Evenk ikemetseng ka Area: motse-moholo, nako, e leng motse

Evenkia - naheng e ea boholo-holo le ea mohlolo. pale ea hae e le karolo ea histori ea Siberia, le nang le tšimoloho ea eona lilemo tse makholo tse fetileng. ke eng e tsotehang Evenk ikemetseng ka Area?

boemo ba libaka

Evenk ikemetseng ka Area - paballo ya naha le taolo ya ka yuniti ya Federation le Serussia. O setho sa Krasnoyarsk Territory. Ho teng Bochabela Siberia. Sehelane moeli le sebakeng Irkutsk Republic Saha (Iakutiia) le Taimyrsky (Yamal Nenetski) ikemetseng sebakeng. sebaka sena e akaretsa sebaka se ea 770 likete sq M.. km SE. 18.000 - kahoo batho ba bangata ba ahileng Evenki ikemetseng ka Area. Motse-moholo - motse tsa litoropo Tour. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho sebakeng hae la tsamaiso e arotsoe libakeng tse 3 - Baikit, Ilimpiysky, Tungussko-Chui - le 22 ditaelo tsa mahaeng.

Har'a bafo bohle ba Federation ea Russia ka naheng ea Siberia, Evenkia ikemetseng ka Setereke o na le disadvantageous maemo a libaka. Ho ae phethang e le setsi sa ea Central Siberia Plateau. Ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa seterekeng sa - Stone Mountain bophahamo 1701 limithara Ho na le libaka tse fapaneng haholo klimate hammoho le Evenk ikemetseng ka Area e haholo otlolla ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa ho 1.500 km SE .. Boemo ba leholimo ke kontinenteng. July mocheso - ho fihlela ho 38 ° C, nakong ea mariha - ho -67 ° C. Karolo e khōlō ea Evenkia o bua ka bo Hōle North tsa Russia. Ho lumeloa hore ena ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tse ngata tse bohloko le tse feteletseng ho phela Russia.

integrally

April 17, 2005 e neng e tšoaretsoe ka referantamo eo fella ka hore ho Evenk ikemetseng ka Setereke di ne tsa kopanngwa le Krasnoyarsk Territory. Ka la 1 January, 2007, o ile a fumana maemo a macha. Ho tloha ka nako eo, o ile a ea setereke masepala oa Krasnoyarsk Territory. Khaotsa ho ba teng le ho Tajmyrsky (Nenets) Setereke. O, joaloka Evenki ikemetseng ka Area, o ke sebetse 'moho ho fihlela le Krasnoyarsk Territory.

mehlodi ya

Maruo ka sehloohong ea karolo ena ea Siberia hydrocarbons - oli le khase. Sebakeng se ke hape ruileng khauta, litaemane, graphite, mashala, phosphate lintho tse bonahalang e tala le polatinamo. Tsepisa tse mobung oa tšepe tloaelehang le batho bao e seng ferrous. Ho na le mehloli ea majoe a bohlokoa, koporo-nikele le manya a tšepe.

Flora

Evenkia - sebakeng se monate ka ho fetisisa ka hare ho naha ya rona, empa bakeng sa ba bangata e sala e thata ho ba pakela 'me unexplored ka sebaka. taba tsohle tsa maemo a thata a leholimo le bohole tloha metseng e meholo. Ka lebaka leo, ka seoelo mohahlauli a iteta sefuba ho etela Evenki ikemetseng ka Area. Photos nkiloeng batsamai, lumella re bonyane ho tloha lebaka la sebōpeho sa sebaka sena. libakeng tse sabaletseng lula Arctic leqhoa, empa ho na le tundra, taiga le lithaba meru. Ho na le matša a mangata, hoo e ka bang kaofela ha bona ba se hlahang ho yona glacial: letšeng Vivi, Essey, Agatha, Dyupkun. Hoo e ka bang kotara ea sebakeng sa setereke le teng ka hare ho Arctic Circle, ho na le permafrost. Ba bang kaofela ba limela li entsoe ka meru. Ka boroa, ke phaene le kedare, ho ea ka leboea, ba ile ba ba nkeloa sebaka ke morung larch. Ka matsoapo - tundra ea mosses le boriba. Ka naha ea mehloli Evenkia tse peli - Putoransky le Tunguska.

liphoofolo

Matla maemo a klimate a leha ho le joalo ho dumella baahi phehellang ho etsa lihlapi. Ke lehae la ho sable, ermine, ba batsho le silevera phokojoe. Di hlahiswa bakeng sa pelts khoebong ea boea. Ka metsi a haholo ea litlhapi morung - hlaha likhama merung - liphoofolo tse ling. Mona o ka kopana le sootho bere, Siberia le Arctic phiri, lent, mink, Kangna, muskrat, phokojoe tšoeu.

