Machaba Red Book: liphoofolo. Ke mang ea etella Red Book?

. Tšimoloho ea lekholong la XX, ea Senyesemane rasaense J. Darrell hulela e papiso: lefatsheng - lohle web, 'me haeba ke ho thetsana hanyenyane, ho ke ke, ka molemo ka ho fetisisa, e tla thothomela,' me ka mpe ka ho fetisisa - lekhalo le bonahala. Le batho ba nang le tsoelo-pele ea botekgeniki sisinya lefatše, ho bōpa phunya lesoba ka eona, e leng se ka etsahala hore ho koaloa. Sena se haholo-holo e ama limela le liphoofolo tsa lefatše: fela mefuta e fapaneng ea liphoofolo, limela, li-fungus, boteng ba bangata ba bona ba baahi lefatšeng hona joale tsebang feela ba lintho tse epolotsoeng palaeontological. Hona seo se tla fa litloholo tsa rona? Ba tla lokela ho ithuta ho se tšoane ea pele ea lefatše phoofolo ka litšoantšo ka li-encyclopedia le litšupiso tsa histori?

Moloko oa batho o neng-neng a tlameha ho kena ho utloisisa hore tikoloho tsa tlhaho tlameha ho a sireletsa le ho lebeloa. Le ka lebaka la boiteko ba ho boloka na le limela le liphoofolo e ne e le Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Red Book. History ea pōpo a thahasellisa haholo.

Ho tlile joang hore la Red Book

Se hōle 1902. Paris Congress ya litsebi tsa baeloji ho tloha lefatšeng ho pota, taba ea bohlokoa - tshireletso ya linonyana. Mora e ngata litlaleho tse ka lekhetlo la pele ho etsa qeto e entsoeng ka ho sireletsa mefuta-futa ena ea polanete ea saenelwa Tumellano International bakeng sa Tshireletso ya Linonyana, eo e neng e le moholo-holo oa morao-rao Red Book.

Ho ile ha nka lilemo tse fetang mashome a mane. Lefatše lohle le hlaphoheloa ho tswa ho Second Ntoa ea Lefatše. 1948, ka mo tlase ga UNESCO, o bōpile batho bao e seng ea 'muso mokgatlo - the Paballo World Union - IUCN (IUCN). Se ka 1949, ho IUCN theha le " 'mele supervisory" - Komisi ka mefuta ea setseng.

Maikemisetso ka sehloohong

The Paballo Union World e bolela hore na mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa ho pholoha mefuta ea Komisi ea:

• ithuta boemo ba mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea limela, li-fungus le liphoofolo;
• hlwaya mefuta le kotsing e khōlō ea ho fela;
• hlahisa diporojeke tsa lilekane machaba, likopano;
• ngola lethathamo la mefuta e kotsing ea ho fela;
• ho fana ka ditharollo bakeng sa ho pholosa dimela kotsing ea ho fela.

Re hlalosoa lipakane le maikemisetso, empa ke eng e tlang? 'Me, e le hangata ho le joalo, ho kenya tshebetsong bona e ile ea lieha ... Ho bile hoo e ka bang 20 lilemo tse. 1963, hlooho ea thōmo ea Piter Skott e fana ka lethathamo la liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho fela, lebitso la e leng - International Red Book. litho thōmo ile a botsa: "Ke hobane'ng ha e khubelu?", Ho eo Scott o ile a araba: "Red - 'mala oa kotsi,' me seo se bolela hore e le hore re ka ba lahleheloa ke e nyenyane eo re nang le sona."

Ka mor'a nakoana, ho khumo leseli la khatiso ea pele, ka meqolo e 'meli, joaloka eo almanakeng deske. E ne e akarelletsa mefuta e 312 ea linonyana le mefuta e 211 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang. buka ena e ile ea romeloa ho baamoheli itseng - ho bo-rasaense le ba phahameng sechabeng. Bakeli ea Tome sa pele feela sa phoofolo e ka tlasa ho fetola, e le tlhabololwa ga ya data baamoheli romela lishiti tse ncha ho e-na ea khale.

