Sehlekehlekeng sa Hogland. Lihlekehlekeng tsa Kou ea Finland

Kou ea Finland St. Petersburg, ho sa tsotellehe thibelo ea ka ntle 'me a esita le "batang" na le e ngata ea libaka tse hlollang, a tletse botle ba tlhaho' me histori e khōlō. E mong oa mabenyane le - Hogland - kholo ka ho fetisisa e leng sehlekehleke sebakeng se Leningrad. Mong le e mong ea ileng a etela ho Hogland, bua ho oona e le naha e le ea hlomphehang le o ikhethang.

etymology

Seswedishe lebitso Hogland sehlekehleke sohle fetolela e le "fatše phahameng." Ha e le hantle, ho na le e batlang e le e phahameng lithaba, meru, majoe lebōpong, a le siela hoo e ka bang fehlang ka metsing. E khabisitse naha mona kaofela ke bath ea Bochabela Fennoscandia. The Finns boetse o bitsoa ho tloha nakong e immemorial sehlekehlekeng sa Suur-khon di aya kota, ka phetolelo - the "Great Land."

litekanyo

Hogland Island - kholo ka ho fetisisa ka metsi Russia ea Koung ea Finland. Ho e teng km 10 ka bochabela ho Russia likepe e name ho moeli oa Finland. Ka leboea ho ea boroa e otlolohileng e ka bang ka 11 km le, 'me bophara ba eona e ke ho tloha 1.5 ho 3 km. Sebaka sohle ea sehlekehleke sena e - 20,65 km le ^2.

sebaka

Bonahalang se se nang baahi karolo ea naha ka e loketseng 'me ka hona e bohlokwa mosolotogamaano maemo a. Ka ho le letona, e teng km 180 tsa St. Petersburg, Koung ea Finland le Kronstadt qhobosheane, le kgolo Russia likoung (Primorsk, Vysotsk, Vyborg, Ust-Luga). Ka ho le letšehali - Finland le Estonia.

Sehlekehlekeng arola e ka bophirimela, ho feta tebileng le letsoai Kou ea Finland, ho tloha karolong e ka bochabela - e sa tebang 'me a hloekileng. The hokahanyang libaka tsa sehlekehlekeng seo:

• 60ᵒ01 '- 60ᵒ06' s. w Le.;
• 26ᵒ56 '- 27ᵒ00' ka. le d.

The haufi Sefinnishe toropong ea Kotka e teng 43 km leboea-bochabela. Ka boroa ho lebōpo la leoatle SeEstonia ea Gulf e ka bang ka 55 km le tsamaee, 'me sehlekehlekeng sa Great Tyuters - boroa-bochabela, ka e leng sebaka sa km SE tsa 18.5 ho tloha ka boroa Cape. Distância em mola o otlolohileng ho Ust-Luga - 85 km SE.

Lihlekehlekeng tsa Kou ea Finland: Hogland

Ea liphallelo ea sehlekehleke sena e se ka matla dissected, elevations feletseng Range ho tloha 108 limithara tse ka leboea karolo (Poheyskorkia leralleng) ho 175,7 limithara ka boroa (Lounatkorkia leralleng). Hangata e na le mafikeng a maholo ho fihlela ho limithara tse 10 kapa ho feta, bophahamo lebetsoeng le (50-70 limithara) ba fihla a le matsoapong ka bophirimela ea maralleng le Myakiinpyayallyus Haukkavuori.

Hammoho le mabopo ka bochabela le o ka bophirimela ke coves nyenyane 'me lihlekehlekeng tse ling tse' maloa tse nyenyane. Shore hangata majoe, ka silafala ka - le majoe pebble, 'me feela ka Bay Suurkyulyanlahti - hloekileng lehlabathe lebōpong. Sena se koaloa le loketseng bakeng sa likepe Bay e teng ka ka leboea-bochabela ea sehlekehleke seo. E sirelelitsoe ke mole le le kanaleng e na le ka botebo ba 4.2 limithara ka lesoba la, monyakong bophara ba 90 limithara. Afrika Bay teng Suurkyulyanlahti khale Sefinnishe mabitleng.

