Features ya sebopeho le bophelo crustacean. Boleng ba morue tsa tlhaho le bophelo ba motho

Lekala ea baeloji e amehang le ho ithuta tsa lintho tse phelang tse lulang ka bophara phelang, o bitsoa ea liphoofolo,. E 'ngoe ea likarolo tse lona ka kotloloho o bua le sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse multicellular - crustacean. sebopeho bona, litšobotsi tsa bophelo, hammoho le boleng ba morue tsa tlhaho le bophelo ba motho bo tla tšohloa sehloohong sena.

systematics crustaceans

Har'a lintho tse ka invertebrate ahileng polanete ea rōna, liphoofolo ema, tse kopanngoa ka Arthropods mofuta. Crustaceans ke e mong oa superclasses tsa taxon ena, eo litho phela haholo-holo ka metsi a hloekileng kapa leoatle. ba bang ba bona, tse kang woodlice le naha makhala feela phela libakeng tse metsi naha. Ka Superclass Crustaceans kenyeletsa: sehlopheng tlaase kankere le sehlopha sa phahame (decapod) kankere.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, e mong le e ba taxa tsena e na le lihlopha tse nyenyane taxonomic - lihlopha. Lower crustaceans ke motheong oa zooplankton, kahoo ba ile ba ke tsa bohlokoa linthong tsa tlhaho 'me bophelo ba motho. Ha e le hantle, e le e mong oa maqhama pele ka matla ketane lijo, kankere e ka tlaase ke mohloli oa lijo bakeng sa litlhapi le liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa metsing. Thanks ho litho tsa odara isopods, copepods le cladocerans, libōpuoa leoatle fumana protheine e tletseng lijo e le karolo ea kankere e ka tlaase 'mele kenyeletsa polypeptides digestible.

Ka sehlopha sa ba crustaceans e phahameng e kenyeletsa unit trust e mong - decapod, e emeloang ke liphoofolo tse kang makhala, lobsters, lobsters le makhala.

crustaceans Avilable

Motheong oa karohano ka litlelase tsa liphoofolo li beha ka holim 'a se tšoane kaofela ka sebopeho Link tsa lintho tse phelang tsena. Ka kankere ka tlaase tse kang Cyclops (copepods detachment), daphnia (Cladocera detachment), chickweed (Isopoda detachment), 'mele o kenyelletsa ditokiseletso nomoro bao e seng kamehla likarolo (likarolo) ka mpeng le le sieo leoto. Ka karolo ea ho qetela, ke thuto e itseng - fereko. 'mele ke le bonolo' me tšesaane chitin khetla, eo ka eona le translucent likahare tsa liphoofolo.

A phahameng crustaceans, eo baemeli ba na le thata chitinous khetla tse tsetsoeng moriana ka kalaka, 'me li bile li ka thata-thata ho arohana ea' mele ka cephalothorax le mpa le palo e sa khaotseng ea likarolo tse ho tsona. Ho joalo, crayfish golovogrudnom karolong 5 le 8 likarolo, ka ho latellana, le mpa e na 6 likarolo. Hape malacostraca, ho fapana ho ea maoto a tlaase, ba sesa ka mpa wa.

Metabolism le ea bohlokoa mesebetsi

Joalokaha ho ne ho itse ka eena pejana, bophelo bo boholo ba crustaceans ka metsing. Ka lebaka leo, ba 'nile thoeng hlaka bonahatsoa idioadaptation - tlwaetsa ho tikoloho e itseng: phefumoloho ho pholletsa le holim' mele kapa gills streamlined sebopeho 'mele, khetla e entsoeng ka chitin le tse tsetsoeng moriana le ntho metsi-Keneleng - carbonate k'halsiamo.