Liphetoho le katoloso: a tatellano ea liketsahalo

Ho fihlela ka 1980, le Lefubelu Book e hatisitsoe ka makhetlo a mararo: ho fetola fomata, e ile ea eketseha palo ea meqolo e, tlhahisoleseding e fapa-fapaneng ka mefuta eohle ea (4, th khatiso ho bonahala eka a hlaphoheloa 13 mefuta e), fetohile mohaho.

From 1988 ho 1998. tsoela International Red Book - lethathamo la liphoofolo tse bitsoa "Red List of Mefuta bang kotsing." Ka la 5 la mananeo le e hatisitsoeng ka lilemo tse 10. Ba ba e le sebōpeho sa le Lefubelu Book, empa ba le fomate ya fapane ka ho feletseng, le mefuta e fapaneng tlhophiso. Ho joalo, lethathamo li entsoe ka diyuniti tse pedi, tse arotswe taxa eketsehileng. Hoa thahasellisa hore e mong oa taxa ba mefuta tseo a ileng a atleha ho botlamuoeng.

E le mananeo, le Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Red Book ke IUCN le Paballo World Tlhokomelo Center (Cambridge, UK). Mo tlase ga tsa banna IUCN likete tsa Komisi ka mefuta e sa tloaelehang ho ameha ka ho hlahloba boitsebiso, e kentse boitsebiso le ho hatisa libuka. Ho leboha ho mosebetsi oa bona, re tseba mofuta ofe ea liphoofolo tse hlokang tšireletso, 'me ba bang ba bona, ka bomalimabe, re e-s'o bone lefatšeng.

ponahalo ea

Joang International Red Book? Ho ntle thahasellisang Tome, e leng a batla a re hopotsang mookoli: sekoahelo sa mmala khanyang sekareleta, 'me likarolo tsa mebala e fapaneng (khubelu, e ntšo, e tšoeu, e tala,' mala o mosehla, o moputsoa). Bakeng sa ba bangata hlaha potso mabapi le hore moo Book Red e bolokwa. Ka lehlohonolo, ke taba ea sechaba, kahoo, ho ka fumanoa ho na le laebrari efe kapa efe e ntle. Ba bang ba batho ba ratang lintho tsa tlhaho ba khetha ho ba le eona ka pokellong buka ea ka e.

Joale a re ke re bue haholo ka karolo ka 'ngoe. Tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le liphoofolo tsa International Red Book e conventionally arotsoe ka likarolo tse tšeletseng:

• mefuta e foqohe;
• le kotsing 'me a fumanoa seoelo liphoofolo tse;
• mefuta e tse itima lijo tsa nyamela;
• mefuta e fokola;
• monyenyane tsebahalang mefuta;
• Liphoofolo hore ha ho hlokahale tšireletso.

Ka lebaka la sena ho bonolo ho fumana boitsebiso bo mabapi le phoofolo e itseng.

mefuta khouto

Baemeli ba karolo ka 'ngoe ea Red Book na khouto bona.

Maqepheng a ba batsho tsa folio beha liphoofolo tse foqohe (EX) le liphoofolo foqohe tsa tlhaho (cha); khubelu leqephe - mefuta e ba tlokotsing (vappa) le nyatsa-nyatsa kotsing ea ho fela (CR); Maqephe mosehla - kotsing ea ho fela mefuta e (VN); tšoeu maqephe - mefuta e tse haufi le puso ba tlokotsing (NT); ea bohlooho leqephe - seoelo ithutile (CD); Tala Pages - mefuta e le kotsi e tlaase-tlaase tsa fela (LC).

Ke boitsebiso bofe bo tse ling tse kenyeletsang International Red Book? Photos ea liphoofolo. Ha ho pelaelo hore ka maqephe a buka e tlang ho ya data tsa likokoana-hloko e fumaneha setšoantšong mefuta ena (ntle le phoofolo foqohe ea, ponahalo ea eona e lefsa kapa hlakileng, kapa o sebedise Grafiken ya khomphuta ya hao).