Lighthouses

Sehlekehlekeng seo ho na le ba babeli ba tora. North Hogland tora, teng leralleng Poheyskorkia hahoa tlas'a Peter e Moholo ka 1723. Southern Hogland e thehiloe a 1905 ka molao-taelo oa Nicholas II. Ho tloha ka 2006 mesebetsi seteishene se hōle latedisa sa likepe, se hahiloeng haufi le South Lighthouse. Feela mobu tseleng feta sehlekehleke sohle, o tlohang meaho e 'meli.

mesebetsi saense

Kou ea Finland ho bo-rasaense ba ke e ikhethang tsa tlhaho laboratori ea, moo, ho sa tsotellehe e sebetsang mosebetsi oa motho, lintho tse phelang tikolohong e bolokiloeng ka foromo ka eona qalong. Rarahaneng tlholeho maeto Institute Biological Research tsa Petersburg State University St. bakeng sa ho ithuta sa lihlekehleke tsa karolo Russia ea Koung ea Finland, ho akarelletsa le sehlekehlekeng sa Hogland, e neng e tšoaretsoe selemo le selemo ho tloha ka 1991 ho ea ho 1995 ka bohato ba pele le ka ho kenya letsoho ka ho toba ea Director tsa D. V. Osipova.

Joale ba ne ba tsoela pele ka 2003-2004 ka moralo wa ea merero e kopanetsoeng BiNII le Sefinnishe Tikoloho Institute (TSOSF). Ka 2004 thuto eo o ile a fumana tšehetso ea lichelete bakeng sa Fund ea sebakeng Leningrad Tikoloho. Geological morolo ea sehlekehleke sena e ile ea qala ka 2001 'me a tsoela pele ka 2003-2004. Bokella thepa ea ho hlalosa limela tšoaroa Institute ea Russia Academy of Sciences Botanical ka 1994-1998 le ka 2004-2006. Boitsebiso bo bokeletseng e lumelloa ho etsa botaniki, zoological le Geological mapa oa sebaka se, 'me ho Track liphetoho tsa tlhaho tse motheong oa pele o ile a fumana ya data.

The UNESCO folakha

Hogland Island hase feela khahloa ke tlhaho. Ka 1826 sehlekehlekeng sa Jeremane-Russia setsebi sa linaleli, motsamaisi oa Pulkovo sheba V. Ya. Struve thehiloe ka se hlahileng buka e ikhethang seo e leng karolo ea morero e rata maemo ho a bale boholo le ka sebōpeho sa Lefatše. Seo ho thoeng ke "Struve Geodetic iphaphathile", metsotso ho tloha lebōpong la Leoatle la Arctic le Danube, o ile a hlokomela ke UNESCO ka World Heritage Site.

Ho latela ho ngodisa, lintho tsena tse peli - "ntlha Z» le «Myakipyallyus Serapeng sa" (e le sehlooho sa lebitso tšoanang lefika) - di lokisetsa ka thōko sena ho karolo e lebōpong le naha. Mona Victor Ya ho shebella dikhutloteng le azimuths, fa bohlokoa ya data bolepi ba linaleli. Sena ke bopaki ba kamoo e leng habohlokoa ke Kou ea Finland.

St. Petersburg tšoaroa sebokeng nehetsoeng ho dintho "Struve iphaphathile". Ka leeto khethehileng o ile a romeloa sehlekehlekeng sena, e leng e se e hakanngoa puso sebele ba Sepheo UNESCO. Ho ikhopotsa ketsahalo ena ea bohlokoa historing tse pedi ea bolepi ba linaleli letšoao hlomamisa. Pele - leralleng le Myakiinpyayallyus. Ke la sehopotso le mantsoe ana a ngotsoeng "lintlha geodetic Myakiinpyayallyus thehiloe a 1826, ba la mat Struve. Pele Ismail 841.657 toise ho Gammerfasta 660130 toise. Ea ka tekanyo ea pele ea segopo meridian Russia ho tloha 1816 ho 1855. ".

