Ustyurt Plateau: sebaka, tlhaloso

Famous Ustyurt Plateau e teng ka Asia Bohareng, ho ae phethang e le sebaka se seholo se ba hoo e ka bang 200 sq M.. m. 'Me ka eona meeli ea Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan le Turkmenistan, e leng sebaka se senyenyane. Ha e le hantle, lebitso "Ustyurt" phetolelong Turkish utloahala joaloka "sehlabeng".

Babatsehang pōpo ea likoluoa tsa tlhaho

Bo-rasaense le geologists fana ka maikutlo a hore ho tloha qalong ea sehlabeng li ntse li feta lilemo tse se ka tlase ho limilione tse 20 fetileng. Leha ho le joalo, feela qetellong ea tse lekholo tse fetileng, ka 80s, lefatše saense o ile a thahasella ka ho Ustyurt. Bo hlophisitse ho e leeto ho Ustyurt sehlabeng. Batho ba batla ho bokella tlhahisoleseding e ngata kamoo ho ka khonehang mabapi le sebaka sena hlollang.

Baahelani ba seqhenqha pōpo tsa tlhaho tse:

• ka lehlakoreng le ka bophirimela - Mangyshlak Hloahloeng le Koung ea Garabogazköl (ka "batho ba batsho molomo" phetolelo);
• ka bochabela - irreversibly ntseng le nyenyefala Aral Sea, makgobokgobo la nōka ea Amu Darya.

Bozzhira

Litekanyo tsa Ustyurt sehlabeng e tsotehang, libakeng tse fapaneng bophahamo ba eona e ranges ho tloha limithara tse 180 ho ea ho 300. Ka linako tse ling thulana moepa lilomong 350-mithara - larvae, e leng hlaha ka holim 'a thota e potolohileng.

Phahameng ka ho fetisisa e nkoa e le boroa-ka bophirimela e le karolo ea naha ena e sehlabeng se bitsoang Bozzhira. Ho na le maporogo majoe, maralla (maporogo) le contour hoo e ka bang boreleli. Village Bozzhiry Hoa makatsa hore ebe e ntle, e ka ho phehisana le ea tummeng Monument Valley (USA). Ntho feela eo khethollang libaka tsena tse hlollang lefatšeng le ho tloha mong ho e mong, - ho ba teng ka ho bahahlauli. Ka masoabi, ba seng bakae feela ho bona ba ne ba utloile mabapi le boteng ba lehakoe ona Ustyurt. Kazakhstan habohlokoa ho hlahloba ka 'mapa oa lithaba ranges ho hakanya ea boholo ba sebakeng sena.

Hōle-hōle tse fetileng sehlabeng

Lilemo tse fetang tse limilione tse 21 tse fetileng, sehlabeng e teng tebileng tlas'a metsi. Ka hore epoch hōle Lefatšeng, ho ne ho e 'meli e khōlō k'honthinente - Laurasia le gondwana dulce amo. Ba ile ba kopanela ho Tethys Ocean. The nyamele le leoatle ea boholo-holo, e leng e ne e le karolo ea leoatle, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore halofo e qalang ea Cenozoic. Ea ka lebelo la tshebetso ena potlakisa ka bang limilione tse 2 lilemong tse fetileng, ka mor'a delimit le la Caspian le Black Maoatle.

The a lejoe la mokoetla Ustiurt ke seashells, eo e tiisa hore khopolo. Ho phaella moo, ho na le ke palo e khōlō ea maqhutsu ferromanganese, tse boholo le sebopeho tšoana libolo snooker. Hase bohle ba tla nahana hore hasane ka mose ho holim 'a sehlabeng thehoa chitja sebopeho tlas'a leoatle. Metsi butle-butle bo sentse dolomite le lejoe la mokoetla majoe, empa a hlaha a le matla ho ferromanganese maqhutsu, feela ile tsa ba le sebopeho lekaneng. Ke sitoa ho lumela hore ho sehlabeng Ustyurt e teng ka Kazakhstan. Batho ba moo ba le motlotlo ka ho khahloa ena.

ke keng la lekanngwa botle

Ea liphallelo le holim boreleli ke lehoatata. Libakeng tse ling mobu e laoloa ke letsopa, ho batho ba bang - letsopa le majoe holim. Ho phaella moo, ho na le dibaka tsa lehlabathe kapa lehlohlojane e metle. Lehoatata fana tsela e eang mapetsong kapa mafikeng bopilweng haholo-holo ea tjhoko. Sa hlokomele ena le boikutlo hore o holim 'a ka polanete ea sa pheleng kapa ba teng le ka ho thunngoa tsa Hollywood lifilimi tsa boholo tšoanang. Ustyurt Plateau hohela bahahlauli ba bangata ba le lifoto ba ba kopanela ho nkuoa filimi khatholla.

Botle ba sebele ba majoe Cretaceous le hlaha ha letsatsi le nyoloha kapa behela. Ka linako tsena e fana ka pono e ntle: mahlaseli hangata fana ka o mosoeu lilomong bo bofubelu shades. Motšehare o moholo, ba ba hanyenyane type genus. Haeba u ananela maeto tlhaho, ba bonnete ba hore etela sehlabeng Ustyurt (Kazakhstan).