Mona ke International Red Book. Liphoofolo tse fanoa ka eona tse sa tšoaneng. Mabapi le tsoelo-pele ea lesedi saense lula ntlafalitsoeng, phaella ka ho re mefuta e mecha 'me ba bang liphoofolo tse fetola boemo ba bona ka lebaka la liketso tsa tikoloho. Le e ke ke ea hlōleha ho khahlisa!

Likhatiso lebatowa ya Red Book

Ho bua ka Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Red Book, ho ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho na le analogues: ka mohlala, International Red Book la Ukraine le International Red Book ea Russia. Liphoofolo, tseo li na le boitsebiso libukeng tse kang, phela (kapa ba kile ba lula) libakeng boletseng.

Ha e ntse e ile, e leng khatiso lebatowa ya Red Book e na le boitsebiso bo qaqileng haholoanyane ka mefuta eohle ea, ho fapana machaba. Ntlha ena ke e loketseng e le hantle hore libaka ho tloha qalong li bua haholo ka ho liphoofolo bath ea sebakeng sena, palo le ea mofuta ofe eo e fapana haholo ho tloha ka bophara. Ka hona, boitsebiso ba hlahlobisisa ka ho feletseng ho feta 'me kamehla ntlafalitsoeng.

libuka Regional boetse ho na le e fapaneng ho tloha tlhahiso ea machaba ea moralo, e sala e sa fetohe feela khubelu sekoahelo.

Joale, a re tsepamisa maikutlo ka exemplar hlaheletseng ka ho fetisisa tsa liphoofolo, tse le haufi le ho fela le a thathamisitsoe ho e le kotsing ea ho fela.

Machaba Red Book Amur nkoe (Panthera Tigris altaica)

Amur Tiger (Ussuri) ka Red Book e bontšoa joang le pono nyenyane (vappa) karolong e ka leboea Russia. Esita le tse 100 tse fetileng, palo ea liphoofolo tse baloa ka likete, empa ka lebaka la ho tsoma baahi o ile a qala ho fokotseha sharply. Kajeno ho Amur nkoe baahi e batlang e 500 batho ka bomong.

mofuta ona wa - e mong oa baemeli ba 'maloa tsa lelapa la katse hore e ikamahanya le maemo ho tlelaemete sehlōhō ea taiga ena. A tšobotsi e khethehileng ea potlana ena - tse hlano disentimitara lera la mafura a ka mpa, e leng lumella u ho jara katse feteletseng batang.

Machaba Red Book: liphoofolo tse - leopard (Panthera uncia)

Snow lengau (irbis, lehloa lengau) - katse o moholo o lulang libakeng tse lithaba tsa Asia Bohareng. Ho fihlela e le qalo ea lekholong la XX, lehloa mangau tse sa kgokahanyo bohlokoa khoebong ea boea. Ho fihlela joale, ho tsoma lehloa lengau e thibetsoe, le boitsebiso bo mabapi le phoofolo e na le Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Red Book. Snow mangau a classified e le mefuta e kotsing ea ho fela (EN).

Visayas warty fariki (Efese cebifrons)

Visayas warty fariki lulang lefatšeng, feela lihlekehlekeng tse peli - Panay le Negro (The sehlopha sa lihlekehleke Philippine). Ka lebaka la linomoro kobo-anela ho tsoma baahi ba likolobe bakeng sa lilemo tse 60 o ne a fokotswa ke e ngata kamoo ho 80%! Ho tloha ka 1998 Visayas warty fariki lebela International Red Book. Liphoofolo li nkoa mefuta le kotsing (EN).

Nkoe quoll (Dasyurus maculatus)

Quoll (nkoe katse) a lebitso la eona le ka lebaka la ho tšoana lona ho marten le katse. Kajeno, ea mofuta ona e Martens lula baahi ba babeli ba ka thōko sa lebōpo la leoatle Australia (o ka leboea - Queensland, ka bochabela - ho tloha karolong e ka boroa Queensland ke Tasmania). Tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le Martens marsupial e na le Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Red Book. Liphoofolo tsa mefuta ena ba le boemo ba haufi le boemo ba tlokotsing (NT).

