Likanono: tobileng kakaretso, sebopeho, kopo, GOST

Bakeng sa lekala la ditshebeletso mohaho ona o ke tloaelehileng le le tlwaetsego khopolo e kang likanono. GOST 28013 (amohelehang 'me a beha ka ho mo qobella ke State stroykomiteta №7 USSR ka 1989;. Ho ne ho nkeloa sebaka ke Standard tšoanang, amohetsweng ke State Komiti ea Russia №30 1998 Construction eaba ba kena ka ho mo qobella ho tloha July 1999) e tlhalosa tsela e sete ya ka dipehelo "seretse Remix", "omileng seretse", "tharollo" le etsang qeto ea hore ditlhoko tekanyetso ea tobileng tšoanang le mabapi le ho lokisetsa, lipalangoang, le rasiti le boleng litsupa bona.

Ka lehlakoreng le ele hloko: litekanyetso tsena u se ke ua sebetsa ho mocheso le lik'hemik'hale likanono manganga.

seretse ke eng?

Sebopeho sa tharollo ke ho qapa le ho kopanya ka ho feletseng ho fihlela dikarolo boreleli: binder, aggregate e metle 'me e tsoaka. Haeba ho hlokahala, additives khethehileng a ka li ekeletsoa tharollo. Conventionally le binder, e fana ka tharollo ea elasticity, sebetsang sebakeng sa hae e le samente, gypsum kapa kalaka. Filler ke ka tloaelo ho lehlabathe, e le ho tsoaka - metsi.

Ha e hloke ho phekola, ka botlalo loketse ho sebelisoa ka mor'a o tlohang dikarolo hlokahalang e tsebahalang seretse seretse. Seretse Remix ka 'na bopilwe metsoako omileng, tsoakane ka fekthering. Sena seo ho thoeng ke omileng seretse. O ile a koala metsi pele ho sebelisoa.

Le boima ba tiile lipelo tšoanang Lejoe maiketsetso, ao ho 'ona ho binder tlama hammoho lehlabathe likaroloana, ka tsela eo ho fokotsa khohlano, o ile a bua ka e le tharollo.

likanono: tobileng Kakaretso

Likanono tse classified e le latelang.

Ho itšetlehile ka binder ka sebopeho di khetholloa:

1. Bonolo le 'ngoe karolo - samente, kalaka kapa gypsum. E le busa, denoted ke karo-karolelano ea 1: 2, 1: 3, moo ho 1 - e le karolo (karoloana) ya binder le, palo ea bobeli - kamoo likotoana tse ngata tsa filler ekeletsoa karolo e itseng ea binder le.

2. rarahaneng kopantsweng, multicomponent. Ena, ka mohlala, samente, a lejoe la mokoetla, a lejoe la mokoetla, gypsum, letsopa le litlhaka, kalaka le molora, 'me ba bang. Na o ile a bontša ka ho lipalo tse tharo: ho binder khōlō, le binder phaella ka, e filler.

Ka palo ea binder le lehlabathe e ngata itšetlehile. Ho na le likanono:

1. Normal. Tšoauoa ka e karo-karolelano homolog tsa binder le filler.

2. mafura. Tšoauoa ka e feteletseng ea binder fa shrinkage e khōloanyane nakong tlhomamiso, mapetsong (ka e tenya deposition). E behilweng ke ikakhela thupa ka tharollo e - motsoako mafura encapsulating ka e tenya.

3. Lean. Tšoauoa ka ho hloka, e nyenyane ea binder, hoo e batlang e ha ho na shrinkage, homolog tsa lera la. Ba hlalosoa tjena: ke ikakhela thupa ka motsoako tharollo ha khomarela eona.

Ke thepa ya likanono binders ba arotsoe ka:

- moea - solidification bona le hlaha ho moea maemo omileng (gypsum);

- haeteroliki - dithulaganyo solidification qala le ho tsoela pele moeeng tikolohong e mongobo, mohlala, ka metsi a (samente).

Ho itšetlehile ka ka lehlabathe sebelisoa, ebang tloaelehileng tsa tlhaho, lithaba, noka kapa ho bobebe porous (atolosoa letsopa, pumice, tuff), ho na le boima (ho tloha ka 1500 segokanyipalo lik'hilograma / m3 profinseng omileng) le khanya (ho fihlela ho 1500 lik'hilograma / m3) likanono. Boleng aggregate tshusumetso ka ho toba le ho eketseha ka matla tsa sehlahisoa ho qetela. Kahoo, ha e bapisoa le slag e, ho kopanya le binder le kaho lehlabathe ntle le manya (letsoai matsoai, letsopa lefika inclusions) eketsa matla a ya tharollo ho 40%.

