Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod, Veliky Novgorod: foto le litšobotsi tsa mehaho

Har'a liemahale tsa boholo-holo e Russia ae phethang sebaka khethehileng tempele eo e ile ea hahoa ka Novgorod lilemong tsa bo-XII le tsejoang e le Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod. A histori e khutšoanyane ea pōpo ea lona e leng ho extant vaults ngotsoeng ka letsoho, 'me boitsebiso bo eketsehileng e ne e le ka lebaka la etsoa mosebetsi oa ba lintho tse epolotsoeng tse ho lona. A re ke re nahana ka bopaki bona e ikhethang ea mehleng ea khale.

Prince - se ratang ka ho fetisisa oa Novgorod

Ho ea ka liemahale extant tsa mongolo oa boholo-holo a tsejoa e le "ea bobeli Novgorod Chronicle", ka 1113 mora Vladimira Monomaha, Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, lebōpong le letona la Volkhov e thehiloe Lejoe kerekeng e khōlō ea St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.

Ka e ntse e feta, re lokela ho hlokomela hore khosana Mstislav liketso tsa bona tse ntle e sebelelitseng ka lerato Novgorod le ho hlompha ba bokahohleng. Ka lekhetlo la pele ka dibanka tsa Volkhov o ile a bonahala ka 1088 a le lilemo li leshome le metso e meraro, o ile a romeloa ho ea puso ka nakoana Ntate-moholo oa hae, e Moholo Duke ea Kiev Vsevolod. 'Musi mocha ho fihlela moo ho oela ka mosa ho baahi, e le hore ka lilemo tse supileng hamorao, ba ne ba le bitsa, ka mor'a moo ka 1097 Novgorod ile ea qetella e kgethuweng bakeng Mstislav loading Lyubech Congress likhosana.

Kerekeng e khōlō ka sehloohong sa veche Novgorod

sebaka bakeng sa kaho ea tempele e se khethiloeng ke monyetla. E le ka bonoa ho tloha Chronicle e tšoanang, ba lekholo tse fetileng, e le khosana ea Novgorod, emisoa moo ho Moifo oa Yaroslav Mudry. Kahoo, sebaka sena e teng mabapa le Novgorod Kremlin, ea bitsoang Detinets, o ile a fumana maemo a khethehileng, le Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod - kahoo o ile a tsejoa ke batho, ho ile ha hahoa e le kereke ea bohosana. Ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore ho ke ke e 'ngoe ea mehaho e moholo oa tempele ea Novgorod, bobeli ka lilemo feela Sophia Cathedral.

Inehetseng Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod o ne a le 1136, ha ho leleka le Kiev Prince Vsevolod Mstislavovich, baahi ba thehile Republic Novgorod. E o tsejoa hore ho tloha qalong ea ea kereke XIII lekholong la lilemo la ba St. Nicholas e-veche-holo kereke e khōlō. Ho tla fihlela ho oa ha rephabliki ka 1478 haufi le monyako ho ba hae ho ea ka lerata le discordant Moifo litoropo.

Cathedral Square, eo e fetohile lebaleng la boithabiso la ntoa theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki

Ho tloha ka ho thehoa ka Novgorod republican mofuta o mong oa 'muso oa Prince oa bolulo e ne e ba ile ba fallela ka ntle ho meeli ea motse' me o ne a Rurik fedisa. Ho tloha ka nako eo, ho lahleheloa ke boemo ba Grand Palace Kereke, Cathedral City, 'me e bulehetse comers tsohle.

Ho latela Motlalehi, kaha 1228 Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod (Veliky Novgorod) lipaki tsa e bohale kgohlano theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki pakeng tsa 'muso le batho feela ba tloaelehileng. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho ea 'mokeng utloahalang, litho tsa tsona li neng li kgethilweng baemeli ba maemo' ohle ea bophelo, ho tswa ho marako a kerekeng e khōlō ba ne ba ho ea joalo a bitsa hlohlelletsang bofetoheli Moifo. Matsatsing ana, Cathedral Square ne le tletse tse makholo tsa liqeto khotsofalle ntlha e nkiloeng ka lisekoere ka pel'a St. Sophia Cathedral, tseo le tsona li lokiselitsoe marobalo sebakeng sa kopano tšepe.