Litsamaiso tsa crustaceans tse kang ho potoloha ha mali, ho hema le renal fana homeostasis - ho boloka boemo ba tshilong ya dijo ka ho tloaelehile. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore crustaceans tsohle se koetsoeng tsamaiso e khopo ho potoloha ha mali, 'me pelo ea mokotla le shebahala joaloka' mele pentagonal le lipara 3 of di-valve. Ho ea ka ho cephalothorax le mpa tloha methapo hore tsoele mali jarelang limatlafatsi le oksijene ho makala 'ohle a liphoofolo, ea fella ka hore e tsoakiloeng mohohlo mmeleng, o bitsoang miksotselem. Hobane e na le se a ntse a mali venous kena gills, eo e lokolloa carbon dioxide le oxygenated, ho retelehela ka ea bohlokoa. Ka mekoting ka pericardium, o ile a tsoela ka ho toba ka ho teba.

Szczytno - e mosa sehlopha sa crustaceans

liphoofolo tsena, e leng sehlopha sa baahi ba metsi a hloekileng a ka phela ka matangoana ephemeral. Ha metsi a le e pshang kateng, o ile a schiten la cheka fatše la le ka nako e itseng ha e lahleheloa ke le mafolofolo lona. The mahe rala ke tse tšehali le qetellong ea pokello ea ka ho bolokoa ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 15. Di habonolo etsoa ke moea hammoho le likaroloana mobu, kahoo Szczytno phela hoo e ka bang hohle ntle le Antarctica le mahoatateng African.

Lifecycle crustaceans

Baemedi ba superclass ena kopana liforomo bobeli lona bonolo, tse kang ntshetsopeleng e tobileng ea crayfish, le ho feta tse, ho akarelletsa le mekhahlelo e larval. Tabeng ena, ntshetsopele le bitsoa e sa tobang. Ho ke tloaelehileng bakeng sa lihlopha tsa batho ba copepods le cladocerans, 'me hape o hlahellang teng kankere e phahameng, ho etsa mohlala, lobster kapa crayfish. Crustaceans, baemeli ba tse pelagic kapa planktonic larval foromo, e bitsoang nauplii le zoea, abuoeng ka tlhaho: e le baahi ba metsi a lebōpong la leoatle ea Australia, Amerika Leboea le Europe. All mekhahlelo e sa potoloho ea bophelo ba crustaceans laoloa ke tsamaiso bona endocrine hlahiswa androgenic postkomissuralnymi le sinus litsoelesa. Ba secrete-hormone hore laola dithulaganyo tsa kena bonneng kapa bosaling moult le ntlafalo ea larvae ka batho ba baholo.

Boleng ba morue tsa tlhaho le bophelo ba motho

Liphoofolo bao e leng ea detachment tsa decapods kang lobsters (lobsters), crayfish, makhala, ke khoebo mefuta ea bohlokoa ho fana ka e ratoa ea batho 'me nama e phahameng-protheine. Le ea bohlokoa haholo ke baemeli ba crayfish tlaase: cyclops, daphnia, litonki metsi, e leng lijo tsa tlhapi, ho etsa mohlala, ba kang litlhapi tsa salmon le Sturgeon.

Crayfish, tseo hangata ho thoeng ke bahlanka ba sepetlele, hloekisa tlase ea litlhaka kahare bafu manyolo. Ha boleng ba morue tsa tlhaho le bophelo ba motho bo ka Maemong a sithabetsa-positive, empa ba bang ba liphoofolo tse li kotsi, e kang linta carp baka tahlehelo tsa litonanahali tsa mefuta tlhapi khoebo. Cyclops A ke lipakeng mabotho la liboko parasitic: Guinea sebōkō le tapeworm bophara.

Re se re bone hore liphoofolo tsena li ne li akarelletsa ho Arthropods mofuta, ke kgokahanyo bohlokoa ka lintho tse phelang tikolohong ea tlhaho ea polanete ea rōna e le bohlokoa ba crustaceans tsa tlhaho le bophelo ba motho ha aa lokela ho nyenyefalitse. Mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo tsena (ka mohlala, noka shirokopaly kankere, mantis) thathamisitsoe e le kotsing ea ho fela, le ho timetsoa ha bona ke otlhaelwe ke molao.