Polotsk Principality: histori, thuto. Culture tsa Principality tsa Polotsk

Ka linaheng tsa boholo-holo tsa Belarus ne tse seng kae dozen re nyenyane. Empa kholo ka ho fetisisa le ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ne ba nkoa Polotsk le Turov Principality. Tlas'a puso ea bona e ne e e-ea liprofinseng tse nyenyane. Tse kang Pinsk, Minsk, Vitebsk le ba bang. A sehloohong sena a re sheba historing ea thuto, setso le babusi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa le tsebahalang thuto setjhaba - the Principality tsa Polotsk.

U ka utloa hore principality tsa Polotsk - pele Belarusian naha. Kahoo, ho e. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, ha ho buuoa ka lekhetlo la pele ba ka tšimoloho ea likamano feudal ho matleng a Polotsk naha. E ne e le mona, ka tsela e tummeng metsi "ho tswa ho Vikings ho Bagerike" le thehoa matla ka ho fetisisa principality Belarusian meloko (Radimichi Krivichi Dregovichi).

sebopeho

Hammoho ho na le e ne e le principality tsa Polotsk linaheng Belarusian? Ka bomalimabe, e le karabo ea potso ena ke e sa hantle ho ka khonehang. Ho fihlela joale, ho na le a lula a mehloli se ngotsweng kapa oa fumana lintho tse epolotsoeng, ke eo e mong ka fumana ha ho thehoa ha Principality tsa Polotsk qala. Bo-rahistori ba ke likhopolong feela. Le khopolo e tloaelehileng haholo e bitsoa IX lekholong la lilemo la. E ne e ka nako eo nyamela mabitleng a kopanetsweng (barrows telele). Ho ena le hoo, ho ne ho le mong tutulu, bonyane - di behuwe ka bobedi. Bo-rasaense ba ho hlalosa 'nete ena e fokolisang matla a leloko le maqhama meloko. Ho phaella moo, ho ke ke lilemong tsa bo-IX, ho qala ho bonahala phapang sehlopha sa pakeng tsa mabitleng le. Ba bang ba ile khabisitsoeng ka bitsa chelete e ngata, ha tse ling - bonolo haholo. Sena ke e bontsha gore go ya lekane thepa.

Tribe karohano ka barui le mafutsana e entse hore ho ho hlaha ha nobility, ea ileng a towered fetela ho litho tse ling tsa sechaba, 'me catches matla bohareng. Ea nobility e, le eena, a ema ka ntle ke likhosana tsa moo. Ba lined maphelong a bona motse o nang le marako, tse neng li batla ho bolokehile le meloko ea bona. Ho joalo, ka halofo e qalang ea lekholo la lilemo la IX e nobility meloko Krivichy haha motse le ho sebaka seo nōka ea phalla ka Polota Bophirimela Berezina. Mona, ho tloha motseng bokella sethabathaba.

metse e 'mè oa Belarusian

History ea Principality tsa Polotsk qala ka nako le ho bōptjoa ha motse oa Polotsk. Pele ho buuoa ea molao ea motse ke ea selemo 862. Leha ho le joalo, bo-rahistori ba pheha khang ea hore o ile a bonahala haholo pele ho moo. Kahoo, ka karolo e undated tsa "Tale tsa fetileng Years" (e Chronicle ea boholo-holo linaheng Maslav) e bua ka lebitso la "Polotsk" ka nako le "Kriviches". E ka etsa qeto ea hore esita le linakong tse Krivichy abelwang karolo ya boemong arohaneng le motse-moholo oa eona ka Polotsk. Nako e telele pele Vikings pele hlaha ka lefatšeng, 'me e bopa ea Khale Russia naha.

City amohetse lebitso la lona ka lebaka la nōka, eo e teng ka e le mabopong a. Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, o haufi le ho fedisa la nōka ea horuloa ka Polota Bophirimela Berezina.

tšimong ea

Polotsk le Turov magosana ba ile ba behoa ka linaheng tse infertile haholo. Leha ho le joalo Polack o Molemo o mong oa bohlokoa. Mona ke mateanong a litsela a litsela tsa bohlokoa tsa kgwebisano tsa Berezina, Dvina le Neman. Ke hore, tsela metsi "ho tswa ho Vikings ho Bagerike." Sena se tlatselitse eseng feela hore tsoelo-pele ea khoebo le moruo ka mmuso, empa hape ile a etsa hore batho ba bangata ba fallelang lichaba tse ling le lichaba ka naheng ea Polotsk. 'Me sebaka sa principality le ile a pota-potiloe ke meru sa finyellehe habonolo, e leng o ile a sebeletsa e le tšireletso e ka tšeptjoang ho lira. Me lira Polochans bokella le ho feta le ho feta selemo le selemo. Ho tloha Principality laola litsela tsa khoebo ne a sa rate e re boahelani - Kiev le Novgorod. Eo qetellong ba ile ea etsa hore liqabang paballo ya naha le tšollo ea mali e khōlō.

