Architecture le bokgabane litšobotsi tsa Amiens Cathedral

Amiens Cathedral ke e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa Europe la lithulusi Gothic mehaho. Ke tempele ena e ntle haholo motseng oa Amiens (France), sebakeng se hlaheletseng ka ho sebaka seo e tsejoang e le "Phula ea Fora Colored".

motse Amiens

motse ona o ka leboea, hoo e ka bang halofo ea tsela pakeng tsa Belgium le Paris, ka Somme, km 55 ho tloha English Channel (boroa-bochabela). Amiens - ke amoheloe, e khōlō le e khanyang ea motse, o lutse har'a lirapa tse tala le Sommskogo metsi le kanaleng, eo ka bolulong ngata fokotsa eona. E ile ea tsosolosoa ka mor'a kōpo ea ka nako ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, le thipitlo hoo e ka bang ho tswa ho mengoapo le hona joale ke setsi se seholo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lieta le masela, boenjiniere le mechine le metallurgy, indasteri ea lijo. Bakeng sa khatholohile telele tsamaea ka Boulevard le alleys Linden. Zhyul Vern tseba etsa qeto ea ho etsa sekhutlo sena sa fekthering, moo o ile a ea hoo e ka bang letsatsi le letsatsi u ka atamela ho hōle linaheng tse monahanong.

Metjha e pota Amiens Cathedral

Cathedral Sena ke kerekeng e khōlō tsa babishopo ba K'hatholike. Sebaka kaofela ho potoloha e koahetsoeng ka metjha e. Ba etsa marangrang eohle. 55 km SE - palo yohle bolelele. melatsoana tsena li ne li cheka lilemo tse makholo tse fetileng ke Baroma. Cathedral ho tloha 1981 e tlas'a UNESCO tšireletso, kaha ke World Heritage Site. Toropo French tsa Amiens, ho phaella moo, tsebahalang le liemahale tse ling tsa bolumeli, e leng tse ngata mona.

History of moaho

Re na le thahasello ka ho kereke e khōlō e hahiloeng holim'a lona ho tlotla St. Mary. E boetse e tsejoa e le Cathedral of Lady Our tsa Amiens. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba bangata ba ntse ba rata lipuo tse ling. Ho kerekeng e khōlō kholo ka ho fetisisa Europe. Ho boetse ho na le e 'ngoe ea likereke tsa lefatše ho ea kholo ka ho fetisisa Gothic.

Amiens Cathedral e ile ea hahoa setšeng sa mohaho khale, eo ka 1218 e ile chesoa ke lehalima. Ho ea ka mantsoe ana a ngotsoeng ka mesaletsa ea "labyrinth", timetsoa ka 1825, 'kaho lona ile qalile ka qetellong ea ka bophirimela ka 1220. Ka 1236, th kaba naves ba ile ba phethoa. Hor - ho 1247-limithara, empa e angoa ke mollo ka nakoana ka mor'a hore phethehile. Foromo ea ho qetela ea hae o ile a nka ka 1269. Morao lekholong la bo13 la lilemo, e kene lekokong bophirimela o ile a tlisoa ho lirosa. Leha ho le joalo, lekholong la bo15 la lilemo e ka buuoa ka makhetlo nhat. Ka nako e tšoanang karolo e ka holimo ea eona li phethiloe.

Ho ea ka mengolo e reng "labyrinth" lihahi ne benghali ba tse tharo: Tom de Khao Cormon hammoho le mora oa hae, Rene De Cormon, le Robert ba luzarches. Ba ile ba sebetsa ka nako ho tloha 1220 ke 1228, ke hore, ka nako e tšoanang ha benghali ba bang emisoa Reims Cathedral. Buttresses e le litekanyetso pele e se e ile ea eketseha lilemong tsa bo-bo13 morao, 'me ho sa tšoaneng pakeng tsa bona e ile ea matlo a thapelo.

Cathedral Architecture

Chartres Cathedral ile a sebeletsa e le mohlala bakeng sa kaho ea Amiens. Sena Basilica a mararo-nave le karolo tse tsoetseng pele tsa k'hoaere ea le transept bophara. Choir ea Cathedral pota-potiloe ke moqhaka oa matlo a thapelo. palo ea bona e fihla a supileng. Ka karolelano ea tsena ka nako e tšoanang ka matla pushed pele. Tharo naves ke transept. Joaloka Chartres, sredokrestiya setsi ketekeloang hong le bohareng ba mohaho ba bacha ka kaho kang Amiens Cathedral. morero oa hae, leha ho le joalo, le batla le e fapaneng ho tloha Chartres.

