Giant-sehlopha sa sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Akula" Project 941: kakaretso, litšobotsi tse

Sehlopha sa sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Shark" e ntse e le rekoto Krrish ea USSR. Ha a ntse a tsamaya le ikemetseng la matsatsi a 120, ho habonolo lifapano leoatle hlokomeleha le a le matla a ho senya teteaneng Arctic leqhoa le otla sepheo lireng ka lokolloa ka mahlaahlela ballistic metsu eohle e hare ka nako e khutšoanyane. Kajeno, fumana sebelisoa bakeng sa eona ka ho se joalo, le qetello hae e sa hlaka.

karabo ea rona

Peiso sikiloe etsahala pakeng tsa USSR le United States, o ile a bolela ka ho mahlakoreng a mabeli a sa ka karabelo e lekaneng ho mathata ao ka bobeli. Ka lilemo tse 70 United States li ne li hlometse sekepe ka displacement tsa boima ba lithane tse 18,7. lebelo lona e ne e le 200 diyuniti, e ne e akarelletsa ho thepa le mechine, e finyelloa ka tlas'a metsi lerumo ho tsoibiloang ka botebo ba limithara tse 15 ho ea ho 30. Ha a arabela, Union saense le sesoleng-liindasteri rarahaneng tsa boeta-pele ba naha eo ba batla ho bōptjoa thekenoloji phahameng.

Ka December 1972 ho ile ha e ntshitsweng e etsoang ka maqiti le ho botekgeniki ditlhoko ho bopa sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie le cipher "Shark" le nomoro 941. Qala ka mesebetsi ea kaho o ile a qala le ho etsa qeto ha 'muso ho qala ho ntshetsa pele morero o ile a abeloa ho phetha CDB "Rubin". Phethahatso ea moralo ho nahanoa e hlahile ka hangar e khōlō ea lefatše - ka "Sevmash", rala ileng sa etsahala ka 1976. Nakong ea kaho ea sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie e ne e entsoe breakthroughs maloa theknoloji, e mong oa bona - ho aggregate-modular mokhoa oa kaho hore fokotsa nako ya phethehile. Kajeno, mokhoa ona o sebelisoang hohle mefuta eohle ea shipbuilding, empa sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Akula" sehlopha sa e ne e le lekhetlo la pele ka sohle.

Qetellong ea September 1980 ke le mosebetsing oa Severodvinsk ile a qala ka White Sea, pele sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Akula" Project 941. Ho ea ka tšōmo, leoatle kapa ba 'nile ba, ka seqha sa sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie ho fihlela e e theolela ka metsing, ka tlase ho waterline ile penta shaka meno pepesitse, mohatla phuthetsoe trident. Ka mor'a hore leloko la ka kotokaka leoatle nyamela tlas'a metsi le logo logo logo logo-s'o bone hape, empa memori kapa ea batho, a meharo ea disymbol le lipontšo, hang-hang o ile a fana ka lebitso la cruiser - ". Shark" Kaofela ha lintho tse latelang mofuta 941 sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie amohetse lebitso tšoanang, 'me litho tsa basebetsi ba disymbol bona ka sebōpeho sa metopa ka sleeve le setšoantšo sa shaka e ile hlahisitswe. Ka cruiser US ile a fuoa lebitso la "Leholiotsoana".

moralo

Ka tlas'a metsi sehlopha sa "Shark" sekepe ka sebopeho tšoana le catamaran - housings tse peli, e mong le e ba bona ba na le bophara ba limithara tse 7,2, tse lokisetsa e tšoanang le mong ho e mong ka sefofane tshekaletseng. The tiisitsoe lekareche le mojulung ona taolo e teng pakeng tsa 'mele tse peli tse khōlō, ho na le taolo ka thōko' me-le-moea le boenjiniere armament cruiser. Lata unit trust e ka pel'a sekepe pakeng tsa hulls ena. Ho fallela ho tloha karolong e 'ngoe ea sekepe ho e mong ne ho ka khoneha bakeng sa ho fetoha tse tharo. The vela kaofela ile entsoe ka 19 liphaposi neleng.

Submarines ba Project 941 ( "Shark") ke ka ea kaho, ho seha botlaaseng, ba babeli Pop-sebakeng seo kamoreng bokgoni ka liketso tsohle tsa basebetsi ba ka. Lekareche, eo Houses ofising bohareng, haufi le karolo e ka morao ea cruiser ena. Thaethaniamo Plating koahela tse peli 'mele tse bohareng, e poso bohareng, torpedo kamoreng, ba bang kaofela ba holim'a metsi e sewn tšepe, eo ho sonar barbotage sireletsehile ipata ho tloha litsamaisong sekepe latedisa.

