Heterocyclic metsoako: nomenclature le tlhophiso

Heterocyclic komponeng sehlopheng sa metsoako manyolo lesale lipotolohong tseo, ho phaella ho liathomo k'habone, e na le liathomo tse ngata tsa likarolo tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale, tseo ho thoeng heteroatoms (Segerike heteros - - e mong, bobeli.): Oksijene (mohlala, furan le pyran), naetrojene (pyrrole le pyridine ), sebabole (thiophene tiofenaldegid, thiopyran, thiazole), selenium (selenophene) jj

The heterocycles thehoa ka liathomo tse peli kapa ho feta har'a carbon le heteroatoms. Ho latela khopolo Bayer o manganga heterocycles ba feela maemong tseo ha kheloha valencies tsa liathomo eaba ba etsa mehele, ke hlaha ka lehlakoreng le nyenyane ka ho fetisisa 109 ° 28 '. Ka mohlala, ka ho fetisisa sa tsitsang metsoako heterocyclic ke heterocycles le tse tharo e telele, eo ho eona ho ke kholo ka ho fetisisa limolek'hule joalo kheloha - 24 ° 44 '(ethylene oxide e, Tioxide ethylene le ethyleneimine).

Heterocycles tse abuoeng ka tlhaho. Tsena li akarelletsa-amino acid (tryptophan, carnosine, histidine), imino acid (proline le hydroxyproline), le purine (adenine le guanine) le pyrimidine (thymine, uracil le cytosine) makalana, biologically bohlokoa boleng ba sebele ba taba phelang (heme, hemin, chlorophyll), alkaloids ( caffeine le atropine), lithibela-mafu (penicillin, gramicidin C, streptomycin), meriana (norsulfazol le caffeine), sulfonamides (norsulfazol, streptocid), solvents manyolo (pyridine), lik'habohaedreite, acid nucleic, lihaha-'mele, li-hormone, divithamini, 'me ba bangata ba bang dintho bohlokoa.

Classification tsa metsoako lik'hemik'hale

tlhophiso e thehiloeng sebōpeho sa heterocycles ka molek'hule lona leo k'habone liathomo tse bonded ho heteroatom (hetero) le liathomo hydrogen. Heterocycles le derivatives bona ba arotsoe ka lihlopha ho itšetlehile ka palo ea liathomo eaba ba etsa le lesale (three-, four-, five-, tšeletseng membered, joalo-joalo). Sehlopheng ka seng ho na le potlana-lihlopha le e 'ngoe, peli kapa tse tharo liathomo hetero.

metsoako Heterocyclic maemong a mangata o ile a re ke nomenclature tsa histori (pyridine, pyrrole, acridine). From mabitso tsa histori thehoa mabitso derivatives bona (pyridine-4-carboxylic acid e methylpyridine). Ho bontša boemo ba substituent liathomo heterocycles palo. Dinomoro e etsoang ke liathomo hetero kapa bontša mangolo a Segerike tsa alfabeta, ho qala ho tswa ho e haufi k'habone athomo ka heteroatom - alpha,,, beta, ea gamma, joalo-joalo

Getorotsiklicheskie metsoako: nomenclature

Ha reha lebitso la metsoako heterocyclic ho ea ka IUPAC nomenclature baloa nomoro ea liathomo ka heterocycle e, sebopeho lona, bewa ga substituents le lintho tse ling (mohlala, furfural o na le lebitso e hlophisitsoeng furan-2-carbaldehyde). Mabitso a metsoako heterocyclic bontšitsoe dithulaganyo tlhaloso bakeng sa ba lokisetsa ho ea bona, thepa le makgabane.

Bakeng sa heterocycles kenyeletsa oxides (mohlala, ethylene oxide e), anhydrides tsa dibasic phelelang acid carboxylic, joalo-joalo Botsitso ba heterocycles pele ho nkoa e itšetlehile ka palo ea liathomo k'habone ka heterocycle molek'hule ea heteroatoms le sebakeng sona ka heterocycle ena. The bonyane manganga ba heterocyclic metsoako e entsoeng ka lipotoloho tse tharo kapa tse 'nè, tse habonolo e robehileng le e ba acyclic metsoako. Ho na le ke e ngata ea metsoako heterocyclic, limolek'hule tsa lipotoloho tsa tsitsitse, potoloho ea bona ka tsela e tšoanang benzenovogo liboto. Ba ka sehloohong mehaho elements tsa ba bangata biosoedineny ya bohlokwa ya indasteri, meriana le tsa bongaka ba diphoofolo.

K'hemistri oa Heterocyclic metsoako

The thepa lik'hemik'hale tsa-membered tse hlano (thiophene le derivatives lona) heterocycles ka lebaka la ho ba teng ka molek'hule bona Pi-tsamaiso ya dieleketerone feteletseng, e leng eketsa aromaticity bona. Bapisoa le benzene thiophene habonolo leka electrophilic tloswa.