Elizabethan baroque mehaho ea St Petersburg: tlhaloso, libōpeho le lintho tse khethollang

Elizabethan Baroque - the meralo le setaele e hlaha nakong ea puso ea Empress Elizabeth. The heyday tsa liphororong hae bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-XVIII. Meralo, moemeli oa mehleng oa mokhoa oa ho ngola ho fetisisa bolaeeng, e ile ea Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli (1700-1771). Ka tlotla ea ho ea hae Elizabethan Baroque hangata ho thoeng ke "Rastrelli".

pele ho eena

Ea puso ea Peter e Moholo o ile a etsa liphetoho tse ngata bophelong ba setso tsa naha. Motse-moholo e ncha e ile ea hahoa ka mokhoa oa mehaho, ea huleloa ho thehiloeng litekanyetsong tsa Europe la mehaho. Ena ke nako ea ho thoeng Petrine baroque, bululetsoeng ke Jeremane, Hollanti le Sweden mehlala ea mehaho. Mokhoa oa ho ngola e ncha ke hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng hole ea ka neano ea Byzantium, ba ne ba thabela ho lekana ka maemo 'me kamehla o ile a re ka mehaho Russia ka lilemo tse makholo. Le Baroque a bitsa tlas'a maemo haholo. The mehaho ea nako hoo e ka bang ne ke sa tsebe tlokomang Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle, qalong ikhethang setaele.

Petrose 'me Elizabethan Baroque, nkeloa sebaka e, na ho se tšoane' maloa tsa bohlokoa. Last ananelang lineano tsa Moscow mehaho ea XVII morao -. Tšimoloho ea lekholong la XVIII, o ile a khutlela sekemeng sefapano domed tsa kaho ea litempele, onion le pere e bōpehileng joaloka coatings le khabisitsoeng le.

idiosyncrasy

Boto e monyenyane morali oa Peter e Moholo o ne a hlokomela khōlo ea boemo matla le bolaoli, ea matlafatsang ba boholo ba naha eo. mokhoa ona ka ha ama mehaho ena. Elizabethan Baroque St. Petersburg le naheng e 'ngoe e se e le mohlala oa sebele oa matla a puso. Re ela hloko tse ling tse khethollang ba mokhoa ona:

• hlollang fapaneng likarolo khabisitsoeng;

• ductility le matla liforomo meralo;

• fapaneng tlhakantsuke mmala ka bokantle ba;

• tshebediso ya pilasters le litšiea tse tharo-kotara;

• boithabiso le le ho hongata haholo ea ho dintlha le khabisitsoeng le ka interiors ea;

• le khutlele ho tse ling meetlo ea mehaho ea boholo-holo Russia.

setaele Maestro

pōpo ea hae ea pele o ne a bōpiloe ka Courland Rastrelli bakeng khosana Biron. Joale a ea e-ba setsebi sa meralo ea ka sehloohong oa Anna Ivanovna, 'me qetellong Elizabeth. Mathoasong a 40-ogy tsa lekholong la lilemo la XVIII Rastrelli etetse Moscow, moo a neng a ena le monyetla oa ho fumana tloaelana le disampole wa marena mehaho Serussia. E le bahlahlobisisi ba supa, ke e khutsoanyane leeto amme mosebetsi o eketsehileng oa mong'a ka, 'me, ka lebaka leo, ka sefahleho sa Petersburg morao-rao le eena.

Mohaho oa pele, e hahiloeng ke Rastrelli ke odara ya Empress, le ileng la qala ka botumo ba hae, e ne e le lehlabula 'me ntlo ea borena. Ka bomalimabe, mohaho ona o ne o sa sireletsoa hobane e ne e le lehong. Ka mor'a moo, ka likhato sa tšoaneng tsa ho kenya letsoho, o ile a sebetsa mesebetsing ea 'maloa:

• Grand Palace ka Peterhof (1747-1752);

• St. Andrew o Cathedral Kiev (penta seketshe moaho ka 1747);

• rearrangement Tsarskoselskogo Catherine Palace (1752-1757).