Flora le liphoofolo hore ahileng sehlabeng

Ka ho tshwana le limela le liphoofolo e le habohlokoa ho hlokomela tse latelang. Ho na le ha ho letho le e neng e tla makatsa le bahahlauli. Busitse baemeli ba joalo ba lefatše dimela, joaloka lengana 'me saxaul. Ka molemo ka ho eketsehileng selemo nako, e leng nka bakeng sa nako e khutsoanyane, ho na le lipalesa, 'me setšoantšong fetoha khanya.

The liphoofolo ke ho feta tse sa tšoaneng. Ho na le mefuta e bohle hore ba ikamahanya le maemo ho phela le masabasabeng le mahoatateng. maemo a klimate a ka sehlabeng se amohelehe lihahabi, tse emeloang ke mekholutsoane, linoha le likolopata. Hantle e thehilweng litoeba nyenyane (jerboa, gopher, groundhog, gerbil), hedgehogs le mebutlanyana. Sena ke ho sa tsotellehe ha e le hantle hore e mong le ba bona ba ke phofu ba phiri, phokojoe kapa caracal. Ha e mpe o ikutloa e cheetah, e leng mefuta e sa tloaelehang, 'me ka hona o ile a sireletsa ka molao. Boikakaso ba Ustyurt saiga nkoa lihlong. Ka bomalimabe, palo ea baahi ba bona ke le boemong bo mahlonoko. liphoofolo tsa cloven-hoofed ba boetse ba fumana argali.

Ka lilomo le matsoapo a hoamisoa ka hlomphehang ka bonahala manong le lintsu, ka motlotlo ho shebella tsohle etsahalang fatše ka thota ena. Ho na le tloaelehileng ho ba Europe linonyana - maeba le lirobele. Lule ho hangata e Ustyurt sehlabeng noha. Ka lebaka leo, bahahlauli ba lokela ho ba hlokolosi, ho tsamaea ka sebaka majoe.

Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea Ustyurt Plateau - mohlape o moholo oa lipere tse hlaha. Hang metebong Kazakhs ne ba kopanela ho lema liphoofolo tsena mapolasing moo.

Metsi le moea

Metsi ka sehlabeng ho ho nkoa leqeme, joaloka 'mele ea likoluoa tsa tlhaho metsi ba nako e telele ho tloha ea nyamela. linōka tsohle 'me matša a na nako ea ho omella. Ba teng ka e hōle nakong e fetileng se bontša libethe omeletseng le mokhoabo oo letsoai. Meea e ka Ustyurt na bolokolohi bo feletseng, hobane sehlabeng ho na le ha ho na ditshita tse sa tlhaho ka mokgwa wa lithaba le meru.

Sena se bonahala ha puso ea mafika karst, ea isang ho khoholeho ea mobu, e le eena isang ho fetola butle-butle ka ho meeli ea ea Ustyurt sehlabeng.

Lilotho potolohileng sebaka seo

Mehleng e Bohareng e ne e le ka ho la hae tsela Ustyurt batsamai eo tloha Khorezm, 'me joale ile a fallela metsaneng e lebōpong la Leoatle la Caspian le fihlang ho ka tlaase ea Volga Nōka. Ka mantsoe a mang, ho ile ha tšoaroa Silk Road. Ho setse a mangata fumanoe mesebetsi ea matsoho, ho tiisa hore mosebetsi hangata batho ba o ile a etela naha ena e sehlabeng. Ena, ka mohlala, mesaletsa ea mabitleng le likereke ka sekhukhu. Hlomella ho fedisa, esita le metseng e meholo le inns tsa batsamai (caravanserais) le le tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tsohle. Ba lula ba le boemong ba tse molemo tsa 'lithakong tsa e mong oa metse ena e bitsoang Shahr-i-Wazir.

Ho ella bofelong ba lilemo tse 70-ogy ea tse lekholo tse fetileng, tse fofang tse fetang lifofane sehlabeng khanna teleskopbomlift ho nka lifoto. Holim'a sehlaba se li ile tsa fumanoa setšoantšo mohlolo, ho hong ho kang arrowheads lebisoa ho leboea-bochabela. kgutlotharo e bōpehileng joaloka litšoantšo tse tsotehang haholo ka boholo, lehlakoreng la bona ba fihle limithara tse 100 ka bolelele. Op o dia wizate ho bopa seqhenqha naheng "metsu" sebediswa Lejoe hateletsoeng. Kamoo ho bonahalang kateng, ba ile ba beha ba bang ba nang le moelelo e halalelang. A karabo e hlakileng le unequivocal ea potso ena, bo-rasaense ba e-s'o fanoeng.

Haufi le e mong le e hukung fatše cheka mekoti. Ba ka 'na eaba metsi a bolokoa. Ho phaella ho tsena "metsu", hamorao a fumana litšoantšo tse ling, haholo-holo masole, liphiramide le likolopata, tseo le tsona li hahile ea lejoe. "Metsu" ka sehlabeng ho ka habonolo Thailand Ranked ka tšoanang sehlopha liphiri tsa histori hore setšoantšo tummeng ka Nazca lehoatata.

Ba bonnete ba hore etela Ustyurt, ba ile ba fihla Kazakhstan. Ka sebakeng seo 'mapa bontša moo e leng hona teng, e ikhethang ena tlhaho.