Front retractable mabili tse tshekaletseng moralo ka seqha sa sekepe. Outer itšeha matlafatsoa le hlomelloa le mohaho o chitja marulelong, ea nang le bokhoni hore a tlohele leqhoa holim tiileng ha ke sa teba ka latitudes leboea.

litšobotsi tsa

Ka sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie mofuta 941 hlomamisa matleng a ea molokong o mong ka boraro unit trust (bokgoni ba bona bo ne a etsang dilitara tse 100,000. S.) Block mofuta, placement ile hlapolotsoeng ka likotoana tsa ka vela khatello, fokotsa litekanyo tsa Nei. Ka tsela eo tshebetso e ile ea ntlafala.

Empa e seng feela mohato ona o ile a etsa tsomo sehlopha sa submarines "Shark." Litšobotsi tse lehakoe kenyelleditswe pedi pressurized metsi melena OK-650 le tse peli mouoane-mofuta turbine. thepa eohle ea a bokella o lumeletse e seng feela ho eketsa bokgoni ba ho sebetsa eohle ea sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie, empa fokotsa thothometsa, 'me ka lebaka leo, ntlafatsa kwahelang molumo oa sekepe. Litlhophiso tsa matla a nyutlelie li butswe ka tsela e iketsang ha phepelo ea motlakase ka matla.

tobileng:

• Palo e kahodimodimo Length - limithara tse 172.
• Palo e kahodimodimo bophara - limithara tse 23,3.
• 'Mele oa bophahamo - limithara tse 26.
• Displacement (tlas'a metsi / holim'a metsi) - tonnes 48 / boima ba lithane tse 23,2 ..
• Ho ba le mamello ntle surfacing - matsatsi a 120.
• ho qoelisoa botebo (palo e kahodimodimo / sebetsa) - 480 limithara / 400m.
• lebelo ho sesa (ka holimo-metsi a / tlas'a metsi) - 12 diyuniti / 25 diyuniti.

libetsa

Main armament - tiileng metsu ballistic "fapaneng" ( 'mele boima - 90 limithara, bolelele -.. 17,7 limithara). lerumo fapaneng ya 8,3, th. km, ho warhead e arotsoe warheads 10, mong le e mong e nang le matla a kilotons 100 tsa TNT le batho ka bomong oona tsamaisong tataiso.

Qala tsohle mahlaahlela pokellong sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie e ka 'na ea se nang molekane gulp lekgutshwanyane karohano pakeng tsa qalang diyuniti lerumo. Mathang mahlaahlela entseng ho tloha holim 'le koahetsoe, botebo lebetsoeng le qalong ea limithara tse 55. Design litšobotsi tsa mahlaahlela lebeletsweng lerumo 24, hamorao fokotswa ho diyuniti 20.

Features

Submarines ba Project 941 "Akula" hlomelloa le matla a dimela e entsoeng ka diyuniti tse pedi, ba arohane ka fapaneng masakeng sireletsehile se etselitsoeng motero. reactors kgona ho Track ho thepa pulse length, tsamaiso gana ka karabelo ka ho lahleheloa feela oa matla.

Ha efe mosebetsi ka qapa E le hore e ne e le tšireletseho sekepe le basesisi ba, seo ho thoeng ke tšireletso ea radius, tse neng li balwa ka ho mokhoa oa ho matla a maholo 'me netefalitsoeng experimentally diyuniti matlo (tse peli tse Pop-up moduleng wa kamano setshelo, coupling housings le sa t. D.) .

Sehlopha sa sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Shark" e ile ea hahoa ka "Sevmash", moo ka ho toba ea lefatše ho ea kholo ka ho fetisisa e 'nile ea etselitsoe le bōpileng ka boathouse mo, 屋内, kapa lebenkele nomoro 55. Ships tsa porojeke 941 ba tšoauoa ka e ile ea eketseha buoyancy - ho feta 40%. Ho sekepe ka ho feletseng koahetsoe, tsitsisang lona e lokela ho ba halofo displacement lona, ke hobane'ng ha ho ne ho lebitso le ea bobeli - "metsi microcyteme". Qeto ea ka e joalo e moralo e ne e entsoe ka leihlo hole bonang ka mokhoa - ho phetha ho lokisa le tlhokomelo e thibelang e tla hlokahala ka piers o teng le ho lokisa lifektheri.