Moaho molelelehadi motseng

The Mariha Palace e ne e le e mong oa mesebetsi ea ho qetela ea Rastrelli. Mohaho moo Hermitage e teng kajeno, 'me kajeno bontša Elizabethan Baroque mong le e mong. Kaho ba ile ba qala ka 1754. sebakeng lona tšoana le ho limithara tse lisekoere 60.000 le na le 1500 likamore. mohaho oo e neng e le molemo ka ho fetisisa har'a mehaho tsohle tsa bolulo motseng oo. Sena o ile a nka tlhokomelo ya moemphera ka o ile a ntša molao-taelo hanela ho haha ho feta meaho phahameng-phahama. Le ka lebaka la ha e le whim ea naha, 'me ha e le hantle hore Rastrelli balwa le boholo loketseng tsa moaho amanang le ho e le bophara, ka karolelano ea Neva. Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tse qaqileng tsa seo a se fumaneng di ntse se tsebahalang le bafuputsi ba ile ba qala ho bontša ka ho hlaka hore ha e le hantle ena e ne e le ha ho na ho feta ho e iqapetsoeng. Leha ho le joalo, molao-taelo tieo ya sebediswa.

lebaleheng botle

Tlatsa kahong ea Mariha Palace tlas'a Catherine II le ka ntle ho Rastrelli: Empress pushed eena, eaba li khetha Felten, Vallin de Mothe, Rinaldi le Betsky. mohaho oo e undergone reconstructions 'maloa le khutliselitse, empa kajeno u ka bona lintlha tse qaqileng tsa rerile Rastrelli le bōpileng tlas'a boeta-pele ba hae. Tlokomang fihlela qetellong, bath tsa Baroque setaele dikgetho, fana ka ntlong ea borena ka ponahalo ea mokete. mehaho mohaho o nang le morethetho ikhethang ho bopa lenaneng la, ka nako eo arohantsoe ke hōle haholo, ka nako eo bokella mangata joaloka, risalits (e hlaheletseng ho likarolo tse ling tsa mohaho oo ka bophahamo ba eona e tsohle), kenella dikhutloteng.

The kene lekokong tobane le Palace Square, Rastrelli fuoa khoro. Ka pōpo ea lona meralo ea o ile a bululeloa ha etsa Litokiso Palace ka Strelna. Ho pheta-pheta Kaho repainted. Qalong, 'mala ka sehloohong e ne e le mofuthu ocher, likarolo tse arohaneng (warantha inlay) abelwa tšoeu kalaka. Kajeno, ntlo ea borena mabota na le emeralde Hue. Ka lekhetlo la pele e le ba ba ka e le qalo ea e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa.

Smolny Cathedral

Ho nkoa ka holimo ho bōpa Rastrelli Smolny baitlami. Elizabethan baroque mehaho ea mohaho ona khanya ka bokhabane bohle ba eona. Smolny Cathedral, e elements bohareng ba libini, o ne a ile a theha la 30 October, 1748. Ka ho toba a okametse mosebetsi oa ho meralo Christian Knobel, empa mongoli ea morero oa kaho e Rastrelli.

Cathedral khabisitsoeng plurality likarolo khabisitsoeng: dormer, arcuate (luchkovye) gables, mangeloi le mepotjoana. Qalong ea meralo ea ho haha e ile ea ho haha mohaho o ka ea mohlala European - ka Dome ngoe. Elizabeth o ne a sa lumellane le joalo tharollo le tsitlella la hlano domed makhotla bath tloaelehileng. Leha ho le joalo, ho ke ke ho haha tempele ke ea le 'ngoe feela, ho Dome kholo ka ho fetisisa. E e hlaha ka moropa o na le ne le roetse helmete e bōpehileng joaloka le topped le bulbous hlooho. E mong domes mane - ka tšepe tora.