Liqabang pakeng tsa libakeng tse fapaneng ba motse

Histori ea Novgorod ba boholo-holo nakong ea puso ea eona ea demokrasi o boetse o bolokoa bopaki ba ntoa se feela pakeng tsa lihlopha tse fapaneng baahi, arohantsoe ke sehlopha sa tsa sechaba, empa le tsona hara tse hlano libakeng tse fapaneng ba motse, o bitsoa "ea lipheletsong". bafuputsi, ketsahalo ena e 'nile oa bitsoa "mezhkonchanskoy ntoa."

Hekeng e ka bophirimela ea kereke e khōlō e ile ea behoa thoeng lengolo la Veche - e scaffold kapa grandstand ne a rerile hore barupeluoa ho fetisisa tummeng le tšusumetso e matla ka ho lekhotla la, ema ka e neng e nkoa e le tlotla e khōlō. Nakong ea ntoa pakeng tsa libakeng tse sa tšoaneng tsa motse (1218-1219), ha e e-s'o theha delineation hlakileng ea boemo ba ea e mong le ya mahlakoreng hanyetsa, Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod le sebakeng bapileng ea e-ba setsi sa likhohlano tse mabifi hore pega ka lintoa bulehileng ka linako tse ling.

Tlas'a tšireletso ea vaults pholosang

Le boemo ba metseng ea litoropo ea tempeleng, 'me ka holim'a tsohle, sebaka se halalelang, kerekeng e khōlō, ho ea ka neano o hlomiloeng ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo, ke sebaka bakeng sa bohle ba neng ba batla poloko e tsoang ho bobeli ba boholong ba le ka bohale ba ea batho. Mehlala e mengata e joalo e ka fumanoa direkoto tsa ngotsoe ka nako eo. Ka ho khetheha, e 'ngoe ea litaba e ile ea tlaleha hore ka 1338 ke e tletseng borabele letšoele la batho ba motse ba ile ba pholosoa ka eona lelekoa archimandrites Esif le Lawrence. Lelekisang nako e telele lebeloa bona monyako oa kereke e khōlō, empa ba ne ba sa ba le sebete sa ho kena le ho pholosa bophelo ba batho ba babalehi.

Nako ea fokotseha tsa kerekeng e khōlō ea

Lekholong la tse latelang, ha Novgorod lahlehileng boipuso lona 'me a fetoha karolo ea Grand Duchy la Moscow, e neng e vechevoj Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod e ne e se ka ofising ea diocesan,' me ka tlung ea '. Sena se ile sa fumana monyetla oa ho fumana ya sapoto itseng dithusa lona 'muso le le phello e ntle ka tumellano ea kakaretso.

Ho ne ho se ho fihlela bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-XVIII, ha molao-taelo oa Empress Elizabeth, o ne a ka isoa sebakeng se taolong ea tsa diocese tsa Novgorod me ea e-kerekeng e khōlō motseng oa ntle ikopanya, e ne e ke ke ama boemo ba eona ba lichelete. Ka lebaka leo, ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke chelete ho hlokahala bakeng sa overhaul e, Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod (Novgorod) ho ea qetellong ea lekholo la e-ba sohlokehileng, 'me a tla ho' muso oa boemo ba tšohanyetso.

Morago ga moo e tsosolosa tsa kerekeng e khōlō ea

Feela ho tloha nakong ea puso ea Moemphera Alexander I bophelong ba kereke e khōlō e ile ea qala ho fetola bakeng sa molemo. Ka 1810 ka taelo ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba ile ba lokolloa chelete bakeng sa ho tsosolosa lona, e leng thusa ho haha ka bophirimela le e ka leboea mahlakoreng ea katoloso e, e leng tla le ntlo: ho sacristy, matlo a thapelo a futhumetseng, le boholo ba lisekoere le mathule. Ho phaella moo, nakong ea puso ea mora oa hae - Nicholas I, mokatong oa kereke e khōlō e ne e lined le matlapeng liheloe.