The karo-karolelano ditirisanommogo ka metsing hape ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka ba lokisetsa ho ea ditharollo: lebaka la ho hloka tharollo lona e tšoauoa ka se tenyetsehe, e feteletseng - delamination, oo ka oona boleng tsa litšobotsi tse matla li fokotsehile.

Netefatso ya e le hantle hore le seretse (GOST 28013-98) itokisetsa hantle ho latela melao-motheo ea boleng le karo-karolelano e nepahetseng ea metsoako e lakatsehang ke workability lona. E etsoang ka mechine, polasetiki sebopeho ke khona ho tlatsa likheo tsohle, hantle katiloe, katiloe, ha e felloa, ha li fang, ha e phonyohe hammoho maboteng. Ka tlaase ka ho tsoaka le phaella ka ho re le binder tharollo fetoha feta ductile, empa sena isang shrinkage phahameng nakong ea solidification ea lintho tse bonahalang ho haha 'me kahoo sebopeho sa mapetsong.

Lula u nahana ka lintho tse botekgeniki tsa seretse metsoako le tharollo, entsprechen tsohle li laoloa ke melao-motheo ea morao-rao.

litšobotsi tse ya boleng ba seretse

Bohlokoa boleng entsprechen seretse protrude karolelano segokanyipalo, bokhoni ba ho tšoara metsi, le tsamaiso le peelability. The tshebediso ya tlase binder ka ditlhoko le behilweng ka motsoako, e molemo. Ha motsoako o bile nako ea ho tšoara kapa unfreeze, e tieo thibetsoe ho eketsa le ho tsoaka. Ho fihlela thepa ea e lakatsehang ke bohlokoa ho hantle lokisa seretse Remix, dispense, fetola lintho tse bonahalang tse ho 'ona. E lokela ho ba cyclical mixers (tsoelang pele mofuta), matla a khoheli (a qobelle) khato. Ka phoso ena lumeletsoe tsa ho fihlela ho 2% amanang le ho tlama, e tsoaka, e omeletseng additives, ho fihlela ho 2,5 - mabapi le filler ena. Bakeng sa maemo a nakong ea mariha, tharollo mocheso lokela ho lekana le kapa moholo ho 5 ° C. The Optimum metsi mocheso gauging - 80 ° C.

Ho itšetlehile ka melao ea tsamaiso Khetholloa maloa a Brands tsa seretse:

1. PC4 - tšoauoa ka tsamaiso e tloaelehileng ea 1-4 cm, e sebelisoa ho vibrate maloanlahla ..

2. Pk8 - polaka tsamaiso e thehiloeng le diphapano ka mefuta e fapaneng ya 4 ya ho 8 cm, kamano le lesupi ba tloaelehileng (Lejoe Hollow le setene) majoe, tiling, tlhomamiso mabota (kgolo-ea le literata, kgolo-phanele a) ..

3. Pk12 -. Tsamaiso ya fetang 8 le ho fihlela ho 12 cm, e sebediswa bakeng sa ho rala ea setene tloaelehileng, lila mohaho, leboteng tšireletso, tlatsa voids.

Bokhoni ba seretse qetang ho a lokisetsa ho boloke metsi - e boetse ke e mong oa ke litsupa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Boleng Score ka vitro sebeletsa letšoao la 90% mariha, le 95% - ka ea lehlabula. Sebakeng sa tlhahiso e lokela ho feta 75% ya bokgoni kosimbaki metsi e laolwang ke ya data laboratoring. E khōlō ho segokanyipalo, a phahameng metsi ho hanyetsa. Bakeng sa fektheri seretse omileng mixes e amohelehang mongobo dikahare ho 0,1% ke boima ba 'mele.

Mabapi le peelability le segokanyipalo mahareng, mabapi le indices bobeli le ka ba le e nepahetseng ho ba ka hare ho 10%, sa e phahameng. Ha motsoako seretse ile a phaella ka moea-entraining additives, mong ka ho karolelano fokotseha segokanyipalo sekhahla ho 6% tsa morero boletseng.

melao-motheo ea boleng ho fumana tharollo

The segokanyipalo sa karolelano, serame ho hanyetsa, compressive matla - tsa motheo tsa boleng litsupa tharollo. Ho joalo, ho na le Brands 'maloa hore fumana hore na e matla ea compression axial: M4, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200.

F10, F15, F25, F35, F50, F75, F100 - letšoao bontšang serame pontshi tharollo eo e tlas'a alternately freezing - defrosting. Frost pontshi nang e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ka konkreiti, majoe, samente, tabeng ea samente le ka ntle. ditharollo All cha ba leihlo.

