Akira theo gun Cervical le makala a sona: sebopeho le mosebetsi

Ho thata ho feteletsa bohlokoa le bohlokwa ba akira theo gun cervical. makala a sona le khannoang karolo ea mesifa ea matšoafo le ho tiisa hore a latele moo ho buuoang mosebetsi wa mesifa ea molaleng. Ka lebaka leo, bolwetse ea akira theo gun cervical mesebetsi ea bohlokoa e ka litsebeng.

human anatomy

Cervical akira theo gun e di behuwe ka bobedi le e rarahaneng ea thehoa ke makala a ka pele ka holimo cervical lesapo la mokokotlo le metso methapo ea kutlo. makala a sona go tlaleletswa ke loops tharo arcuate interconnecting stubs eaba ba etsa akira theo gun.

Ba bang ba mehloli kopana e le ka mahetla e entsoeng ka e ka tlaase halofo ea cervical metso methapo ea kutlo le ho tse peli tse ka holimo thoracic. Ka mehloli tsena builoeng cervico-brachial akira theo gun entsoeng ka lesapo la mokokotlo methapo cervical likarolo lesapo la mokokotlo, le tse peli tse ka holimo thoracic methapo lesapo la mokokotlo.

sebopeho sa naha

Tsebo ya sebopeho sa naha ya akira theo gun cervical thusa ho utloisisa tse maemo a tsa bongaka etsa hore ho se sebetse ea metso ea sona. Bakeng sa litsebi, litaba tsena ke tsa bohlokoa ka lebaka, ka ho tseba boqapi ba ea akira theo gun le, ho ba bonolo ho qoba sephetho mpe ka mo nakong ya mekgwa ya tshebetso e sa tšoaneng ea meriana.

Cervical akira theo gun teng ka boemo ba ka holimo vertebrae tse 'nè tsa lesapo la mokokotlo cervical. Ntse koahetsoeng ka lehlakoreng le lateral le ka pele sternocleidomastoid mesifa, ho itšetlehile ka ka pele-lehlakoreng la sehlopha sa mesifa tebileng molaleng.

Sebopeho le Function

Ho tloha cervical makala akira theo gun na le bobeli afferent le efferent likhoele methapo ea kutlo, ba sebetsa ka mesebetsi nahanela le tsa likoloi.

Ka lebaka leo, ka ho hlōloa ha dibopeho tsa akira theo gun cervical tla hlajoa ke libakeng tsena ka bobeli.

makala dilenaneo

Muscular kapa dilenaneo methapo cervical akira theo gun, branching ea haufi mesifa molaleng, fella ka mokhatlo oa bona; le ho phaella moo, ba le seabo ho thehoe ho thoeng molaleng loops entsoeng ka ho theoha ea lekala ea methapo ea kutlo hypoglossal , le likhoele methapo ea kutlo, extending ho tloha ba le motso oa ea methapo ea kutlo akira theo gun. mosebetsi oa eona ke ho innervation tsa mesifa, tse teng ka tlase ho mabapi le ho se lesapo hyoid.

E lokela ho ile a bolela hore, le trapezoidal, 'me mesifa sternocleidomastoid e hape innervated ke likhoele methapo ea kutlo, extending ho tswa ho ya metsamao ya mmele le motso oa akira theo gun cervical.

felloa lefapha

Nahanela cervical akira theo gun innervation e fanoa ke seo ho thoeng ke letlalo makala a sona, e leng e khōlō tsebe methapo ea kutlo, methapo ea kutlo tse nyenyane occiput ho parola cervical le supraclavicular methapo.

phrenic methapo ea kutlo

Sena ke ea lekala e 'ngoe ea akira theo gun cervical, le nang le karolo e thahasellisang: ka e le karolo ea methapo ea kutlo phrenic na le dilenaneo faeba, branching ka diaphragm e le ho etsa hore ho ho fallela,' me tsa mamela, ho fana ka innervation ho pericardium, pleura le peritoneum.

methapo ea kutlo ena e nkoa e le ea lekala bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ba hore etsa akira theo gun cervical, e lebisoa ho diaphragm, 'me e hona joang kapa joang isang ho lahleheloa ke paresis lesoba sa tšoaneng ho tiea kapa shoele litho. boemo ba motho ba joalo e ea bongaka a bontša ho hlōleha ho hema, ho fihlela ho e matla tsa lona.

