Gini kalo, index

E mong oa mathata a tebileng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa linaheng tse tsoelang pele ke tjhelete e kenang lekane. E khōlō tekanyo e lona, batho ba eketsehileng ka hare ho naha ba qala ho ikutloa ba ho hloka toka. Ho haella ha chelete ho etsa hore ke nahanisisa ka linako tsohle bakeng sa letsatsi le hlahlamang, e leng ho ka etsa hore motho a feteletse fapaneng.

Lekholong la mashome a mabeli, tsa moruo li tla le tsela ea ho lekanya toka mabapi le kabo ea chelete ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng dipalopalo. The gini olahraga-index ke feela e 'ngoe ea litsupa tsena. pontshi ena hlaha moruo ka 1912 ka lebaka la ho demography Setaliana le lipalo-palo Korrado Dzhini.

The gini olahraga coefficient lumella manolotsoeng ba lekane chelete e kenang ka har'a naha. makgabane lona ke ka ho fapaneng ho tloha 0 ho 1. The nyenyane boleng fetoha gini olahraga li-index, ho lumellanang le ho feta ajoa tsoela puso. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba pontshi ena atisa ho be le bonngoe, boholo ba chelete e kenang le e khobokellane matsohong a karolo e nyenyane ea baahi ba.

The gini olahraga coefficient. manolotsoeng

Manolotsoeng tsa pontshi hlahiswa sebedisa Lorenz mothinya-thalo. Bolela sebaka seo potapotoeng ke sa Lorenz mothinya le mola bokhabane ka e, 'me sebaka ka tlase e le B. Joale gini olahraga-index e lekanang ya quotient fumanoa ka ho arola A ho (A + B). Kaha A + B = 0.5, joale pontshi rona di ka balwa ka tsela e latelang: D = 2 * A = 1-2 * B. Ha re bontša hore karo-karolelano e le mosebetsi oa Lorentz Y = L (X), boleng B ka fumanoa sebedisa ea bohlokoa.

Boemo kakaretso lefatšeng e tjena:

The gini olahraga index ea linaheng tse kenyelletsoa bloc European, tse kang Slovenia, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Czech Republic, e fapaneng ho tloha 0,2 ho 0,3. Sena ha se bolele hore meputso ea baahi bohle ba linaha tsena tse ka phahameng ka ho tšoanang, empa ho ena le hoo ha e le hantle hore leruo ea sechaba e evenly aba. Naheng ka 'ngoe ho na le e phahameng, e ka tlaase' me bohareng strata tsa sechaba, e leng ho ba le diforomo tsa bona e itseng ea thepa le chelete, empa ho na le ho hlaka mafutsana le ho hlakile hore ke barui.

Linaheng bao moruo ba hantle ntshetswa pele, tse kang Japane, UK, Jeremane, Spain, Fora le Portugal, ho gini olahraga coefficient ke karolelano ea ka 0,35. Mehloli e ka sehloohong ea ho bokella ke likhoebo le mekhatlo e sebetsa ka ho banka le lefapha la indasteri. lihlopha tse peli tse ka sehloohong ka khetholloa sechabeng: ho feta ruileng le e 'ngoe eo ke le kotsing ea ho shocks moruo le maqakabetsi a lichelete.

Linaha tseo ho tsona ho gini olahraga coefficient e phahameng (ho tloha ho 0,45 ho 0,55 le ka linako tse ling e fetisisang tse 0.6), ho akarelletsa le Russia, USA, Venezuela, Brazil, Guatemala, Namibia, El Salvador, Bolivia, Haiti le Zimbabwe. Ho ka 'na ha bonahala eka bana ba linaha tse ling tse kholo joaloka US le Russia ho ba lenane tšoanang le linaha tsa Afrika le Latin American? Ho fetisisa ka etsahala hore ebe, karabo larileng ka ka ho se lekane fele mekhoa eo e mong le e boemo lisebelisoa tsela ea eona e le fumana diphetho tshwaneleha.

E le e mong oa litsela tsa ho ntlafatsa tshwano tsa kabo ea chelete e nkoa e le tokisetso ea puso tšehetso bakeng sa tsamaiso ea thuto, tšireletseho ea sechaba le ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Sena se etsa hore ho ka khoneha hore batho ba nang le chelete e kenang tlaase ho fumana thuto e itseng, ho boloka bophelo bo botle 'me ka kholiseha haholoanyane ka bokamoso ba bona.

The mokhoa e latelang ea ho loantša ho se lekane bolela liphetoho ka tsamaiso ea lekhetho ea baahi, ka ho khetheha, ho qaloa ho tsoelang pele ditefello lekhetho. Flat sekhahla lekhetho ea moputso oa baahi ba, eo, ho etsa mohlala, bo teng Russia, e isa 'nete ea hore mafutsana a ho futsanehileng le ba ruileng tsoela pele ho eketsa leruo la hae.

Ya e le hantle, u ka sebelisa mokhoa o ho kopantswe le joalo, e le ncha, litsela radically fapaneng ho ntlafatsa kabo ea lekgetho la moruo oa lefatše lohle ba ntse ba sa tsejoeng.