Segokanyipalo likanono (GOST 28013) e arotsoe boima 'me khanya bopengwi fereko ka tshebetso e ke ke e phahameng ho feta 10% ea morero e boletseng. Thata ka ho fetisisa ho nkoa e Remix konkreite. E e sebediswa ha rala metheo, kahong ea mokatong fatše. A phahameng segokanyipalo, u tla matlafala, le bobebe tharollo.

Boleng Maemo dintho kenyelelitsoe tharollo

E le lintho tse sebelisoang bakeng sa ba lokisetsa ho ea ditharollo, sebediswa samente, kalaka, gypsum tala lehlabathe, ho akarelletsa le matla a mogote tloha slags, ho phatloha hoo sebōpi slag. dikarolo tsena tsohle, hammoho le metsi bakeng sa ho likanono, lokela ho finyella litlhokahalo tse itseng joaloka ya data GOST 28013 le maemo boleng o sebetsang ho e mong le e motsoako.

filler

Bakeng sa e mong le e seretse ho itšetlehile ka ho sebelisa ha reretsoe hloka itseng filler hlokahalang mongobo. Kahoo, a loketse bakeng sa qete seretse khoahlapisitseng lehlabathe le boholo ho fihlela ho 1,25 limilimithara, e Mobu - 2,5 limilimithara, lila mohaho ka khoahlapisitseng lehlabathe a ka finyella 1-2 limilimithara, qete lila mohaho lera - se fetang 1,25 limilimithara (khoneha ho kheloha ho 0.5% ke boima ba 'mele, empa tharollo lokela ho se na ho feta 2,5 limilimithara lehlabathe khoahlapisitseng). Ha lehlabathe e sebediswa ka molora, boima ba 'mele e lokela ho ba leqhoa, makhapa hoammeng. Li le boemong bo chesang mohaho ona o lehlabathe mocheso ka 'na sa feteng 60 ° C. seretse bobebe akarelletsa ho kopanya le binder le lehlabathe porous (shungite, vermiculite, atolosoa letsopa, perlite, slag pumice, aglonirit, fofa molora le batho ba bang). Le khabisitsoeng le mytyh ditharollo entseng ho tloha lehlabathe quartz, makumane lefika khoahlapisitseng ka boholo ho fihlela ho 2,5 limilimithara (morema, 'mabole, ceramic, carbon, polasetiki). Mala lila mohaho ka mekhabisong e akarelletsa tšebeliso ea 2-5 limilimithara morema, khalase, ceramic, mashala, shale, polasetiki crumb. Colored samente-seretse lila mohaho o etsoang tsoa ka ho eketsa ho ea ho hlophisoa mala samente tharollo, likoluoa tsa tlhaho kapa maiketsetso ka mebala melao-motheo ea tshwaneleha.

additives lik'hemik'hale

Ba lokisetsa ho ea le seretse hangata e akarelletsa ho phaella ka ho re ho hlophisoa ha bona e fapaneng ho ntlafatseng boleng sehlahisoa additives lik'hemik'hale hore thibela delamination, kenya letsoho hore ho tsamaiso moholo, matla a, ntlafatsa serame ho hanyetsa ea motsoako. Sena seo ho thoeng ke Superplasticizing, plasticizers, stabilizers, metsi-kolanda kobomba, air-entraining, hatela pele ka matla a thatafatsa, retarding, antifreeze, gasket, gidrofobiliziruyuschie, bactericidal, letsa tsamaiso ea. A ho qetela tse 'nè ke tsa sebelisoa maemong a khethehileng.

Hlokahalang palo ho sebelisoe lik'hemik'hale e laolwang ke batches ka laboratoring. Hatisa ho latela melao-motheo, ha ba etsa hore ho timetsoa ha thepa, liphello e senyang ka dibopeho le sebetsa le meaho. Classified ke mofuta, etsa, ba ile ba kaofela ba na le tšōmo, e le hammoho le litlotla tekanyetso le songolo. Kahoo, thatafatsa hatela pele ka matla additives kenyeletsa sodium sulfate (CH GOST 6318, TU 38-10742) ho antifreeze - urea (carbamide) (M GOST 2081) ka The tshegetsa le go tlotla metsi - carboxymethyl selulose (de hat karaoke dc TU 6-05-386) . A lethathamo ka ho feletseng ho sebelisoe boletsweng sehlomathiso ho 28013. Standard samente seretse hlahiswa le go tlaleletsa ka manyolo (mikropenoobrazovateli) le inorganic (clays, kalaka, samente Kiln lerōle, fofa molora, joalo-joalo) plasticizers.

taolo boleng Technical

Kgwebo hore manufactures seretse, e tlamang taolo botekgeniki o etsoa ke aba metsoako e hlokahalang le ho lokisetsa e loketseng ea seretse sa. Control e etsoa hang ka battlefield. Seretse motsoako oa ea ho hlophisoa tšoanang hlahiswa ka battlefield, e tla liphathing. Ka taolo ya disampole ba romeloa ho liteko tsa laboratori tse (kgethile ho latela GOST 5802) ho bona hore litšobotsi tsohle botekgeniki.

