Darwin Reserve: 'muso sa lihlekehleke peat

Biosphere mehloli - ka ho khethehileng a khetha a sireletsa libakeng tse etselitsoeng ho sireletsa tlhaho intša laolang tsamaiso e khopo ea tlhaho. Nature libakeng tsena hangata angoang, "e hlaha" kapa hanyenyane fetoloa ke lintho tseo batho ba. Biosphere mehloli Russia, hammoho le bohle mefuta e meng ea libakeng tse sireletswa, ka botlalo le fetoletsoeng e le ka nģ'ane ho mosebetsi ofe kapa ofe a moruo. mekhatlo tsena sebetsa ka mmeedi tsa Program World, tse reretsoeng ho bontša kamano homolog pakeng tsa monna le tlhaho.

Har'a Russia libaka biosphere tšireletso ea phetha karolo ea bohlokoa Darwin Reserve. Histori ea pōpo lona le ntshetsopele e bontša ho ameha ka ho Reserve, tse bontshang mmuso.

Ka 1941, ha ke le mateano ba libaka tse tharo - Yaroslavl, Tver le Vologda - e ne e hahiloe ho Rybinsk pokello. The Great rata naha Ntoa e sa lumelloa ho qala hang-hang ho ithuta tshusumetso lona ka ho fetoha ha tlelaemete. Empa hang ka mor'a hore, lehlabuleng la 1945, ka kotloloho ho hlokomela liphetoho ka mofuta le tlas'a tšusumetso ea pokello ea, Darwin Reserve ho ile ha thehoa.

Kajeno, sebakeng sena o ile a sireletsa koahela 112.000 ly, feela halofo ea eona e teng ka naha: ba bang kaofela ba lula metsi mabopong.

Mariha tsa 2002 Darwin pokello kenyelelitsoe lethathamong machaba oa mehloli ea bohlokoa ka biosphere.

naheng ea pokello ea - e ke haholo-holo mabalane lebōpong la Leoatle le Rybinsk, litutulu hill le o molelele o, ba bonolo, joalokaha eka receding ka maralla a hole: mesaletsa ea thaba ea leqhoa prehistoric. Letša swale tloaelehile, kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa tsona e nkoa Morotskoe tšoere ka bang 700 hektare.

Darwin pokello e tsotehang bakeng sa kontinenteng tlelaemete lona mocheso. Ho e ntle haholo ka ho ea lehlabula, ha mocheso karolelano ke + 18 °, e seng ho bata haholo mariha, hobane a batang ho feta ho -10 ° ke ka seoelo.

Naha ea pokello biosphere ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa meru ea lona mokhoabong le mekhoabong, hlaha fetang 17.000 lilemong tse fetileng. Bo-rasaense ba fumane hore mekhoabong tsena tsa bōptjoa ka 'esita le ka Late nako poso-glacial.

Kajeno, sehlaha sa selemo le selemo le bakang sebakeng sireletswa tsa mefuta e fetang 15 ea linonyana seoelo, o nako e telele e ne e akarelletsa ho Red Book. Bopaki ba tshebetso atlehang oa pokello ea fetohile hoo e ka bang timele ka Russia whooper likhantsi, ba nakong e fetileng o ile a qala ho sehlaha le bakang naheng ea pehelo ka. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho bona ka pokello sete ea nesting ba batsho grouse, capercaillie, le segokanyipalo sa baahi ba linonyana tsa phofu e phahame ho feta kae kapa kae e mong lefatšeng.

Ho na le boetse ho na le limela tse ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book. Paltsekornik Traunshteynera, disilipara sebele, epipogium leafless le ba bang ba mefuta e meng e atlehang ka libaka sireletsoa. Limela ka sehloohong - phaene meru. Leha ho le joalo, metsi a sa tebang fumana mofuthu nakong ea lehlabula, kahoo ho na le hōle haholo tsa litlama fapaneng le lihlahla Hornwort, sparganium, pondweed le joalo ke ba ruileng pokello. Frutos: monokotsoai, Cranberry, Blueberry.

Bakeng sa bahahlauli ka periphery ea sebakeng seo a hlophisa leeto la tataisoang. Ha a ntse a tsamaea ka eona ho ka le hōjana ho bona bokotokwe fofang, likolobe-moru tse hlaha, liphokojoe, 'me ka linako tse ling libere sootho. Leha ho le joalo, liboka tse joalo li kotsi haholo: liphoofolo ikutloa u phutholohile 'me u se ke ua rata baeti.

pokello e hlophisitse Musiamo oa Nature. Ho eona - pokello ruileng ea "Russia" ea lirurubele, ea lefatše ho ea pele ba polasi ya capercaillie.

Empa mohlomong e ikhethang ka ho fetisisa sehlekehlekeng sena ke peat pokello. Ka mor'a se qalang tsa Rybinsk pokello peat bogs ne a tletse metsi. Ka lilemo tse ngata, likarolo tse peat a phaphametse ka holimo 'me ke kene ho fihlela ba ne ba sa ile a khaotsa ho lihlahla kapa litšitiso tse ling. Ha nako e ntse, lihlekehlekeng tsena peat limela ho na le, 'me esita le kajeno ho na le lifate.

2000 Darwin pokello akarelletsa World Biosphere Reserve System.