baahi

About 18 likete batho hona joale ba lule ho sebaka sena. Motse-moholo oa hae - Tour motse. Evenk ikemetseng ka Area na le tlaase haholo baahi segokanyipalo - ka 0,03 batho ka 1 sq. km SE. The ho hloka mosebetsi molao tlalehiloeng ke tlaase - ka 4%. Moruong a sebetsang a baahi - 9000, e leng ka 1/3 tsa baahi bohle. The sebetsa-lilemo tse amanang 62%, tse fetang lilemo tse - 12%, tlas'a - 26%. Evenkia basali ho feta banna ba: 53% vs. 47 bongata ea baahi ba lulang libakeng tsa mahaeng - 71%, baahi tsa litoropo - 29%. Sebopeho merabe ea Evenkia latelang:

• Russia - 60%,
• evenki- 21%
• Yakuts - 5%
• Maleka - 4.5%.
• Seukraine 3%
• tse ling - wa 6.5%.

moruo

karolo eo tau ea Evenkiya indasteri eohle, ho feta 97%, a dihlopha 3:

• mafura,
• motlakase,
• lijo.

Indasteri ea mafura a bontša tlhahiso ea oli le khase. Mona, hlano fumana masimo a le mehloli ea matlotlo ana. palo bona palo yohle e hakanyetsoa ho lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 1,1 likhoebo ho fetisisa kgolo - .. Of "nk," Yukos "JSC" Krasnoyarskgazprom "JSC" Yeniseineftegaz "palo yohle palo ea indasteri mafura e fetang 50% ka moruo.

Motlakase rarahaneng ae phethang 25% ya moruo seterekeng e. Matla a hlahisa eneji, le ho sebelisa mafura a disele. Kholo ka ho fetisisa ba bona ba - the State sebopego se se tshwaraganyang ENTERPRISE "Varanavaenergo" OGUP "Ilimpiyskie matla," Sue "Baikit tlhahiso ea lebatowa kgwebo ya utility setjhaba".

Ka ho hlahisa liindasteri tsa Evenkia indasteri ea lijo ae phethang hoo e ka bang 20%. E boholo ba kopanela tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa lebakeng.

Ka ho feta pele esita le temo le meru, 'me therepa. Ho na le ke ho atile likhama alosa, ho tsoma, fariki le tsa lebese likhomo.

pale

batho Evenki anciently ahileng libaka tsena pele e neng e lula libakeng tse khōlō ea Siberia - ka ob, River ka bophirimela ho Leoatle le Okhotsk ka bochabela, ho tloha Arctic ho ea Angara. Ba ne ba ka palo ka toka ea inyenyefatsang kolone ea masimong a joalo ea Siberia? The ntho e ke hore likhama alosa, ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho tsoma, Evenki ile a etella pele bophelong metebong. Ho phaella ho tšobotsi ena le tsamaiso ya e ka leboea ea batho e ne e e tlwaetsa bonolo ho maemo a le lecha la bophelo le boemo ba leholimo e fapaneng. Leha ho le joalo, li 'nile ikamahanya le maemo ho ka tsela e fapaneng ea bophelo le moruo.

Histori ea sebaka sena e le setereke wa taolo khale 1930. Joale e ntan'o ba 'muso oa Soviet Union o ile a qala ya ho theha e setereke ea sechaba. Sepheo se seholo e ne e le ho li tseba libakeng tsena, ho loantša se tsebe ho bala hōle lichaba matsoalloa a moo, boost moruo le setso sa baahi ba moo. Hamorao bo-rahistori ba hlokometse nako ena ke phetoho e bohale ka boemo ba profinseng eo. baahi ba moo ba hinterland seka-feudal isoa ho mehla ea madirelong.

North ntshetsopeleng o ile a qala ho haha ho Turin kultbazy. Evenki, ea neng a ka laola feela ka likhama sleigh 'me u fumane liphoofolo mehato ea bona, ba ithutile ho hola koro, litapole, meroho, ba ne ba ka kopanela husbandry liphoofolo. Ya e le hantle, ho ke ke e phihlello-pula-maliboho ba Soviet Union ba tlisoa ho sebakeng sena oa tsebo le phihlelo. Ka 1927, ho sepetlele pele ka Evenkia, mathomo sekolo e ile ea hahoa. Re ile ra qala ho phetha setifikaite ea baahi. Le se ka 1930 kenyelletsoa thuto mathomo qobelloang bakeng sa batho. Ka nako e tšoanang ba ile ba qala ho lokisetsa hantle setereke. Ho ne ho litselaneng tsa lehong, ka bophara Tours tsamaiso emisoa sekoere, lema lifate hae. Ka 1938, ho na le e ne e le poso. Ka 1968 ke ile ka ea pele o ile a bona helikopthara Evenki ikemetseng ka Area.

Nako fetohile hona joale, empa a sa ntse ho le thata ho nahana ka bophelo ba batho ba libaka tsena ntle le sephethephethe moea. The tšobotsi ka sehloohong - e leng sebaka ea tonanahali ea metsana le e mong le tse ling. Ka moeeng 'me hona joale ba lopolla lijo, thepa tse bonahalang, bapalami, basebetsi battlefield le litsomi, le sa buisane le balisa ba le.

Ka 1933, koranta ea pele e ile ea hatisoa ka Evenkia. Re hatisa ka thata, ka ho ba sieo ha motlakase lebili mochine oa ho thaepa spun letsoho Bahlophisi "Evenk". Kahoo baahi ba Evenkia qala ho amohela litaba ho tloha maqepheng a sa khatiso sa hatisoa.