Suurkyulyanlahti haufi koung e, ka morung, ha a le fereko ka tsela e le North mwinda, emisoa seemahale ngoe, ho boetse ho ba inehetseng ho ea ka tekanyo ea meridian V. Ya. Struve. Sena se letšoao bolepi ba linaleli "Hogland Z» e se e kentsoe ke basebetsi ba Pulkovo sheba.

seketshe tsa histori

Lihlekehlekeng tsa Kou ea Finland lieu ke batho ho tloha nakong e immemorial. pele ba bona ba tseba Sami. Sena se pakoang ke beha dintho tse halalelang fumanehileng litlhōrō tsa maralla - majoe, likatiba, Sadie, "aletare", tšoanang le libaka tsa borapeli ba Saami ea Kola Hloahloeng.

Nakong e tlang tsa histori foreseeable Hogland ne e le karolo ea Sweden. The litšōmo bolela hore baholo-holo ba hōle-hōle ea baahi ba lihlekehlekeng tseo e ne e le masholu a maoatleng a le smugglers. litšōmo tsena ke utloahala, kaha sehlekehleke sena e haufi ka tsela e bohlokoa khoebo le sa landschap majoe ke sebaka babatsehang bakeng sa buccaneers, tlatlapang likepe hore li ne li tsoa ka bophirimela ka Neva le Novgorod.

Bakeng sa Russia sehlekehlekeng tloha 1743 ka mor'a qetello ea selekane khotso le Sweden. Ka July 1788 ho Hogland ne ntoa sesole sa metsing pakeng tsa Russia le Sweden fleets, tsejoa e le Ntoa ea Hogland. E qetella ka tlhōlo ea likepe Russia, e ile ea fella ka Russia matlafaditswe beng lona sehlekehlekeng sena.

mabitleng a likepe

Hogland Island e teng ka mose ho Kou ea Finland, ka pelo ea lona, le haufi anciently tšoara lehlaso le monate tsela leoatle. A palo e kholo ea submarines le holim'a mafika e ne e le sesosa sa shipwrecks khafetsa ho tloha lebōpong la Hogland. Mohopolong ba mehleng ea hae ho boloka histori ea lefu Serussia tse tharo-masted sekepe sekepe "Amerika", eo e ile ea etsahala October bosiu ka 1856. sekepe o ne a laela le likutung le tšepe e Tallinn, empa hang ka sefefo ho tloha lebōpong leboea-bochabela, o otla lefika le teba haufi le North Lighthouse. Ka mabitleng haufi motseng Suurkyulya bona mabitla tse peli tseo liofisiri tse 2 le basesisi ba likepe ba 34 ho tloha sekepe soahlamana ne patoa "Amerika". Ka 1999, mesaletsa ea seketsoana 'ngoe sunken ile a fumanoa ke litho tsa tlelabo SeEstonia "Ichthyander" Maahelli Bay ho tloha lebōpong le ka bophirimela sehlekehlekeng sena.

Tsoalo ea-le-moea

E le kannete ba bokahohleng tloaeleha sehlekehleke sohle tlisa liteko tsa saense A. S. Popova, ha qetellong ea January 1900 e ile ea pele e thehilweng le puisano e pakeng tsa telegraph tape wireless le sehlekehlekeng Sefinnishe tsa Hogland Kutsalo haufi Kotka. Hoa hlokomeleha hore ka lebaka la ho leka-le-moea e ne e le tsona tsa soahlamana sekepe. Battleship "Kakaretso-Admiral Apraksin", tseleng ho Kronstadt mariha Liepaja koung, November 13, 1899 otla lefika koahetsoe lebōpong boroa-bochabela.