Polotsk e kenyelleditswe se feela naha ea Polotsk, empa hape e le karolo ea tšimo ea Dregovichi, Lithuanian le melokong ea Sefinnishe. Polochans lula ho pholletsa le Bophirimela Dvina, canvases, hammoho le matamong Berezina, Neman le Svisloch. Sebōpeho sa principality akarelletsa metse e joalo e khōlō ka Minsk, Vitebsk, Orsha, Borisov, Logoisk, Zaslavl, Drutsk, Lukoml le ba bang. Kahoo, nakong ea IX-XIII le makholo a lilemo e ne e le e khōlō le e matla boemo European.

pele Prince

Ha ho buuoa ka lekhetlo la pele ba moemphera ba kopane le principality tsa Polotsk, ka halofo ea bobeli ea X lekholong la lilemo la. Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka Chronicle e reng, "valadaryu, trymau kea knyazhyu Ragvalod Polatskayu zyamleyu".

Norman Rogvolod "e ne e tsoa leoatle", 'me a busa ho tloha 972 978 ka selemo. nako ena e nkoa e le sethaleng e qetellang ea sebopeho sa le Principality tsa Polotsk. mmuso o ntshetswa pele meeli ea eona, tse metseng ka tsamaiso ea lipolotiki le tsa tsamaiso, thehoa lebotho le matla, o ile a qala ho hloma likamano khoebo. The konokono tsa histori le setsi sa e-ba motse oa Polotsk.

Princess nang le mabitso a mararo

History ea Principality tsa Polotsk - ka histori ea loanela ho boipuso, e neng e ile ea qetella e lahlehile. Ho joalo, ka 980, linaheng ba ne ba nkoa e le karolo ea Khale boemo Serussia. The Principality fetohile e ladica i sehlopha pakeng tsa ho loana ebe Novgorod le Kiev.

Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka Chronicle, e 978, Prince Rogvolod ho matlafatsa ho meeli ea boemo ba bona, o ile a etsa qeto ea ho fana ka morali oa hae ba khosana ea Kiev Rogneda Jaropolk, ho latola ka nako e tšoanang Vladimir Svyatoslavich (hlahlama moemphera ho tloha Novgorod Rurik leloko la borena la). Ne a ke ke ema le ho tlotloloha, Vladimir itsohlometsa eaba Polotsk, bolaoa Rogvolod le bara ba hae ba babeli, 'me Rogneda likhoka o ile a nka mosali oa hae ka ho fana ka lebitso la hae Gorislava. Joale e ntan'o ba Khosana ea Novgorod, hapa Kiev 'me ba tlisa ho Polotsk bolumeli bo bocha - Bokreste.

Ho ea ka "Tale tsa fetileng Years" ka Rogneda le Vladimir ne e le bara ba bane: Izyaslav (Khosana ea Polotsk), Yaroslav Mudry (Khosana ea Kiev le Novgorod), Vsevolod (Vladimir-Volyn khosana) le Mstislav (Chernigov Prince). Hammoho le barali ba babeli Premislava, eo hamorao a ileng a nyaloa ke László Baldy (Ugric morena), 'me Predslava, ea e-ba mosali oa Boleslaw III le Lefubelu (Czech Prince).

Mora Rogneda Vladimir o ile a leka ho mo bolaea le mora oa hae Izyaslav (interceded pele ntat'ae bakeng sa 'mè oa hae) o ile a romela ka ho Polotsk, motse Izjaslavl. The khosatsana nka lesira 'me a nka lebitso boraro - Anastasia.

Maruo le Principality tsa Polotsk

The 988 baahi Izjaslavl memeloa Rogneda mora le Vladimir Izjaslava ho busa. E ile ea e tummeng ka tona-mongoli le distributor tsa litumelo ncha, Bokreste, ka naha Polotsk. E qala ka Izyaslav lekala le lecha ka Rurik lesika - Izyaslavich (Polotsk). Litloholo tsa Izyaslav, ho fapana le ea bana ba barab'abo, o ile a hatisa kamano ea bona le Rogvolod ( 'mè). Ba ipitsa Rogvolodovichami.