Ka 1913, ho Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod (Novgorod) o ile a bula mamati a eona ho lelapa moemphera. The le lebaka la ho ketsahalo ena e ne e le vosmisotletie kaha di-bookmark lona le trohsotletie busa House of Romanov. Bosiung ba ketelo ea baeti ba boemo bo phahameng ka ho e mengata e fapaneng ea mosebetsi oa ho tsosolosoeng ile phethahatsoa.

Qetello ea tempele ka lilemo tse Union

Mora oa October Phetohelo 'muso o mocha ha aa ka a koala Cathedral. Sena se pakoang ke a sireletsa ho tloha linakong tseo ditokomane le hopola khale. Ho kenella feela ka bophelo ba hae bo ka nkoa e le qeto eo ea Novgorod Lekhotla City ho tloha ka 1933 ka motheo oa ea leo kereke e ile ea bobeli e musiamo. Ho tloha ka nako, marako a oona hammoho le borapedi ba polasi khanna maeto.

Nakong ea ntoa, Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod o ba amohetse tshenyo bohlokoa. Ka ho khetheha, ho tloha liqhomane tse senyehileng marulelo hae le likarolo ka holimo. Ho phaella moo, moqolo oohle oa bochabela oa boholo-holo ho ea ka bophirimela tšela khoa tebileng feta har'a majoe marako, arches le vaults. A bomo ka mathule ka bophirimela e ile timetsoa ka ho feletseng marulelong.

Ka mor'a hore ntoa e ne e etsoa ka letoto la mesebetsi ea bona tsosoloso e le Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod khutlela ho balumeli, empa ka 1962 boemo ba lona e le kereke morao-rao e ile ea felisoa. Ho tloha ka nako eo, ho ba e ikarabellang e ba Novgorod musiamo lebatowa, o ile a e-ba ntho e hlahlobisisoa. Ka lilemo tse latelang, o ile a khothalletsa e mengata e fapaneng ea mosebetsi oa ba lintho tse epolotsoeng, eo lumelloa le kutloisiso e batsi ea histori ea eona 'me ponahalo ea pele. The Dome ea Cathedral ea motse ho bapaloa ka lipolanete.

Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod: makgetheng meralo

Kajeno, kerekeng e khōlō ea boholo-holo, re ntse re hopola histori ea ikemetseng Novgorod Republic, ae phethang boemong bo ka sehloohong har'a mehaho e meng e akarelletsa e rarahaneng ea khoebo Novgorod. ponahalo ea lona meralo ea laconic haholo le ka thata-thata.

Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod, lifoto tsa tse fanoa sehloohong se, ke hlano domed mohaho ona o ka pele, ka lehlakoreng le ka bochabela potapotoeng ke apses tse tharo - semicircular leboteng ka moso, eo behoa ka hare 'a aletare. vaults lona tshehetswa ke litšiea tse matla tse tsheletseng teng hara moaho khōlō.

kereke bona likemiso bontša kamano ea hae le tsoileng matsoho e 'ngoe ea mehaho ea boholo-holo Novgorod - St. Sophia Cathedral. Ka kakaretso, ho ea ka bahlahlobisisi ba, sebopeho lona tšoana le lineano thehilwe mehaho ea Kievan RUS tsa lekholong la lilemo la XII. Ba fetohile sehlomathiso sa meaho ngata kereke ea Novgorod, ho akarelletsa le Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod.

The frescoes eo a penta ka lilemo tsa ho thehoa lona, ka nako e ngata lahlehileng, 'me feela ka palo e fokolang ea ba lula ka sebōpeho sa likhechana tse arohaneng. Har'a bona re ka totobatsa setšoantšo sa "Kahlolo Last", behoa leboteng ka bophirimela, e leng "Hierarchs Three" leboteng boroa, hammoho le morero oa "Jobo mamello ka gnoische" ka apse bohareng.

bokoli

Ka nako ho tloha ka selemo sa 1994 ho 1999, ha kopanngoa ha makala e bula menyetla e mecha ea bakeng sa ho pholosa setso le histori ea lilemo tse makholo tse fetileng, botjha tsosoloso ea kereke e khōlō e ile ea etsoa. sebetsa porojeke e ne e-ba sehlopha se seng sa Litsebi eteletsoe pele ke litšiea Novgorod GM, le dithuso tsa ditjhelete ka e nka e machaba NGO "Hansa League."