Maemong a mang, ha e amehang, akira theo gun cervical, 'me ka ho khetheha, phrenic methapo ea kutlo bolwetse bontša sethoathoa clonic ka diaphragm, e leng ntle hlaha ka hiccup ka.

phepelo ea mali

Mohloli o ka sehloohong oa mehaho e matleng a ea karolong e ka holimo ea lesapo la mokokotlo cervical ke makala tse nyenyane tsa mothapo vertebral, eo, ho nka hlahang ho yona ho tloha mothapo ho subclavian, e hlaha hammoho le lesapo la mokokotlo ho fihlela, kenang cavity cranial, le ho fana ka bolelele ba eona makala kaofela bakeng sa phepelo ea mali ho dibopeho anatomical ea lesapo la mokokotlo cervical.

The bolwetse ba akira theo gun cervical

Lipontšo tsa akira theo gun cervical hlaha ka mokgwa wa enjene, kutlo le mafu trophic. rarahana e bakoang ke motsoako oa matšoao a ka sebopeho sa likhoele methapo ea kutlo na mesebetsi e fapaneng. Ho tlola amanang rasephethephethe tiriso, e fanang ka makala ho innervate akira theo gun cervical. Human anatomy e joalo hore le hlōloa ha e mong le e tsa metso le bothata ba mesebetsi tsohle tse tharo.

ntša kotsi khoneha

1. Ho sithabela, tse kang dislocation kapa subluxation tsa vertebrae cervical, matetetso kapa likotsi neonatal tsoalo.
2. The compression lefu ka compression neoplasm, likhechana lesapo, hematoma kapa tlamisa (haeba hampe huleloa leoto immobilization).
3. Tšoaetsanoang le a hlabang diso hore ka feta akira theo gun cervical tsa methapo ea kutlo lesapo la mokokotlo ka mora e tshwaetso (herpes tšoaetso, ntaramane-joaloka lethopa, 'metso, mokaola).
4. Chefo etiology tsa plexitis cervical. Joalo mothofatso e ke khoneha ho diso tšebeliso e mpe ea hlophisitsoeng joala, kapa tabeng ea chefo morethetho o boima.
5. Haholo hypothermia (hypothermia) ho ka etsa hore ho ruruha ea likutu le methapo ea kutlo.
6. Alejiki kapa autoimmune hlōloa ha tšusumetso mabifi ea lisele boitshireletso ba mmele ka phoso o ile a romela hore a ipatlele tšohile dinama tse nyenyane tse ea hae ea 'mele.
7. mafu a sa foleng systemic tse lebisang ho khaello ea phepo ba likutu methapo ea kutlo.

liponahatso

Har'a diso le mafu a ea akira theo gun cervical ka ho tsejoa:

• Unilateral.
• Omimvo.

maemong 'ohle moo infestation le akira theo gun cervical makala, tšoauoa ka dilenaneo ka, kutlo le mafu trophic tsa innervation ka libaka tse fapaneng ka. Bolwetse le fetisa ka sethaleng lona latelang ea ho hōla:

