Russia Lata "Rokot": tlhaloso, litšobotsi tse le lintlha tse thahasellisang

The Lata "Rokot", - Russia microcyteme Lata, e leng kgona ho fana ka ho orbit tsa payload leseli le mahareng. Ka ho ba sethaleng ka holimo "Breeze-KM ', ho bontša kg 2150 ea payload ho e bophahamong ba 200 Km.

History ea pōpo

ke microcyteme Lata "Rokot" ke efe? E thehiloe Intercontinental ballistic lerumo Ure-100N, tsejoang hape e le Ma-SS-19 Stiletto. Ure-100N ntshetsopeleng ile ea qala ka bo-1970 ka sepheo sa ho ho ntlafatsa ICBMs Ure-100 le bopa sefofane o moholo o ka phahamisa mojaro o boima haholo.

liteko sefofane ne a khanna nakong ea ho tloha ka 1973 ho 1975, 'me tsamaiso ea e-ba a tshebetso ka 1974. Ka 1978, o ne a ile a etsa inventory kakaretso ea 190 metsu. Bo ile ba ntlafala tlhahiso, e bitsoang Ure-100UTTH, o ne a ile a laela ka 1979 'me a nkeloa sebaka e dikai khale, fihla setokong palo e kahodimodimo ea diyuniti 360.

Thebe ea nyutlelie

Ure-100 metsu ka etsa ho fihlela ho ikemetseng warheads tse tsheletseng nosi targetable le mefuta e fapaneng ya km le 10,000. Ba ile ba ka ka lokisoa ho matha metsotso 25 ho 22 lilemo bophelo efe kapa efe raka, athe. Intercontinental ballistic lerumo Ure-100 'me ho ntse ho tšebeletso.

Ka mor'a ho ea qetellong ea Ntoa ea Mantsoe e ka libetsa Khrunichev Khrunichev ne redesigned le hlomelloa le avionics morao-rao le ho ba sethaleng ka holimo "Breeze-KM ', eo a mo lumella ho sebedisa likoloi sebaka lonthja. Mekhatlo e ikemetseng "Engineering" hape tlisa phetoho e kholo ho Ure-100 lonthja koloi, empa ntle le diphetolo bohlokoa, ho bōpa e tlase tenyetsehang, empa tlase bitsa chelete e ngata sethusathuto bakeng sa ho tlosa payloads nyane ka tlaase Earth orbit. Ka phetolo ena, e tsejoang e le "motsu".

Ho tswa ho Baikonur cosmodrome ka Plesetsk

The lonthja pele ea "Rokot" lonthja e ile ea tšoareloa November 20, 1990, ho tloha ka Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. Pele orbital sefofane o ile a nka sebaka ka la 26 December, 1994. Le ka 1995, khampani Eurockot, ka thuso ea a lona a le Serussia microcyteme Lata "Rokot" ho ile ha thehoa e ne e kenngoa ka 'marakeng ho simolodisiwa ga kumo khoebo.

khamphani e fumanweng 45 rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng. Ka 2000, Astrium ne reka 51% ea tlhokofatso Eurockot. Tse setseng 49% ena Khrunichev. Ka May, 2000 ho tloha cosmodrome "Plesetsk" "Rokot" o ne a qala ho se ho tloha ka, e le etsahetseng ho "Baikonur", 'me naha lipalangoang setshelo.

The Lata "Rokot": Features

The rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng ke e 'meli-sethaleng "Breeze KM" Zhidkotoplivnyy booster hangata a hlomelloa le ho ba sethaleng sa ho qetela, e leng ke a khona ho fana ka payload ba lik'hilograma ho fihlela ho 2140 tlaase lefatše orbit le 1200 lik'hilograma letsatsi synchronous.

Features ya microcyteme Lata "Rokot" ke tse latelang:

• bophahamo ba 29,15 limithara,
• e le bophara ba tse khōlō tsa 2,5 limithara,
• qalang boima ba 107 000 lik'hilograma,
• Mafura - unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (heptyl) le ea naetrojene tetroxide.

sethaleng pele

Mokhahlelo oa pele oa microcyteme Lata khanya sehlopha sa "rumble" ke 17,2 limithara nako e telele le ho 2,5 limithara le bophara ba. Tanka le naetrojene tetroxide e teng ka holimo sejana le dimethylhydrazine unsymmetrical. Tse peli tse neng li tloaelehile tanka arohantsoe ke dia e. Ho phahamisa boima - lik'hilograma 77.200, 5700 lik'hilograma inertnaya-.

Pele mekhahlelo e meraro li sebelisoa RD-0233 le RD-0234 feela. lithulusi tsa bona tse tšoanang, empa RD-0234 e na le mocheso o exchanger hore fanang khase petetswa ho ditanka mafura ho boloka ba ka khatello ea hlokahalang ho pholletsa le karolong e qalang ea sefofane.

All dienjini - turbine lipompo le koetsoeng sekgoqetsane. E mong le e fana ka 470 kn dostupnost otlolla hore kakaretso ea 1.870 kn dostupnost kapa 190.700 lik'hilograma. Lephaka Rod pele sethaleng - 2070 kn dostupnost (211.100 lik'hilograma) enjene 520 kn dostupnost.