Ha bareki ba fuoa mang ho ao boletsweng IEC 28013 tshebetso, boleng ba lihlahisoa e ka tlasa taolo ka tumellano pakeng tsa moetsi le mosebedisi.

likanono teko tšoaroa ka maemo laboratori ea ke moetsi, ha eo ho moreki ka kōpa taolo disampole seretse le seretse. Seretse Remix Ho lokolloa ka bophahamo ba modumo, seretse omileng - boima ba 'mele.

Mabapi le litšobotsi tsa matla a seretse ho delamination le kobomba misala mpona mokelikeli, 'me tharollo - ka serame, ho e hlahloba ka ho tlhopho kapa phetoho ea ho hlophisoa kapa litšobotsi tsa metsoako e tharollo. lihlahisoa tse ding hape di tlamehile ho ikamahanya hlahloba mong le o mong ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng. Haeba ka ketsahalo ea batho bao e seng ho latelwa licheke tla bontša ho fihlela ho tekanyetso jwale, lotho kaofela e hana.

Ke eng e lokelang ho tse ditokomane bakeng sa thepa?

The litokomane tse sebeletsang e le bopaki ba boleng ba dihlahiswa le moemeli matla ya moetsi le boikarabelo ba ho laola maikutlo a sa theknik'hone, tse latelang li lokela ho ngotsoe tsoa:

- lebitso le aterese ea moetsi, letsatsi le tobileng le nako ea ba lokisetsa ho ea motsoako;

- cha ea tharollo;

- ea mofuta ofe binder le;

- ka tjhelete e ya thepa tsamaiso;

- lebitso le chelete ho sebelisoe lik'hemik'hale;

- bolela molao-motheo, e le hore ke tiiso ea hore a latele sehlahisoa ya data loketse-to-ja botekgeniki.

Ha aggregates sebediswa porous, ka ho eketsehileng e tsitsitseng ka ho segokanyipalo karolelano profinseng e omme. Ho motsoako ommeng ka ho tsoaka balletsweng chelete, e le hore motsoako o fumana le tsamaiso batlang. Hape litokomane lokela netefatsa raka, athe bophelo ba motsoako ka boemo omileng, eo e balwa ho tloha letsatsing la ho lokisetsa pele ho tla felloa ke matla ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng.

Tsamaisa seretse metsoako

Ha tsamaisa seretse ke bohlokoa ho qoba tahlehelo ea lebese le samente. thepa lumelloa ho tsamaisa ka tsela, hammoho le linkho (hoppers) mechine le ka platforms sa terene. Tabeng ena mocheso e lokela ho hlahloba isoa seretse, e tsitsitseng ka ho ikakhela selekanyamogote botekgeniki ka botebo ba cm, 5.

Omeletsa seretse metsoako ba isoa ho samente teraka, setshelo kapa tsa phutheloa kg 40 (wrapping pampiri) le kg 8 (polasetiki paka). Ka pampiri e tsamaisa mekotla tsoela pele Pallets lehong, ka nhua polyethylene - ka stacking mekotla le motsoako ka lik'hontheinara loketseng. Store motsoako ka mekotla e lumelloa ka mocheso oa 5 ° C ka koetsoeng kamoreng e omme. Ka mor'a ho tsamaisa motsoako seretse e lokolloa ka mixer kapa sejana tse ling.

Ho sebelisoa ha likanono

Boholo likanono tse sa tšoaneng. Kaho concretes le likanono tsa samente binder le boitsebiso bo sa mehaho ke ho pharaletseng e ratoang ka poraefete hammoho le ka indasteri ea kaho kaho ea makalana tiileng microcyteme, tshekaletseng, paatsepama, mehaho e sekametse, meaho, overlaps, ha overhauling, ho lokisa, ho tsosolosa le ho tsosolosoeng .

Ho lumeloa hore ka kaho ea meaho Lejoe phalla likanono fihla kotara ea bophahamo ba modumo kakaretso ea mohaho. Ba bangata ba rōna ba kile ua reka kalaka, gypsum, e tsoakiloeng likanono tsa lila mohaho ka mabota ka lifolete kapa malapa poraefete (seo ho thoeng ke qete hlophisitsoeng). Hape, motho a ne a lokela ho reka ditharollo majoe bakeng sa mosebetsi oa kopano, cladding, lejoe majoe, refractory. Hona joale u ka fumana ka seretse kaho maraka (GOST 28013), rua mogote thepa phahametse kwahelang, absorption sound, mocheso le mollo ho hanyetsa.