Izyaslav shoa mocha (ka: 1001), kaha o ile a pholoha 'mè oa hae Rogneda feela selemo se le seng. Polotsk principality o ile a qala ho busa mora oa hae e monyenyane Bryachislav Izyaslavich. Ho fihlela 1044 moemphera khanna leano hae ikemiseditse ho atolosa naha. Nka monyetla ka ho qabana 'me ho fokolisa Russia, Bryachislav tšoara Novgorod le lilemo tse hlano e neng e tšoaretsoe matla le malome oa hae Yaroslav e Bohlale eo. Ka nako e tšoanang e ile ea hahoa 'me motse Bryachislavl (Braslav ea kajeno).

lipalesa

Bophahamo ba matla a eona a ho principality tsa Polotsk fihla ka 1044-1101 GG., Nakong ea puso ea Vseslava Veschego mora Prince Brjachislav. Ho tseba hore o tla loana tsa lefu le bophelo, khosana ho fihlela bohareng ba bo 60-ogy XI lekholong la lilemo la ile a lokisetsa ntoa - e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane toropong, o ile a bokella lebotho la ntoa. Ho joalo, Polotsk o ile a susumelletseha ho banka letona la Bophirimela Dvina, ho tsona ka melomo ea Polota.

Vseslav Polotsk qala ho atolosa naha hole ho ea ka leboea, meloko laola Latgale le Liv. Leha ho le joalo, ka 1067, ha a ne a le ho hahlaula naha Novgorod boa ka ba atleha, khosana le bara ba hae o ne a haptjoa ke Izyaslav Yaroslavich, 'me boemo ba ile haptjoa. Empa ka mor'a selemo le sechaba se tletseng borabele lokolloa Vseslav, 'me o ile a khona ho boela ba fumane lahlehile fatše.

From 1069 1072 e principality tsa Polotsk ile a etella pele khaotseng le sabbath bloody sabbath ntoa le Kiev sovereigns. Ho e haptjoang ka Smolensk principality, hammoho le karolo ea Chernigov naha ka leboea. Lilemong tseo, ea baahi ba motse-moholo oa principality e ne e le batho ba fetang mashome a mabeli tse sekete.

oang

Ka mor'a lefu la Vseslav ka 1101, bara ba hae arola principality ka fiefdoms: Vitebsk, Minsk, Polotsk, Logoisk le ba bang. Le ka 1127 le mora oa Vladimira Monomaha, nka monyetla ka ho se tšoane pakeng tsa likhosana, ka hlōla 'me sacked Polotsk. Izyaslavich o ne a batšoaruoa, 'me joale ka ho feletseng lelekoa ho Byzantium hōle. Ho joalo, ho ea qetellong ea ea XII lekholong la lilemo la matla a Principality tsa Polotsk ka lebaleng la boithabiso machaba a qetella a oela, 'me karolo ea masimong a sa tšoara Novgorod le Chernigov.

Ka XIII lekholong la lilemo la ka Polotsk e otla le lecha bothata - the Order tsa Sabole, eo hamorao e ileng ea Livonian. Hang-hang Prince Vladimir tsa Polotsk loanne masole a bolumeli a ka lilemo tse fetang mashome a mabeli, empa ho ba thibela o ne a sa ka tlas'a sebetse. E ne e le qalo ea ho fela ha ho itaola. Le ka 1307 Polotsk fetoha karolo ea Grand Duchy oa Lithuania.

Culture tsa Principality tsa Polotsk

E principality ena e se e le sebaka seo ho sona hlahile ho statehood Belarusian le setso le ho ngola. Ka Polotsk amanang le mabitso a kang Evfrosiniya Polotskaya, Lazar Bogsha, Frantsisk Skorina, Kirill Turovsky le Simeon tsa Polotsk. Ba boikakaso ba sechaba Belarusian.

Le qaleha ea Bokreste ka mehaho Polotsk o ile a qala ho ntshetsa pele. Ho joalo, pele moholohali mohaho ona o Lejoe e-Polotsk St. Sophia Cathedral, e hahiloeng ka 1050 ea. Le ka 1161 ho jeweler Lazar Bogsha ileng ba bōptjoa e tsoileng matsoho ea bonono dirisega ea Slavs e ka bochabela - e ikhethang le sefapano se Euphrosyne. XIII lekholong la lilemo la e ne e le nako eo ka eona ho na le e ne e le puo e Belarusian.