Cathedral of Amiens ke kholo ka ho fetisisa ho tsohle tsa tsona li Fora. bolelele ba eona (e) e limithara tse 118 (ntle le bohareng projecting Chapel), le nave bophahamo karolelano fihla limithara tse 42,3. E le bophara ba naves sa (ho sa ballwe lehlakoreng ntlo ea thapelo) - limithara tse 33, transept - limithara tse 59, 'me likarolo tse choral - 48 limithara tse.

kereke e khōlō Sena ke karo-karolelano e tšoanang pakeng tsa bophara ea bohareng le lehlakoreng aisles ba se seholo "sekepe", jwalo ka Reims. Ho ka 9:14. Empa ka Reims kerekeng e khōlō lisekoere ke joang bo aisles, 'me ka Amiens ba likhutlo li' nè (ka 9h7 limithara). limithara tse 14 e le bophara ba nave ena.

Hare-hare ho kerekeng e khōlō ea Amiens ke e 'ngoe. O butle bulela, ka botebo, ka 'nģa tsohle. Sebopeho sa nave ke haholo bonolo: bophahamo kakaretso ea e bisects le cornice ba le litekanyetso pele. Longitudinal Arcade tshwerweng phahameng, ae phethang le halofo ka tlase. Ka ba bolelele ba limithara tse 18 ho na le metso ea sona e qhobosheaneng, ha 9.5 go feela limithara e bophahamo ba Arcade ea tummeng Parisian kerekeng e khōlō.

Mohaho o ka boroa e ile ea hahoa ho pota 1366, 'me ka leboea - ka 1401-m. mehaho Gothic tsa kerekeng e khōlō, esita le ka litekanyetso tsa kajeno ke keng ea lekanngoa. Amiens Cathedral, hammoho le Reims le Chartres bopa a Halalelang-bo-bong Kereke ea Fora, e ba 'nile ba e mong ea bitsoang ka kgetho ya classics ea lekholo la bo13 la lilemo' me e phahameng gotika setaele.

Leano meralo ea mohaho re na le thahasello ka ho e tšoanang le ea tse ling tse cathedrals Gothic ea Mehla e Bohareng, ho akarelletsa le Paris-Notre Dame. baeti ba hona joale ba na le monyetla o ikhethang oa ho tlōla ka bophirimela tora, teng ka marulelong a mohaho me ho tloha moo ba thabela maikutlo a hlollang ea motse Fora.

liheke tsa Amiens

Gates of Kahlolo monyako ka sehloohong ho kerekeng e khōlō ea Amiens ile ea bitsoang. Marako a mohaho ba khabisitsoeng ka litšoantšo tse fapa-fapaneng tsa bolumeli, e leng se bontšang tsoho hlapaolwa le bolokoa Molimo le Mora oa timelong ea batho le ho tloha molomong oa eona ka lisabole tse peli et al a. Heke sebakeng ka bophirimela kene lekokong la lehlakoreng le letona inehetseng ho Maria. Hore a ke patroness tsa kerekeng e khōlō ea. Ka lehlakoreng le letšehali la liheke tsa kene lekokong la inehetseng ho mobishopo oa pele oa Amiens, ho Firmin Halalelang.

khanya bontša

Ho tloha ho 1 December ho 1 January, hammoho le Keresemese, e Cathedral e le karolo ea lenaneo khanya totobatsa mabone motle haholo. Tikoloho ya mantsiboea tlatsana le meriti ea boselamose, 'mino le ho bapala la leseli. Hangata mor'a metsotso 45 ho fihlela lenaneo matha, u ka shebella sebonoang hlollang. Sena selotlolo 'mala mabone le' mala kene lekokong la kerekeng e khōlō ea Amiens. Ka papali ea leseli le moriti, ho a belaetsa rekoa ka talimela. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho kene lekokong la, e 'ngoe ka mor'a e totobatsa a mang liemahale, teng ka kene lekokong ka bophirimela ea kerekeng e khōlō ea Amiens.

The liemahale tsa Ioanna Krestitelya hare kerekeng e khōlō ea

Sena karete ea khoebo ea motseng oa Amiens e hlollang. Hang ka hare, u hlokomela hore ha feela mokhabiso Link e fapaneng bokhabane. Ka hare kerekeng e khōlō ea ke liemahale tsa Ioanna Krestitelya. Ka hare ho marako a hae ka hloko 'na hlooho ea mohalaleli e le mohloli oa pholiso le sepheo se ka sehloohong sa leeto letšoele la ba balumeli. Ho ka liemahale tsena, ho ea ka tsa khale-dilekanyi, Amiens Cathedral lula tsoa kotsi nakong ea libomo tsa Manazi. Atamela ho marako a oona, likhetla fetohile tsela 'me ka tsela ea tlisoa ka lifofane tse fetileng.