The buoyancy tšoanang etsa bonnete ba ho pholoha ha sekepe se ka latitudes e ka leboea, moo o batla ho senya ka ho o teteaneng leqhoa sekoahelo. Submarines "Shark" Project 941 sebetsana ka katleho le stringent palo maemo leboea, moo leqhoa botenya fihla 2,5 limithara le pataganeng leqhoa le maporogo leqhoa influxes. le matla a ho bula leqhoa botenya e ka makhetlo-khetlo o ile a bontša ka mokhoa ona.

Crew 'matseliso

Basesisi ba sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie haholo phethoa le balaoli, liofisiri li ile tsa warantha. balaoli ba phahameng ba lokiselitsoe marobalo sebakeng ka liphaposi peli le tse 'nè-bethe hlomelloa ka TV, ho hlatsoa liaparo le ho beisine, conditioning moea, wardrobes, lideskeng joalo joalo.

Basesisi ba likepe ba le balaoli ba boraro a fumaneng ho lahla phutholohile Kubrick. maemo a sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie e phelang e ne e le ho feta phutholohile, likepe feela tsa sehlopha sena li ne li hlometse holo bakeng sa mesebetsi lipapali, sesa letamo, solarium le Sauna. Ka hore ba se ke ho senya hole le ntho ea sebele haholo ho qaloa phutuho e telele, sebaka se phelang e se e bōpileng.

bolokiloeng

Dilemong tse nakong eohle ea kaho ea submarines tsa mofuta 941 e ile ka amoheloa ke le cruisers Navy tse tšeletseng:

• "Dmitry Donskoy" (la du no tk - 208). E amohetsweng ka December 1981, ka mor'a apkreite hape qala ho khanna ditshebeletso ka July 2002.
• La du no tk-202. Ke fihla lapeng boema-kepe 'me a beha ka tšebeletso ea ka December 1983. Ka 2005, sekepe o ne a khaola ka tšepe sephephechaneng.
• "Simbirsk" (FC-12). E amohetsweng ka Northern Fleet ka January 1985. Ho ile lahloa ka 2005.
• La du no tk-13. cruiser The ile hiriloeng ka December 1985. Ka 2009, 'mele o ne a khaola ka tšepe ea sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie (shestiotsechny le literata reactors) ba' nile ba ea fetoleloa ka polokelo nako e telele ka Kola Hloahloeng.
• "Arkhangelsk" (FC-17). Letsatsi bakeng sa Navy - November 1987. Ka lebaka la ho haella ha liqhomane ho tloha 2006, buisana le eena ka taba ea ho tshebediso.
• "Severstal" (FC-20). Abeloa ho ea palo ea Navy ka September 1989. Ka 2004 o ile a pokello ea ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke likulo, le reretsoe ho lahla.
• La du no tk-210. Bookmark matlo kaho thulane le le qhaqha ea tsamaiso ea moruo. O ile a lahleheloa dithuso tsa ditjhelete le ile heletsoa ka 1990.

Ea nyutlelie sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Akula" sehlopha sa ne matlafaditswe ka karohano le mong, e leng o sebeletsa e le setsi bakeng sa Batho ba Bophirimela (Murmansk sebakeng). Tsosolosa Nerpichiya Bay e ile ea phethoa ka 1981. Bakeng sa mofuta 941 cruisers ne a hlomelloa le lapeng mooring line, piers likarolo khethehileng, o ile a haha nkholi e ikhethang ea boima ba lithane tse 125 bakeng sa ho play loading metsu (ha a laela).

boemo jwale

Ho fihlela joale, tsohle di a fumaneha tsa nyutlelie sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Akula" sehlopha sa sebakeng koung ea ngolisoang foromo sireletsa, ka etsa qeto ea qetello bona. The sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Dmitry Donskoy" ile ntlafatswa ke thepa e loketseng "Bulava". Ho ea ka litlaleho mecha ea litaba, ho ile a rera ho lahla lintho tse bao e seng ho phetha ka 2016. Posts ka ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha morero oa e ne e ha ho joalo.

Giant sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie Project 941 "Akula", e ntse e le libetsa ikhethang, e cruiser feela, ba nang le bokhoni ba ho ntšetsa pele ntoa mosebetsi ka Arctic. Ba hoo e ka bang invulnerable ho-ba khahlanong le sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie, teng ka US libetsa. Hape, ha ho sera se ka 'nang ha e na ho bolela botekgeniki ho lemoha lifofane cruiser tlas'a leqhoa.