Khutsitseng bophelo khotso qhetsola 1941. Ebe sireletsa naha ea habo hore a ka pele theoha batho 1816, ke ea bohlano ea baahi ba lilemong tseo. 306 baahi ba ba ne ba sa khutla battlefields ena. Ka mor'a ntoa mona tsohle hammoho tsosolosa moruo ba naha eo. Russia, Evenk le lichaba tse ling ba ile ba sebetsa ka mapolasi kopanetsweng, ba kopanela ho ikatisa likhama, husbandry liphoofolo, ho tsoma, ho tšoasa litlhapi, ho tsoma le khoebong ea boea. Basebetsi Lekhotla Policy e le tšekamelo ea ho maruo ea moo ea batho.

Ke bo-1950, boholo ba maemong a sa phahameng lula matsoalloa tsa Evenkia. Ho tloha ka 1970 ka mafolofolo a khanna ho etsa lipatlisiso ikemiseditse ho fumana liminerale. Ka nako e tšoanang ka potlako haha matlo matsoho tsa geologists le basebetsi indasteri ea oli. Ho tloha ka 1968, e le boemo ba e ntjha ya setso tsoa. Bakeng sa baahi ba moo ka ho eketsehileng ba ile ba qala ho retelehela cinema Union. Ka 1975, ho na le e ne e le TV le Evenkia. Ho putlama ha Soviet Union amehang bophelo ba seterekeng seo. indasteri All ga dirwa qala ho oela kantle.

kichineng

Lichaba tsohle na le ea sechaba ea eona cuisine, e leng se ka bolella lintho tse ngata ka ho fetisisa historing ea sebakeng seo 'me batho ba. Evenki o nako e telele e kopanela ea ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho tsoma. ba atisa ho epilwe ka litlhapi le papali, joalokaha ho ne ho hlokahala hore lijo. Feela karolo e itseng tse nyenyane setseng bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ka moso. Joale Evenk lijana lijana lokisetsa ho tswa venison, nama bere, tlhapi. Mona ba bang ba ratoang lijana e tloaelehileng ea lijo ea sechaba:

• Tyhemin. Sena sopho e entsoeng ka tlhapi, eo ikemiselitse ka caviar. O ile a rubbed ho fihlela le boreleli, ka nako eo eketsa metsi a phehile, beha morao shredded tlhapi, letsoai le linoko.
• Jukola Evenki. Sena ke lijo tsa setso tsa tlhapi a tsuba. Ho etsa hore ho, tlosa hlooho le mokokotlo, gutting. Ebe khaola ka le dikarolo telele tšesaane tsa tlhapi, etsa incisions sona ka hare. Ebe a tsuba ka mollo tlasa sekhurumetso koetsoeng, 'me joale omisitsoeng letsatsing yet. Ja tlhapi joalo, ke hlatsoitse fatse le tee.
• Omisitsoeng likhantsi. Ho lokisetsa nka setopo sa likhantsi hlaha, kha, gutted, ba tlosa letlalo le masapo kgolo. Joale a etsa fokotsa ho ka letsoele le otlolla ka sekhurumetso khethehileng akhotsoang sebakeng. Joalo nama mariha le sebediswa ho lokisetsa a ja sopho, 'me lijo.
• Besitse bere nama. Nama e khaola likoto tse nyenyane a bataletseng le magato aa mafura. Halikiloeng ka pane, joale eketsa lieiee le litapole. Sebeletsa chesa.
• Korczak. sejana ena e entsoe ka lebese likhama. Ho mafura haholo, kahoo hantle-chilled shapuoa e be bubble teteaneng. Korczak etsa qeto ea ho ja le scone le tee.

The thahasellisang ho fetisisa

• Area Evenkia e tšoana le sebaka sa linaheng tse kang Turkey le Chile.
• bohareng libaka tsa Russia - Lake Vivi, kapa ho ena boroa-ka bochabela la leoatle. boemo ena e fumanoa ka mor'a ho putlama ha USSR, ha meeli fetohile le hokahanyang le lecha ile ha thehoa. Ba bolela hore na academician Peter Bakut. La 27 August, 1992 ke ho theha sefika bophahamo ba 7 m.
• Feletseng batang ntlha ka Krasnoyarsk sebakeng - Tembenchi River, thempereichara e le mariha selemong mona - ho tloswa 70 ° C.
• 1908 libakeng tsena oela ho Tunguska meteorite.
• Hlollang a thuto.bafuputsi - Evenki ikemetseng ka Area. Cities na ha mona. 1 feela motse o monyenyane - Tour ho motse-moholo, e mong - e nyenyane ho fedisa mahaeng: libaesekele, ka potlako, Kuyumba, Miryuga, Osharova, Poligus, Suromay, Surinda, Kislokan, Nidym, Uchami, Vanavara le ba bang.
• Nako Evenkiya - Krasnoiarskii: tšoauoa ka mor'a lihora tse 7 ho tswa UTC le lihora tse 4 ho tloha Moscow.