potso ea ha letsatsi la ho lokolloa ha Smolensk tloha Manazi e le hore ba utloisisa hantle hore na setšoantšong sena, u lokela ho se hokae a tseba ka liketsahalo tse seng kae tse khōlō bakeng sa motse oo. Butle-butle, e tsoelang pele moruong, lilemong tsa XII, ho ema ho setsi sa taolo le setso sa Smolensk principality. baahi ba motse ona e ile ea etsa mosebetsi oa matsoho e be e hlabollang, e laoloa ke konteraka ea ho tloha 1229, le lichaba tsa Baltic le Riga. Ka nako ea lilemo tse 1404 ho ka 1514, motse oo o ne e le karolo ea Grand Duchy oa Lithuania.

Ntoa bakeng sa motse oo

Ka 1410 Smolensk a liluloaneng le Poland le Lithuanian diyuniti sesole kopanela Ntoa ea Grunwald.

Ka 1596-1602 GG. Smolensk ile pota-potiloe ke leboteng Lejoe, e hahiloeng hahoa ke sa meralo ea ho haha ea Smolenschiny Fedor Kon. Ena qhobosheane e le e mong ea bitsoang ka mor'a lejoe sefaha Russia naha.

Nakong sireletsa Smolensk, e qalile ho tloha lilemong tse 1609-1611., Motse tšoara lipalo ka 1654, o ile a boela a hlōla Serussia.

Letsatsi la ho lokolloa ha Smolensk tswa French

Ka histori ea Smolensk ke ea bohlokoa haholo ho sa thoe letho ka selemo 1812 - nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, ha ntoa e etsahetse haufi le motse kopaneng Russia lebotho la Bagration le Barclay de Khao Tolly le lebotho la Napoleon o. Ho lokolloa ha Smolensk tloha bahlōli le French hlahile November 4, 1812. motse Smolensk ka nako ena o ne a ikakhetse senyehile.

Lilemong tsa bo-XIX e ile ea e-setsi motse oa mela e mehlano sa terene, 'me ka hona chelete motseng ho fihlela ka potlako haholo. Qalong ea ea XIX lekholong la lilemo la ho ne ho ka 20 indasteri le khoebo likhoebo. Ka 1929, St. Petersburg - bohareng ba sebaka se ka bophirimela.

September 25 - ka letsatsi la ho lokolloa ha Smolensk tswa bafutuhi Jeremane

Ha Jeremane Bofasista bafutuhi hlasela Soviet Union, ka mor'a hore ba bang ba libeke tse peli, ho tla ba hantle, July 10, ba ne ba marako a Smolensk.

Ka naha ea sebaka se Smolensk tloha libeke tse pele la ntoa le e tšabehang bapetse tsoa ho fetisisa ea ntoeng bohale bo tšosang, e leng ka nako ne lebitso tsa histori - Smolensk itšireletsa ntoeng. Ke likhoeli tse peli lieha ho qala ho ea bahlaseli Jeremane ea Moscow, ho ba thusitse motse-moholo ho lokisetsa le ho kopana le sera sa ho hlooho-on. Ha e le hantle sena se entse hore ho putlama ka morero Hitler tšabehang.

The Battle of Smolensk , masole a Soviet Union a timetsoa masole a 250 likete le balaoli ba ba Wehrmacht. masole a Soviet Union 16 go th, 19 go th le 20 go th Army ka ea le loanelang ho fetisisa thata le bohale bo tšosang ka ho sa setereke Smolensk leka Solovieva tšela, Dukhovshchina, Yelnia Yartsev 'me ka sebete ba loanela tlhaselo ke matla ka ho fetisisa tsa Jeremane lebotho la sehlopha "Center".

Letsatsi la ho lokolloa ha Smolensk ne e ntse e hōle haholo. La 16 July, 1941 Smolensk ile a hapa ke Manazi ka la 29 July - le oela Zadneprovskaya ea sebaka se Smolensk.

Mosebetsi le likhukhuni

masole a Soviet Union sitoa ho thiba mabotho a phahametse ba lireng, 'me ba ile ba qobelloa hore ba inehele Smolensk. Litoropong le metseng li ne li lula Majeremane. Leha ho le joalo, metseng ea moo khahlanong le sera sebetsa 120 diyuniti latela mekha le detachments.

Hamorao, masole a ka bang 10 tse sekete le balaoli, lingangele le ka tlas'a lefatše sebakeng Smolensk ne hlahiswa ho likhau e, likhau kakgolo le likhau, batho ba 56 ba ile ba fuoa e le sehlooho Hero ea Soviet Union, har'a bona ho molaoli oa likhukhuni unit trust Grishin sr le likhukhuni Peter Galetsky Vladimir Kurylenko.

tlhōlo

Ho lumeloa hore ho la 25 September, 1943 - letsatsi la ho lokolloa ha Smolensk (difoto tsa nako eo fetile tsohle pente e tšabehang ea timetso e tšabehang le mesarelo eo ba hlahetseng naha ya rona). Haeba ntlha e le ho latela lintlha tse histori, ho lokolloa ha ka Smolensk tshebetso ileng sa etsahala ho tloha August ho October 1943 'me e ne e le khoutu e mong ea bitsoang "Suvorov".

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore masole a Soviet Union ba ne ba sa e matla botekgeniki thepa le manpower lekaneng, Smolensk ne e ntse e ka ho feletseng ba lopolloa lireng.

Smolensk sebakeng pele ntoa e ne e le tse thunyang sebakeng, ka mor'a hore ntoa motse Roslavl, Gzhatsk, Vyazma, Yartsevo fetoha tšenyeho e.
Ka Smolensk ea 8000 meaho bolulo 7300 li ne li chesoa. Manazi a ile a sehlōhō hlokofatsoa le thunya baahi 350 tse sekete, har'a bona feela Smolensk bolaoa 135.000.

Likarolo tse ling tsa Bophirimela Front, 'me tse 70 metsoako ile a fuoa lebitso la kakgolo "Smolensk", "Yartsevkie", "Roslavl". Ka letsatsi la ho lokolloa ha Smolensk ka Moscow o ile a fuoa ho lumelisa ba 244 lithunya tsa artzalpami bo20 la lilemo.

e tlotlisa

Motsamaisi oa Union Army P. F. Klepach holim'a mohaho oa hotele "Smolensk", eo e leng e mong oa batho ba pholohileng tse seng kae a ema, a tsosa folakha ea hae e khubelu. E leng motse kaofela o ne hoo e batlang e timetsoa, empa ka mor'a ho be le tlhōlo ka ho feletseng ea mabotho a rona Jeremane Bofasista nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, motse oo o ile tsosolositsoeng le e tsosolosoa.

Ka 1966, motse oa Smolensk amohela Order tsa ho rata naha Ntoa lengolo la I, Taelo ea Lenin ka 1983 'me e le sehlooho sa Hero City May 6, 1985.

Ho fumana e ikutloe e hlasimolohile ka eona, ha u etela Smolensk ho etela ikhetha, 'me e mong oa molemo ka ho fetisisa ea Lefatše Ntoa ea II ea musiamo. Smolensk, hammoho le naheng eohle ea Smolensk, strewn le mabitla a boima 'me lifika. Mona mona boloka hopola mahlatsipa, batho ba sitoa ho lebala batho ba loana ho isa lefung ka ntoa khahlanong le mohlaseli eo.