Ha Keresemese e ketekoang, batho ba likete ba barapeli ba bokella tlasa arches ea kereke e khōlō ea. Ba bangata ba bona tla mona ba tsoang likarolong tse fapaneng tsa lefatše.

Liemahale, ka hare

Ke sitoa ho hlalosa ka khanya ea tempele. Cathedral, mosesaane tora libini e hlaba sepakapakeng, a tletse molumo oo le nyakallo. Sifted bonolo mookoli mala silafalitsoeng khalase khanya lahlela ke lipontso iridescent ka sredokrestiem sebakeng e le setsi sa kamoreng. Bongata ba litšoantšo tsa lihlooho tsa Bibele tlhomololang le bokhabane ba meleng e ka kene lekokong. palo ea bona palo yohle e ka 4500. Leha ho le joalo Amiens Cathedral Fora, ho sebelisa mokhabiso sculptural hase joaloka batho ba barui, 'me e le Reims. O boetse o tlaasana ho ea bobeli ya ka dipehelo tsa boleng. Leha ho le joalo, Amiens kerekeng e khōlō portals na liemahale maloa babatsehang, ka kalafo kakaretso le boholo eo evinces baanelwa le polelo e reng kelellong.

The boheme ikhethang le botle ba litsoantso tse betliloeng ho "Golden madonna madonna self". Ke lehakoe sebele mofapa-hlooho e. Ka mahlaseli a ea letsatsi, litsoantso tse betliloeng ena hlahang ka phatsima khotso. Master pōpong ena e atleha ho bontša botle, ho hloka molato le ho hloka sekoli moea. Madonna ft teng ka lebaka la litšoantšo tsa ea Baapostola. Lipalo kaofela fana ka mele ea tlhaho. Kaofela ba ile ba bua le e mong le e tse ling tse (baapostola ba - lihlopha di behuwe ka bobedi Maria - Baby), finyelleha phela.

Palo ea Kreste, teng e bohareng ea-portal bohareng, khetholloa ka tsela e bonolo lona ka ho phethahetseng proportioned le hlomphehang. Ka batho, e ka linako tse ling se bitsoang "Molimo ea phethahetseng oa Amiens."

Ground portals libaka adorns medallions tse ngata, tse reliefs le likhoeli tsa selemo, lipontšo tsa zodiake, joalo-joalo.

History of setaele Gothic

Gothic setaele hlaha lilemong tsa bo-bo12 lekholong la lilemo la Fora. The bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa la mesebetsi ea hae e ka hare ho naha ena ke cathedrals ea Reims, Amiens le Chartres. France lula e le palo e khōlō ea liemahale tsa mokhoa oa ho ngola Gothic, ho tloha cathedrals khōlō ho matlo a thapelo. Lekholong la bo15 la lilemo, e le nako ea "Flamboyant Gothic", mehlala e 'maloa feela tsa tsona li ile tsa pholoha. Ena, ka mohlala, Paris Tower Saint-Jacques le Rouen Cathedral (e mong oa portals hae).

Features ya Gothic Cathedral of Amiens

Ke fragmentation le sebaka ho itsehla thajana meaho Romanesque ho kopanya fapaneng likarolo tlhaloganya sebaka le bolokolohi ba ho tlhaloso, joalokaha ho boletsoe ka Paris Cathedral, e Gothic e etsoe ka tsela ea fetang halofo ea lekholong la lilemo la. Leha ho le joalo, ho ke ke ka Amiens Cathedral, o ile a kaho ea sebaka, classic bakeng sa hae. Ho lokolloa ka litekanyo tsohle tswa pharela botekgeniki, ha lula ho hlaka tsa tectonic le hahang tlhaloso ea mela, meqolo le matšoele potolohileng e. Ho ba le tokoloho, e leng etsa hore sebaka sa expressivity ka Cathedral ea ho jara thepa ea motheo, diffuse leseli, ho fana ka tse tharo-tlhakore sebopeho softness - tsohle ena etsa hore o qetile ka bophara mehaho ena e kang Amiens Cathedral. makgetheng bokgabane ea tempele ena re lumella ho mo bitsa e mong oa mehaho e ngata hlollang lefatšeng.

kereke e khōlō ena e bapisoa ka linako tse ling le ea boholo-holo Segerike Parthenon. The mekhabisong haholo le ho enneng khabisitsoeng hlile o beha taba ka par, e le pōpo ea moholo ka ho fetisisa ea mehaho lefatshe.