Tlosa e tsoa ho e lefika tlas'a qala ho ea morung mariha meteo le sebopeho e potlakileng ea leqhoa lebōpong la sehlekehleke sena e ne e ke ke ha khoneha. Bakeng sa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa pholoso mosebetsi ile a tlameha ho theha le puisano e boreleli le ho fedisa haufi, e neng e le motse oa Kotka, 'me ka ho e - ho St. Petersburg. Ka mor'a 'maloa a boiteko ba behe litholoana ho theha ea pele-le-moea kgokahanyo la 24 January le Lounatkorkia leralleng (hona joale e bitsoang seretse se chesang Popov) a qetella a le atlehileng. molaetsa seea-le-pele e ile a tšoaetsanoang. Ho ikhopotsa ketsahalo ena ka sebaka sa pele fetisang hlomamisa stele le sefika ho A. S. Popovu.

XX lekholong la lilemo la

Ho tloha ka 1917, ha Republic of Finland fumana boipuso, sehlekehlekeng sa Hogland o ile a ea Finland. Ho ne ho e 'meli ea Sefinnishe le metsaneng - Suurkyulya (fetoleloa e le Big Village) le Kiiskinkyulya (Ershov motse), nang le baahi ba batho ba ka bang sekete, haholo-holo ba kopanela ho tšoasa litlhapi le tiiso tsoma. Kahoo, ho latela, sehlekehlekeng sa batho ba 896 ba ne ba lula ho latela 1929 palo ea sechaba. metheo sehanyata ea matlo, marako a lejoe, hleka tšimong - bopaki bohle ba bophelo e kileng ea nang le khotso ea baahi ba lihlekehlekeng tseo a lula setšeng sa metseng e pele e neng e. Ka mor'a ho phethoa ea ntoa ea Soviet Union-Sefinnishe tsa dipehelo tsa selekane khotso (1940) Hogland ile ka isoa Soviet Union.

liketsahalo tse hapang tlhokomelo e ile ea etsahala sehlekehlekeng seo nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World. Ka August, 1941 likepe, ka boto ea tse neng li le baphaphathehi - bana, basali, ba ile ba leka ho senya ka ntle ho thibella Tallinn ho Kronstadt, empa li ile tsa senngoa ke lifofane Sejeremane. Basesisi ba likepe ba detachment sa likepe tlas'a Admiral IG Svetova pholosoa batho ba fetang 12 likete ba ne ba le ka metsing. Tlas'a thato ea Admiral, o ile a patoa ka 1983 lebōpong la Suurkyulyanlahti Bay haufi le lebitla la masole oele. Ka sebaka sena e ile ea hahoa ho obelisk.

Nakong e Moholo ho rata naha Kou ea Finland e ile ea boemo ba ntoa Union-Sejeremane. lintoa ba bohale bo tšosang tse neng li loaneloa pakeng tsa masole a Soviet Union, Sefinnishe le Jeremane ka Hogland. Monument ho masole a oele ke khale lehong le sefapano se beha ka letšeng Liivalahdenyarvi.

boemo jwale

Ka lilemo tse ka mor'a ntoa sehlekehlekeng seo ba ile ba bōptjoa liqhobosheane, malala matla radar tshireletso tsoa qhaqha. Joale mona ho na le feela e nyenyane haufi le leliboho poso le basebetsi ba phele ka tsamaya tšebeletso ho sebeletsa lighthouses, hammoho le basebetsi ba seteishene meteorological, sebetsa sehlekehlekeng seo ho tloha bohareng ba bo XIX lekholong la lilemo la.

Hogland la tsamaiso karolo ea Setereke Kingisepp, (Kou ea Finland, Leningrad sebakeng). Ka koung ea Suurkyulyanlahti ntseng li hōla moruong setsi sa bahahlauli. A haha mekato e 'meli hoteleng euroclass se fumana bahahlauli. Kahoo, ho tloha ya ba karolo e nyenyane sehlekehleke se Russia ea sebaka metsi leliboho Hogland e butle-butle ho retelehela ka mohahlauli Mecca tsa Bochabela Baltic.