Control e fanoa ke motho gimbal fanyeha mong oa dienjini tse 'nè. Lihora tse - 121.

karohano e etsoa maemo a chesang. Vernier dilenaneo ea Mokhahlelo oa bobeli e epelaki pele mohato karohano. Qhotsoa romeloa nozzles jete a mane ka ntle. Ka mor'a ho qala pyrotechnic vernier qeta monono mochine sutumetsa ka qeta sethaleng pele. Ho phaella moo, ho e hlomelloa le a mane tiileng Lata Motors tse epelaki mor'a karohano ho tlosa ho e leng sebaka se sireletsehileng.

Mokhahlelo oa bobeli

Mokhahlelo oa bobeli ke 3,9 telele limithara le 2,5 limithara le bophara ba. boima ba 'mele oa eona o lik'hilograma 1.500 mmoho lik'hilograma 10.700 ea mafura. Tanka ka oxidant le tanka mafura teng ka holimo 'me a arohana le eona ka ho dia tloaelehileng.

sethaleng e hlomelloa le dienjini turbo ea potoloho e koetsoeng: molaoli oa RD-0235 le RD-mene chambered vernier 0236 ho laola tataiso ea sefofane.

RD-0235 o na le ka lebitso lephaka boikitlaetso bo 240 kn dostupnost (24,470 lik'hilograma), bakeng sa ho fana ka pulse length ba 320-E leq.

RD-0236 e fana ka traction 15,76 kn dostupnost (1,607 lik'hilograma) le 293 sebetsang ka eona. E mong le e ba nozzles tse 'nè tsa enjene ka gimbal ea ka ba ile ba fallela hammoho selekane se le seng, ho fana ka taolo lerumo dikamano ka mohato oa bobeli oa sefofane. Ho na le boetse le sebelisoa ka tsamaiso chesang khase ho bopa ntho eu bakelang khatello hlokahala ka ditanka ka.

sethaleng ka holimo

"Rumble" Lata e hlomelloa le ho ba sethaleng ka holimo, e leng e na le likarolo tse tharo ka sehloohong - enjene, encapsulation ya thepa lekareche le lekareche lipakeng, e ikopanya le sethaleng bobeli.

"Breeze KM" ke sa 2.6 limithara ka bolelele, 2,5 limithara le bophara ba 'me a le boima ba lik'hilograma 1320. Heptyl tanka teng holim'a setshelo le oxidant e. Ea bobeli e na le conical foromo le phomotse ho amohela enjene khōlō. "Breeze KM" ka amohela 1665 lik'hilograma le lik'hilograma 3310 UDMH oxidant. Ho boloka khatello e hlokahalang ka ditanka le taolo pneumatici sebelisa phahameng khatello ea kang helium.

Karolo e bohareng ea le literata e le bopilwe ka setshelo le oxidant e, e ratang ka holimo ho tanka mafura. ditanka ka bobeli ba a hlomelloa le tsamaiso ea haeteroliki le pneumatici, 'me o emisa lihlooho tsa ka hare ho thibela mokelikeli otla leboteng la mohaho. Ba na le sebopeho toroidal le phomotse ka tlase bakeng sa tsamaiso ya sehlooho ophthalmogyric, e le hore ho fokotsa bolelele ea sethaleng. Tlase ke lekareche le dienjini ka sehloohong ophthalmogyric le tsitsisoa le dikamano, le litanka chitja le tse kang helium le ngangisane. Thepa koahetsoeng ka kwahelang mogote thibela tsidifatso ka tsela e feteletseng ea mafura e ama e tiileng e qamathelang lona, 'me ho ka etsa hore freezing ea lipeipi le litanka.

thepa Bay

Karolong e ka holimo ea le literata e ka inverted truncated khoune teng thepa lekareche e entsoeng ka liforeimi, ho fana ka ho hlongoa laolang fapaneng, dimmojule telemetry, libeteri 'me tsamaiso ea puisano. E sebeletsanang le yona adapters ho 2,49 limithara le bophara ba.

Kwa tlase e 60 cm, adaptara tlohang "Breeze KM" ho Mokhahlelo oa bobeli, hammoho le ho fana ka ntseng bo eketseha ba fairings.

Ka matlafatsoa litsamaiso unit trust e 'meli ea mafura a kenngwa tshebetsong le: a khatello ea tlaase bakeng sa enjene ka sehloohong le phahameng khatello ea enjene tsitsisoa le tlwaetso. Ka bobeli o ile a sebelisa chetyrohokis unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine le ea naetrojene, tse epelaki hang-hang ka mor'a ho kopana le balekane ba bona.

dienjini booster

dienjini boikutlo bo taolo sebelisoa ho "moea o fokang hasesaane KM" ke 17D58E sehlooho le fana ka ipolela hore boikitlaetso bo 13,3 N. mong le e mong ea le literata e na le e-ba bolelele ea cm, 14, 'me boima ba 550 g, arabelang micromotor e sebetsa ka karo-karolelano ho kopanya ea 1: 1,85 le input ipolela hatella 14,7 bareng, empa ke khona ho mamella likhatello phahameng Range ho tloha 7,8 ho 34,3 bareng. Ka boikutlo bo taolo tsamaiso ea ophthalmogyric sebelisoa ka mokgwa wa pulsed le bonyane bueloang nako ea 0,03 s, empa 17D58E hape pakiloeng ho sebetsa tswelela pele bakeng sa metsotsoana ho fihlela ho 10,000. enjene ka mamella 450.000 lipotoloho.