Largetooth sawfish (Pristis microdon)

Largetooth sawfish (ramp-pristiophorus) - moahi oa metsi mabopong tsa Pacific le maoatleng Indian. Ba phela le botlamuoeng ha lilemo tse fetang 7. The Red Book pylori o na le boemo ba "nyatsa-nyatsa kotsing ea ho fela» (CR).

Seburmese nosed va Monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri)

Seburmese snub-nosed va Monkey (snub-nosed va Monkey Stryker) e le mefuta e sa tsejoa ho litsebi feela ka 2010. E lulang ho eona mefuta ena ea litšoene feela karolong e ka leboea Burma. lebitso la lona e ne e le ka lebaka la ho phahametse ea sibolotseng lona le sebopeho sa tloaelehang nko - the linkong tsa snub-nosed va Monkey hlahile ho. Hobane litšobotsi ena anatomical tsa Seburmese sneezes Monkey ka pula - marotholi a ho oa metsi ka nko ea hae. Se ka 2012, Monkey Seburmese ile thathamisitsoeng ka boemo ba kotsing ea ho fela - nyatsa-nyatsa kotsing ea ho fela (CR). Kajeno ho na le ka bang 300 motho ka mong Myanmar snub-nosed va Monkey.

a lekanyelitsoeng rona e haufi-ufi - orangutan (Pongo)

Orangutan - haholo tsoene sefate, sebōpeho sa DNA lona e haufi-ufi ho DNA ea motho. Abelwang karolo ya Sumatran le Kalimantan orangutans (phapang e ka boholo - kholoanyane Kalimantan). Lebaka la phokotseho ea baahi ba - rema meru pula (tikoloho ea orangutans) le bosholu ba.

Sumatran orangutan tse thathamisitsoeng ka boemo ba kotsing ea ho fela - nyatsa-nyatsa kotsing ea ho fela (CR); orangutan Bornean hlahisa le boemo ba "mefuta e ba tlokotsing» (vappa). tšepo ea hlola ka ho sa hore mofuta ona o tla tsoela pele ka ho zoos le mehloli tlhaho.

Caspian tiiso (Phoca caspica)

Tiiso la Caspian (Caspian tiiso) fallela pakeng karolong e ka leboea ea Caspian Leoatle le Urals. Esita le tse 100 tse fetileng, palo ea litiiso ne batho ba fetang milione, kajeno ba palo ea batlang e fihla 100 tse sekete. Sesosa: boima bosholu ba, tšilafalo ea metsi, ho fetoha ha boemo ba leholimo. tiiso la Caspian e ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book ka mefuta eo e le haufi le ho fela (EN).

Qetellong

Monna eo o bonahala e le sebōpuoa sa kahlolo e molemo, empa leha ho le joalo e mindlessly timetsa masimo, meru, "fetola linōka morao", ho iterate ka ho tsoma, bosholu ba. The dipatlisiso ea boitšoaro joalo thuso - the nyamele mefuta ea limela le liphoofolo.

Red buka, tsoa ka le leseli, o ile a totobatsa setjhaba ho kae kotsi e se tlisa batho ba tikoloho ea tlhaho. Ya e le hantle, mefuta e meng ea, ka bomalimabe, ba tla sala ho libuka le histori, empa ho na le ba e ka bolokoa bakeng sa meloko e tlang.

Thanks ho lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsohle zoological le mehloli, tse etsa monehelo le ea bohlokoa haholo ho ho pholosa dimela! Empa a sa ntse haholo hore e mong le motho a le lefatšeng e tlatselitse ho pholosa tikoloho, le Red Book e kamehla replenished maqephe tala.

Earthlings! Hopola hore re haholo lokela ho hlokomela lefatše, e leng e ntse e utloa bohloko re leha ho le joalo ba ananela 'me ba boloka mofuta hore potolohileng rōna,' me ha ho mohla nkileng ka motsotsoana lebala hore e mong le sebōpuoa se ka lefatše ke ho hlokahala hore le bohlokoa! Liphoofolo - baahelani ba rōna ka mose ho lefatše, ha liaparo le lijo!