Furu joang: Tlhaloso

Liphoofolo tse ruiloeng - e mong oa makala a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa oa temo. Sepheo se seholo ke ho etsa bonnete ba senatla (lefatšeng ka bophara) liphoofolo tse ruuoang fepa. Ha karolo e phethoang bonyane ho rarolla ena e thata bothata papali furu lijo-thollo. Tse fapa-fapaneng, boleng phepo e nepahetseng, dimela a ikokobelitse thusa ho sebetsana ka katleho le taba ena.

lijo-thollo

Joang bo lelapa na hoo e ka bang makholo a supileng le mashome a tšeletseng genera le ho feta motso le halofo likete mefuta e. Ba na ea e sebelisang e fapaneng:

• lijo (koro, ba rye, 'me batho ba bang);
• furu (Timothea, lifate joang bo , joalo-joalo)
• sebelisoa e le lintho tse bonahalang a thepa ea mohaho (lehlaka);
• papermaking (loli);
• e le mokhoa oa ho loantšeng khoholeho ea mobu (matla motso tsamaiso e khopo e etsa hore ho ka khoneha ho lokisa litutulu lehlabathe);
• mohloa (moo hlokahalang ho hanyetsa hatakela);
• le khabisitsoeng le (haholo-holo bakeng sa mokhabiso oa lawns meholo. kapa lirapeng tsa boikhathollo).

Lijo-thollo e ka sebetsa jwalo ka mofoka. Ba infest lijalo, lirapa tsa lifate, downing limela tse ling lengoa. A moemeli hlaheletseng setulo se kang bethe le. Leha setlama ena e atisa ho mowed bakeng sa furu, 'me e ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka ho ikatisa Pere.

Ha e le hantle, furu semela joang bo - sena joang ba lelapa la lijo-thollo, tse sebelisoa e le liphoofolo tse fepa ka fumanehang moo polasing. Sena se ka ba le furu, tala apara, makhulo, silage kapa lijo-thollo.

Ba hasane ka mose ho lefatše, hola ka ho phethahetseng lik'honthinenteng tsohle, ho akarelletsa le Antarctica. aborigine ena e bitsoang Antarctic moriri joang, kapa Deschampsia Antarctica, 'me e ho tse thathamisitsoeng - selemo le selemo bluegrass. Russia, tlas'a lijalo breakable tšoarehile ka bang 30% ea acreage ena. Ho pharaletseng sebediswa makhulong tlhaho le hlaoleloa.

Ho thata ho feteletsa bohlokoa ba ho lijo-thollo. Ba e le mohloli oa bohlokoa, phepo fepa ka bakeng sa mefuta eohle ea liphoofolo tse ruiloeng. Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho bopa phepelo ea lijo ka tšeptjoang ea ho ba sieo kapa khaello ea makhulong tlhaho le makhulo, ntle le ho sebelisa jaloa joang furu. Ka agronomy sebelisa bokhoni ba bona ba ho fetola lik'hemik'hale tsa mobu, nonotshang e le ho eketseha lihlahisoa ea lijalo morago ga moo.

mefuta e meng ea joang

A lelapa la khoahlapisitseng fepa ka emeloa ke palo e kholo ea limela. Ba na le classifications 'maloa:

• Ba phela:

- annuals;

- nako e telele;

• ke mofuta oa tillering:

- rhizome;

- ryhlokustovye;

- plotnokustovye;

• Height ea joang:

- Horse;

- poluverhovye;

- the grassroots;

• ka ho hlaolela kelello:

- setso;

- tse hlaha.

Tlhaloso ea lijo-thollo:

• Bakoang. Bitsoa culm, hangata sekoti, e petsoha nodes. Ha e le hantle, lisele tse bonolo neodrevesnevevshaya, empa ho na le boetse ho na le sefate-joaloka sebopeho - lehlaka. E e ntse e hōla ka potlako, ka fihla ba bolelele ba limithara tse 30.
• Letlobo. E ka ba vegetative le ho ikatisa. Branching inflorescence libaka kapa tillering.
• Siea. Moqotetsane, hangata ntle ho bakoang sessile, botshehading e sa koaloa. Ho tloha ho e mong le e noute ke se le seng, e mong ka ho e mong. O ile a lokisetsa ho ba babeli mela bo fapaneng ka bakoang le.
• Metso. tsamaiso e khopo fibrous katleho monyang le bakoang ke metsi le limatlafatsi tse ngata.
• Inflorescence. Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa: panicles, litsebe, litsebe, litjellane tse tlanngoeng mafito, plumes (nyoloha panicles). Kakaretso ea inflorescence e na le lipalesa tse ngata.
• Lipalesa. Hangata hermaphroditic (e nang le pistil le stamens), tse patehileng, tse nyenyane, ha ho na perianth keneletseng. Self- kapa moea-fumana peo e.
• Litholoana. Bitsoa weevil (colloquially - ea lijo-thollo), pericarp hang separable ho tloha peo ea, ovary - Single Jack (ovule mong ke cavity le 'ngoe).

Vegetative ho ikatisa etsahala, dipeo, kapa ho sebedisa rhizomes.

perennial

Perennial furu joang bo hola ka lekhulo la tlhaho le hayfields, sebelisoa ka metsoako. Baemeli ba klonoa, ryegrass, Timothea, brome, beardless, foxtail le ba bang. E ka katleho hola le ho hlahisa lijalo tse fetang linako tse 'maloa. ho ea ka palo ea lilemo tse:

• phela nako e telele ya tse nyenyane - lilemo tse 2-3;
• karolelano phela nako e telele - lilemo tse 4-5;
• khale - ho feta lilemo tse 5.

furu All perennial joang sefapano pollinating. Moea nyalisa limela hore li etsahale ka mor'a lihora tse hoseng. Bakeng sa joang tloaelehileng e dipeo osypaemost.

Annuals

Selemo le selemo furu joang phela selemo se le seng. Baemeli ba sehlopha sena ba dimela kenyeletsa tšoha, poone, Sudan joang, ryegrass selemo le selemo, perela nyalothe, mabele, oats le ba bang.

Ba ba atisa ho jaloa ka ho hlophisoa ha metsoako, tse kang mabele bakeng sa kotulo silage. Sudan joang bo fana le ka lihlahisoa e babatsehang ea furu le dikahare phahameng protheine. Tšohile e proven oona ka sebōpeho sa lebanta tala. Ho qala ho hloekisa nakong ea ejection ea panicles, e jeoa ke mefuta eohle ea temo. liphoofolo tse le linonyana.

hlaha

Furu joang e ka ba hlaha. dimela tsena tse ajoang ka steppe le steppe moru ka libaka. Ba e mong oa mefuta e ka sehloohong ea lijo, eseng feela bakeng sa liphoofolo tsa polasing, empa le bakeng sa ungulates hlaha. Fibrous oona tsamaisong motso tshepahalo e ntse e tsoela fatše, a lula a le expanses leholo la steppe foromo ka eona qalong.