Le matla tsamaisong ea kabo booster

"Breeze CM" e hlomelloa le eona e phepelo matla tsamaiso e khopo e entsoeng ka leshala le kabo matla tsamaiso ea hore ho fana ka ho fihlela ho lihora tse 7 of sethaleng tshebetso ho orbit. Seletsa lekareche e kenyeletsa telemetry disebedisweng tse ding le mechine le manaka, 'me theipi ya polokelo ya data le phetiso. tataiso, tsamaya le taolo e nang le boikarabelo bakeng sa sefofane ka mekhahlelo eohle. Ho na le sethala ka tataiso inertial e entsoeng ka le 3-selekane gyroscope le lik'homphieutha karate. tsamaiso ea o redundancy hararo ka bongata ho etsa liqeto. Ho ka botlalo ikemetseng 'me ho ka ke ea laoloang ho tswa ho ka ntle.

cowling

"Rokot" lerumo e hlomelloa le fairing ka, e neng e reretsoe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa tlhahiso khoebo ea rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng sa. E hlomamisa ka seletsa lekareche sethaleng ka holimo. Ho na le tse peli tsa 7,8 limithara ka bolelele, e leng hammoho ba le elliptical foromo ea 2,5 ho 2,62 limithara le bophara ba. Beha payload ke bwa nzoto 5.9 limithara ka bophahamo.

The fairing sireletsa rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng ho tloha aerodynamic, mogote le mexri litšusumetso ikitlaetsa ka mo nakong ya balehelang ho sepakapakeng. Ha ho siea ho Lata fairing e lokolloa ka ho bula notlela phetha molao, e fastening pedi halofo likhetla hammoho moleng paatsepama ho arohana ke sesebediswa pyrotechnic kenngoa ka nko ea fairing ena. Ka nako eo moleng tshekaletseng tsa karohano thunya tsekema 'maloa ho phatloha, ho lumella fairing ho qhalakanyetsa laterally ka molamu selemo. Loop botlaaseng ba chenchana ka tataiso ea koloi le karohano e hlakileng.

Storage le lonthja oona tsamaisong

Ho fapana le SS-19, e leng tla qala ho tloha merafong ea launch, ba microcyteme Lata "Rokot" hlahisoang ho tswa ho tsamaisa le lonthja setshelo ka cosmodrome Plesetsk, Russia. The metsu li boloketsoe bakeng sa nako e telele, ho hloka taolo ea maemo a leholimo le lula re ena le naetrojene sepakapaka. Lipalangoang le tlhomamiso ka sebaka lonthja boela tsa etsa ka setshelo. Ho feta moo, setshelo kenyelletsa ditokiseletso mekhoa ea ho lokisetsa pele ho lonthja le ho sireletsa tikoloho.

Pele a qala ho o atolosoa, 'me ka booster e seta payload, ho ba sethaleng ka holimo le fairing. Ho hokahanya setshelo bakeng refueling likarolo hammoho le matla a le ho data ya usb. Ba le boemong bo lokileng Lata "rumble" e itšetlehile ka lesale qetellong ea setshelo. Nakong ea sefofane se tloha lik'hebole discontinuous ba hakolla tsamaiso ea ho phetha molao feela. Nakong ya tlhomelo ya sesebediswa e tataisoa ke rails tse peli. setshelo sireletsa lonthja sebaka sa mesi e kotsi enjene, le e sebediswa hang.

lintlha tse thahasellisang

The tsoibiloang tsa rockets "Rokot" tla khaotsa ho ka ka 2017 ka mor'a hore tshebediso ya ho ne ho reriloe simolodisiwa ga kumo 'muso le tsa khoebo.

Lebitso SS-19 Stiletto - NATO ke lebitso bakeng sa mofuta ona wa ICBM. SS e emela tsamaiso "fatše-fatše" 'me palo ea 19 le lebitso "Stiletto" abeloa ho mofuta ona wa metsu Intercontinental ballistic. Russia, ofisiri lebitso la SS-19 - RS-18 le Ure-100N.

Ntho e molemo ka sebaka Lata "Rokot o re:" tšepahala lona, e leng e tiisoa ke 27 simolodisiwa ga kumo le atlehileng. tsoa 29. Ho 150 phatlalatsang SS-19 3 feela ba ne ba atleha qalong ea tshebetso ka 1970. Teko simolodisiwa ga kumo tsa SS-19 'me a "Rokot" li tšoaroa selemo le selemo e le karolo ea ho hlahloba ho tšepahala ha rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng' me lithuto tsa mabotho a bokahohleng.