Cathedral pono arotsoe likarolo tse peli. E mong e akarelletsa karolo e ka tlaase ea kene lekokong la, ponahalo ea hae kaofela tšoanang ntlo ea borena. Ea bobeli - ho hula ka domes tse hlano - bobebe le mehaho lona tsamaisanang le setšoantšo se tloaelehileng ho tempele. Smolny Cathedral khahloa ke batho ba mehleng ea tse ngata Rastrelli. Kajeno e le e mong oa mehaho e metle ka ho fetisisa ea Elizabethan mehaho baroque ea Saint Petersburg. Ho e teng ka Rastrelli Square sebakeng bohareng ba motse.

pōpo ea Kvasova

Holim'a le Catherine Palace e Tsarskoye Selo le Rastrelli sebelitse le Litsebi tse ling tsa baroque Elizabethan: Zhenya Vasilevich Kvasov le Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky. bahlahlobisisi ba mehleng ea kajeno ba hlokomela mongoli oa pele oa 'Moloki oa ka Haymarket. kereke ena e thehiloe ka 1753. Ho fihlela ho hona joale ho 'nile a sireletsa feela lifoto: ka 1938 ho ile ha koaloa,' me ka 1961 - letsa tsoha. Lekholong la ea leshome le metso e robong, ho Bongoli ea kereke ngotsoe Rastrelli, empa litsebi tse ngata morao-rao sa lumellane.

Bakeng sa barab'abo rōna ba Razumovsky Kvass bōpileng matlo a borena ka Kozelets, Gostilitsy le Znamenka (Bongoli ho qetela e ntse e tsosang khang). Ka 1748 o ile a tsamaea ho Ukraine, moo o ile a sebetsa mesebetsing ea ka Seukraine setaele Baroque.

Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky

Ka Tsarskoye Selo porojeke e ne Chevakinsky emisoa meaho e 'meli ea Catherine Palace, Pavilion "Monbijou", leo ho fihlela letsatsing lena ha e so bolokoa, matlo bakeng sa basebetsi. Ho phaella moo, meralo ea ho haha ho akarelletsa pōpo ea pavilion "Hermitage".

Chevakinsky ne ka sehloohong ea lebotho la metsing meralo. O leihlo kaho ea tsa polokelo sehlekehlekeng sa "New Holland" le e ntshetswa pele moralo bakeng sa ho haha le Kronstadt. Elizabethan Baroque phethile Chevakinsky fumana litšobotsi tse khethehileng. Architects hangata e sebelisa mahlaseli a litšiea tse tharo bakeng sa ae kgabisa likhutlong, e teiloeng mathule tšepe le ka masakaneng le mohlala Kukat.

St. Nicholas sesole sa metsing Cathedral

Sehlahisoa se seholo sa Chevakinsky - St. Nicholas sesole sa metsing Cathedral. Ho e teng sebakeng sa St. Nicholas oa St. Petersburg 'me ke e mong oa baemeli ba ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa baroque Elizabethan.

Cathedral ne e hahiloe ho tloha 1753 ho selemo 1762. Ka ho ya ka mohaho ona o ke sefapano. Ba ka sehloohong le khabisitsoeng le elements Nicholas Cathedral ke litšiea Korinthe, litsoeng ka samente trima, e entablement le mekoallo theha ka mathule ka. Building ntlha ya hodimo cupolas hlano manehiloe.

Elizabethan Baroque, eo life tse tšohliloeng sehloohong sena ha e sa ka mokhoa hlaheletseng ka mor'a lefu la Elizabeth. mokhoa ona meralo le hoo e ka bang jala litoropong la provense. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa oa ho ngola a bonahatsa, eseng feela ka mosebetsi oa St. Petersburg baetsi ba litšoantšo. Elizabethan Baroque e akarelelitsoeng ho ka mesebetsi ea Litsebi tsa Moscow, haholo-holo D. V. Uhtomskogo le I. F. Michurina.