• Neuralgic sethaleng. Liponahatso tse amanang le ho teneha ea likutu le methapo ea kutlo. Ka tloaelo ho ba a hlobaetsang le qala ho ea bohloko haholo ka ponahalo ea lehlakoreng e ka tlaase ea sefahleho radiating ho tsebe le occipital sebakeng, hammoho le sa tsitsang radiating ho letsoho le tla fihlela fingertips ena. Diriswa la bohloko tšoana le lehlakoreng anngoeng ke likoluoa. eketseha le matsoai a hlokoang haholo le mekhatlo mafolofolo le etseng letho; boemo ba khotso le ka tlisa ba bang ba liphallelo, empa bohloko phomotse, 'me esita le bosiu, ha lia ka tsa nyamela ka ho feletseng. Bohloko a tsamaea le paresthesia, tsidifatso tsa letlalo ho hloka taolo le mocheso nahanela ka libaka innervation ameha motso methapo ea kutlo.
• Shoeleng litho sethaleng. Mohato paresis le a shoele litho (ho itšetlehile ka ho tiea tsa diso) e tšoauoa ka lipontšo tsa methapo ea kutlo cervical dysfunctions molao akira theo gun cervical. Ka lebaka diso tsa methapo ea kutlo phrenic 'me a hlokomela hiccups, ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke tšebelisano ea mesifa e, bothata ba ka tlōla expectoration; mafu oa lentsoe, ho hema - ho fihlela bokhutšoanyane e mpe ea 'phefumoloho le maemong a boima, mafu a matšoafo, ho fihlela ho ho hloleha ho hema. mafu a Trophic bakela ho ruruha le type genus coloration ea letlalo, ho fetola turgor bona; Ho phaella moo, litsebeng fufuleloa ikutloeleng matlafatsang lona. A nako e telele le lefu lena khonang etella pele ho liphetoho atrophic mesifa ea senyepa mahetla, e leng se ka sebopeho ka ho eketsehileng ke ho tloaela ho dislocation tsa mahetla kopanetsoeng; kapa shoele litho tsa mesifa ea molaleng, ho tiea e mpe ea 'leng isang tahlehelo ea mesifa ea cervical khona ho phetha mesebetsi ea bona: hlooho mokuli a se maemong a matla a ka itšetleha pele e le hore le selelu e lebagane le sternum ena. Ha joalo diso tebileng a sebetsang a mokhatlo oa ka ho mesifa ea angoa ke ke ha khoneha; nosi hlahisa hlooho ea hae e le ho ba le mamello ka ha ho joalo.
• Phokotsong mohato. Mothating ona, mafu a ya mesebetsi ea methapo qala ho butle-butle hlaphoheloa. Maemong a mang, ho hlaphoheloa ile a hlokomela fella, ka liketsahalo tsa barrel ka mokgwa wa paresis kapa shoele litho ea pheriferale-mofuta (mofuta noabolohang), 'me liphetoho atrophic mesifa (mantsoe a sebelisitsoeng ka phumano ya litla barrel ka mokgwa wa paresis pheriferale lokela na le sesupo sa amehang methapo ea kutlo le motso).

litla barrel:

• Noabolohang (pheriferale) paresis kapa shoele litho tsa mesifa ea molala le mahetla senyepa, ho tloaela ho dislocation tsa kopanetsoeng ka mahetla le khethollang hlooho mele ka lebaka la ho mesifa ea fokolang molaleng.
• Boloetse ba mesifa molumo; cramps le spasms ka makala a cervical akira theo gun innervated mesifa lihlopha.
• meferefere kutlo ka mokgwa wa paresthesias le bohloko hypersensitivity ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa kutlo innervation akira theo gun.
• mafu a Trophic tsa letlalo 'me lisele tse bonolo libakeng tse amehang.

thethebatso

Cervical akira theo gun thethebatso dumella ho buuoa ka molaleng, thyroid, sehlopha sithabela methapo ea mali brachiocephalic, gunshot maqeba, kankere.

Ho tloha molaleng pele ka bohare mola cervical makala akira theo gun anastomose, thethebatso nahanela metso morao bohale le sternocleidomastoid mesifa lokela ho etsoa ka mahlakoreng a mabeli. Sena se nolofalletsa hore o phetha thethebatso ho akarelletsa tsereletsi kgolo ka le dikarolo tse tebileng tsa lisele tsa molaleng (ho akarelletsa le laryngectomy, tlosa lihlahala bakeng sa kankere).

E le hore ho ntlafatsa phello ea makala thethebatso tsa akira theo gun cervical, lumelloa eketsehileng emisang holim 'a makala a methapo ea kutlo, tobane le pela molaleng.

Ho etsa manipulations tsena tsohle thethebatso phethile mokgwathupelo anterior, kaha tšebeliso ea ho fihlella lateral (ente ea tharollo thethefatsa sepakapakeng sa subdural) e amanang le kgonego phahameng la mathata a ho ena ka botebo, ho joalo le ka mokhoa oa ho fihlella lateral, bakeng sa ho sebedisa ditshebetso tse ding o.